Abstract
Determining the copyright status of a literary work is not always straightforward, because copyrights are territorial and the relevant laws differ significantly country by country. In some legislations, for example, a work’s copyright status may depend on the publication date, on whether the publication was posthumous, on the quantity and quality of editorial interventions the manuscript underwent before publication, etc.
2021 marked the 70th anniversary of Wittgenstein’s death. In many countries, the duration of the copyright term is the author’s life plus 70 years. Thus, as of the moment of this writing, it is important to attempt a comprehensive analysis and to try to determine whether, where and why his manuscripts and his published works are in the public domain.
This paper clarifies the general principles of copyright and describes the rules and best practices that must be followed in the context of internet publications. Additionally, it examines the factors that make it particularly challenging to ascertain the copyright status both of Wittgenstein’s published works and of the transcriptions of his manuscripts. Lastly, it provides a detailed account of the copyright status of some of Wittgenstein’s works that were published in the second half of the 20th century, proving that they are in the public domain in most countries.
Bibliography
Biesenbach, Hans: Anspielungen und Zitate im Werk Ludwig Wittgensteins, Sofia 2014.Search in Google Scholar
Biggs, Michael & Pichler, Alois: Wittgenstein: Two Source Catalogues and a Bibliography. Catalogues of the Published Texts and of the Published Diagrams, each Related to its Sources, Working Papers from the Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Bergen 7, 1993.Search in Google Scholar
Dombkowski, Chris: Simultaneous Internet Publication and the Berne Convention, in: Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal 29/4 (2013), 643 – 674.Search in Google Scholar
Erbacher, Christian: Editorial Approaches to Wittgenstein’s Nachlass: Towards a Historical Appreciation, in: Philosophical Investigations 38/3 (2015), 165 – 198.10.1111/phin.12064Search in Google Scholar
Fitzgerald, Brian; Shi, Sampsung Xiaoxiang; Foong, Cheryl & Pappalardo, Kylie: Country of Origin and Internet Publication: Applying the Berne Convention in the Digital Age, in: Brian Fitzgerald and John Gilchrist (eds.): Copyright Perspectives, Cham 2015.10.1007/978-3-319-15913-3_4Search in Google Scholar
Hirtle, Peter: Copyright Term and the Public Domain, in: Cornell University Library, 2004 – 2023, https://guides.library.cornell.edu/copyright/publicdomain (last access: 30 July 2022).Search in Google Scholar
Lavazza, Michele: Why Are Some of Wittgenstein’s Works Not Available on This Website?, in: The Ludwig Wittgenstein Project, 28 December 2021, https://www.wittgensteinproject.org/w/index.php?title=Project:Why_are_some_of_Wittgenstein%E2%80%99s_texts_missing_from_this_website%3F (last access: 1 December 2022).Search in Google Scholar
Margoni, Thomas: The digitisation of cultural heritage: originality, derivative works and (non) original photographs, Amsterdam 2014.10.2139/ssrn.2573104Search in Google Scholar
Moody, Glynn: Walled Culture. How Big Content Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Keep Creators Poor, Antwerp 2022.Search in Google Scholar
Pichler, Alois: Transcriptions, Texts and Interpretation, in: Kjell S. Johannessen and Tore Nordenstam (eds.): Culture and Value. Beiträge des 18. Internationalen Wittgenstein Symposiums. 13. –20. August 1995 Kirchberg am Wechsel, Kirchberg am Wechsel 1995, 690 – 695.Search in Google Scholar
Pichler, Alois: Encoding Wittgenstein. Some Remarks on Wittgenstein’s Nachlass, the Bergen Electronic Edition, and Future Electronic Publishing and Networking, in: Trans. Internet-Zeitschrift für Kulturwissenschaften 10 (2002).Search in Google Scholar
Pichler, Alois; Biggs, Michael A. R. & Uffelmann, Sarah Anna: Bibliographie der deutsch- und englischsprachigen Wittgenstein-Ausgaben, in: Wittgenstein-Studien2 (2011, updated 2019), 249 – 286.10.1515/9783110236231.249Search in Google Scholar
‘Quoteresearch’: “You have an Idea. I have an Idea. We Swap. Now We Each Have Two Ideas.”, in: Quote Investigator, January 2023, https://quoteinvestigator.com/2011/12/13/swap-ideas/ (last access: 30 January 2023).Search in Google Scholar
SNE (Syndicat National de l’Édition): Durée des Droits d’Auteur, in: Syndicat National de l’Édition, 2 November 2017, https://www.sne.fr/editeur-et-auteur/duree-des-droits-dauteurs/, Syndicat national de l’édition (last access: 30 July 2022).Search in Google Scholar
Wittgenstein, Ludwig: This is the Last Will of Me Ludwig Wittgenstein, in: Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, 29 January 1951, https://www.onb.ac.at/bibliothek/sammlungen/handschriften-und-alte-drucke/this-is-the-last-will-of-me-ludwig-wittgenstein (last access: 16 July 2002).Search in Google Scholar
© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Titlepages
- Titlepages
- Hinweis für Leser / Note for Readers
- Table of Contents
- Articles
- Wittgenstein and Repetition
- Über die Assoziation von Namen mit privaten Empfindungen – ein Kommentar zu Wittgensteins Privatsprachenargument (PU 256 – 265)
- „Das Ethische ist kein Sachverhalt“
- Wahrheit in Wittgensteins Spätphilosophie
- Wittgensteins Manuskriptbände aus dem Jahr 1929
- Special Issue: 70 Years of Editing Wittgenstein – History, Challenges and Possibilities
- Special Issue: 70 Years of Editing Wittgenstein – History, Challenges and Possibilities Edited by Jasmin Trächtler
- 70 Years of Editing Wittgenstein – History, Challenges and Possibilities
- Interactive Dynamic Presentation (IDP) and Semantic Faceted Search and Browsing (SFB) of the Wittgenstein Nachlass
- The Copyright Status of Wittgenstein’s Works
- Wittgenstein’s Notebooks, Diaries and Diaristic Remarks
- New Philosophical Aspects and the Philological Questions Emerging by Exploring the Digital Edition of Wittgenstein’s Nachlass
- Die Baumstruktur des Tractatus: Genesis, Lesarten, Editionen
- Buchbesprechungen / Book Reviews
- Buchbesprechungen / Book Reviews
- John Greco: The Transmission of Knowledge.
- James C. Klagge: Tractatus in Context: The Essential Background for Appreciating Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
- Jakub Mácha, Alexander Berg (eds.): Wittgenstein and Hegel: Reevaluation of Difference.
- Bernhard Ritter: Kant and Post-Tractarian Wittgenstein: Transcendentalism, Idealism, Illusion.
- Articles
- Die Autorinnen und Autoren des Bandes / Authors of this Volume
Articles in the same Issue
- Titlepages
- Titlepages
- Hinweis für Leser / Note for Readers
- Table of Contents
- Articles
- Wittgenstein and Repetition
- Über die Assoziation von Namen mit privaten Empfindungen – ein Kommentar zu Wittgensteins Privatsprachenargument (PU 256 – 265)
- „Das Ethische ist kein Sachverhalt“
- Wahrheit in Wittgensteins Spätphilosophie
- Wittgensteins Manuskriptbände aus dem Jahr 1929
- Special Issue: 70 Years of Editing Wittgenstein – History, Challenges and Possibilities
- Special Issue: 70 Years of Editing Wittgenstein – History, Challenges and Possibilities Edited by Jasmin Trächtler
- 70 Years of Editing Wittgenstein – History, Challenges and Possibilities
- Interactive Dynamic Presentation (IDP) and Semantic Faceted Search and Browsing (SFB) of the Wittgenstein Nachlass
- The Copyright Status of Wittgenstein’s Works
- Wittgenstein’s Notebooks, Diaries and Diaristic Remarks
- New Philosophical Aspects and the Philological Questions Emerging by Exploring the Digital Edition of Wittgenstein’s Nachlass
- Die Baumstruktur des Tractatus: Genesis, Lesarten, Editionen
- Buchbesprechungen / Book Reviews
- Buchbesprechungen / Book Reviews
- John Greco: The Transmission of Knowledge.
- James C. Klagge: Tractatus in Context: The Essential Background for Appreciating Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
- Jakub Mácha, Alexander Berg (eds.): Wittgenstein and Hegel: Reevaluation of Difference.
- Bernhard Ritter: Kant and Post-Tractarian Wittgenstein: Transcendentalism, Idealism, Illusion.
- Articles
- Die Autorinnen und Autoren des Bandes / Authors of this Volume