Abstract
The xBa(Ti(1−y)Zry)O3–(1−x)PbTiO3 ceramic samples with x = 0.3, y = 0.95; x = 0.3, y = 0.7; x = 0.3, y = 0.3; x = 0.3, y = 0.05; x = 0.5, y = 0.05 were synthesized by a solid state reaction technique. The XRD patterns of these samples have anisotropic broadening of diffraction peaks. The crystallographic data were analyzed by the Rietveld method. During the refinement process the Stephens’s approach was used. All the samples studied are solid solutions with the tetragonal perovskite structure. The degree of tetragonal distortion of these solid solutions decreases with an increase in the Zr content. The microstructure analysis showed that the broadening of the diffraction peaks on the XRD patterns is due to both strains and small crystallite sizes.
-
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
References
1. Bokov, A. A., Ye, Z.-G. 1000 at 1000: relaxor ferroelectrics undergoing accelerated growth. J. Mater. Sci. 2020, 55, 16451–16454; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05098-0.Search in Google Scholar
2. Eitel, R. E., Zhang, S. J., Shrout, T. R., Randall, C. A., Levin, I. Phase diagram of the perovskite system (1–x)BiScO3–xPbTiO3. J. Appl. Phys. 2004, 96, 2828–2831; https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1777810.Search in Google Scholar
3. Ursic, H., Zarnik, M. S., Kosec, M. Pb(Mg⅓Nb⅔)O3 – PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) material for actuator applications. Smart Mater. Res. 2011, 2011, 452901. (6 p.).10.1155/2011/452901Search in Google Scholar
4. Cox, D. E., Noheda, B., Shirane, G., Uesu, Y., Fujishiro, K. Universal phase diagram for high-piezoelectric perovskite systems. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 79, 400–402; https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1384475.Search in Google Scholar
5. Stepanov, A. V., Bush, A. A., Kamentsev, K. E. Phase diagram and dielectric properties of (1–x)Ba(Ti1–yZry)·xPbTiO3 ceramics. Inorg. Mater. 2018, 54, 208–219; https://doi.org/10.1134/s0020168518020140.Search in Google Scholar
6. Si Ahmed, F., Taibi, K., Bidault, O., Geoffroy, N., Millot, N. Normal and relaxor ferroelectric behavior in the Ba1–xPbx(Ti1–yZry)O3 solid solutions. J. Alloys Compd. 2017, 693, 245–256; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.09.166.Search in Google Scholar
7. Sirotinkin, V., Bush, A. Phase composition of ceramic samples of the BaTiO3 – PbTiO3 – BaZrO3 system near BaTiO3. J. Mater. Sci. 2021, 56, 1162–1171; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05388-7.Search in Google Scholar
8. Talanov, M. V., Bush, A. A., Sirotinkin, V. P., Kozlov, V. I. Structural origin of strongly diffused ferroelectric phase transition in Ba(Ti, Zr)O3-based ceramics. Acta Mater. 2022, 227, 117734. (10 p.); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2022.117734.Search in Google Scholar
9. Boysen, H. Ferroelastic phase transitions and domain structures in powders. Z. Kristallogr. 2005, 220, 726–734; https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.220.8.726.67081.Search in Google Scholar
10. Stephens, P. W. Phenomenological model of anisotropic peak broadening in powder diffraction. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1999, 32, 281–289; https://doi.org/10.1107/s0021889898006001.Search in Google Scholar
11. Schmitt, B., Bronnimann, Ch., Eikenberry, E. F., Hulsen, G., Toyokawa, H., Horisberger, R., Gozzo, F., Patterson, B., Schulze-Briese, C., Tomizaki, T. Development of single photon counting detectors at the Swiss Light Source. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 2004, A518, 436–439; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.051.Search in Google Scholar
12. Fetisov, G. V. X-ray diffraction methods for structural diagnostics of materials: progress and achievements. Phys. Usp. 2020, 63, 2–32; https://doi.org/10.3367/ufne.2018.10.038435.Search in Google Scholar
13. Rodriguez-Carvajal, J. Recent advances in magnetic structure determination by neutron powder diffraction. Physica B 1993, 192, 55–69; https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(93)90108-i.Search in Google Scholar
14. Roisnel, T., Rodriguez-Carvajal, J. WinPLOTR: a Windows tool for powder diffraction patterns analysis. In Materials Science Forum. Proceedings of the European Powder Diffraction Conference (EPDIC7), Vol. 378–381, 2001; pp. 118–123.10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.378-381.118Search in Google Scholar
15. Nelmes, R. J. The crystal structure of tetragonal PbTiO3 at room temperature and at 700 K. Solid State Commun. 1985, 54, 721–723; https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(85)90595-2.Search in Google Scholar
16. Bush, A., Sirotinkin, V., Ivanov, S. Cubic and tetragonal modifications in BaTiO3 ceramic samples: X-Ray diffraction analysis by the Rietveld method. Crystallogr. Rep. 2020, 65, 1025–1032; https://doi.org/10.1134/s106377452005003x.Search in Google Scholar
17. Yoshiasa, A., Nakatani, T., Nakatsuka, A., Okube, M., Sugiyama, K., Mashimo, T. High-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of tetragonal and cubic perovskite-type PbTiO3 phases. Acta Crystallogr. 2016, B72, 381–388; https://doi.org/10.1107/s2052520616005114.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
18. Joseph, J., Vimala, T. M., Sivasubramanian, V., Murthy, V. R. K. Structural investigations on Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 solid solutions using the X-ray Rietveld method. J. Mater. Sci. 2000, 35, 1571–1575; https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1004778223721.10.1023/A:1004778223721Search in Google Scholar
19. Berar, J.-F., Lelann, P. E. S. D.’s and estimated probable error obtained in Rietveld refinements with local correlations. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1990, 24, 1–5; https://doi.org/10.1107/s0021889890008391.Search in Google Scholar
20. Levin, A. A. Program RietESD for correction of estimated standard deviations obtained in Rietveld-refinement program. Preprint 2022.Search in Google Scholar
21. Bush, A., Kozlov, V., Stepanov, A., Sirotinkin, V. Solid solutions of the (1-x)Ba(Ti0.50Sn0.50)O3 ·xPbTiO3 system: preparation, structural and dielectric characterization. Ceram. Int. 2021, 47, 32243–32251; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.08.119.Search in Google Scholar
22. De Keijser, Th. H., Langford, J. I., Mittemeijer, E. I., Vogels, A. B. P. Use of the Voigt function in a single-line method for the analysis of X-ray diffraction line broadening. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1982, 15, 308–314; https://doi.org/10.1107/s0021889882012035.Search in Google Scholar
© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- In this issue
- Inorganic Crystal Structures (Original Paper)
- A contribution to the perrhenate crystal chemistry: the crystal structures of new CdTh[MoO4]3-type compounds
- Mixed-valent 1:1 oxidotellurates(IV/VI) of Na, K and Rb: superstructure and three-dimensional disorder
- Structure and properties of phases from solid solutions YTIn1−x Al x (T = Ni and Cu)
- Halide-sodalites: thermal behavior at low temperatures and local deviations from the average structure
- Structural study of ceramic samples of the PbTiO3–BaTiO3–BaZrO3 system with a high PbTiO3 content studied by the Rietveld method
- A novel crystallographic location of rattling atoms in filled Eu x Co4Sb12 skutterudites prepared under high-pressure conditions
- Magnesium and barium in two substructures: BaTMg2 (T = Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) and the isotypic cadmium compound BaAuCd2 with MgCuAl2 type structure
- Organic and Metalorganic Crystal Structures (Original Paper)
- Synthesis, structure, and photocatalytic properties of a two-dimensional uranyl organic framework
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- In this issue
- Inorganic Crystal Structures (Original Paper)
- A contribution to the perrhenate crystal chemistry: the crystal structures of new CdTh[MoO4]3-type compounds
- Mixed-valent 1:1 oxidotellurates(IV/VI) of Na, K and Rb: superstructure and three-dimensional disorder
- Structure and properties of phases from solid solutions YTIn1−x Al x (T = Ni and Cu)
- Halide-sodalites: thermal behavior at low temperatures and local deviations from the average structure
- Structural study of ceramic samples of the PbTiO3–BaTiO3–BaZrO3 system with a high PbTiO3 content studied by the Rietveld method
- A novel crystallographic location of rattling atoms in filled Eu x Co4Sb12 skutterudites prepared under high-pressure conditions
- Magnesium and barium in two substructures: BaTMg2 (T = Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) and the isotypic cadmium compound BaAuCd2 with MgCuAl2 type structure
- Organic and Metalorganic Crystal Structures (Original Paper)
- Synthesis, structure, and photocatalytic properties of a two-dimensional uranyl organic framework