Abstract
In this work, a combined design of blade and endwall using the Extended Free Form Deformation technique is proposed and implemented on a transonic compressor rotor (the NASA Rotor 67). The best combined design is explored by numerical investigations and optimization via Kriging surrogate model method. As a result, by only modifying the hub and blade under 15 % span, the peak adiabatic efficiency is increased by 0.4 % and the overall aerodynamic performance for all operating conditions is also improved. An analysis shows that the enlarged dihedral angle between the hub and blade restrains boundary layer intersection and development. Meanwhile, the optimized hub changes the pressure distribution and prevents migration of cross-flow. As a result, the low-energy flow in the corner is accelerated downstream and the separation is limited, leading to an effective improvement in throughflow capability and aerodynamic performance in the corner region.
Acknowledgments
This work was sponsored by the National Major Science and Technology Project of China (Nos. 2017-II-0006-0020, 2017-II-0001-0013 and 2019-II-0003-0023).
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
-
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Nomenclature
- symbol
-
meaning and unit
- i
-
spanwise coordinate
- j
-
pitchwise coordinate
- k
-
streamwise coordinate
- η
-
adiabatic efficiency
- T 0
-
total temperature (K)
- P 0
-
total pressure (Pa)
- Cp
-
pressure coefficient
- LE
-
leading edge
- TE
-
trailing edge
- PS
-
pressure surface
- SS
-
suction surface
- FFD
-
free form deformation
- RSM
-
response surface model
- EFFD
-
extended free form deformation
- Ma
-
mach number
- TKE
-
turbulence kinetic energy (m2/s2)
References
1. Gbadebo, SA, Cumpsty, NA, Hynes, TP. Three-dimensional separations in axial compressors. J Turbomach 2005;127:331–9. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1811093.Search in Google Scholar
2. Denton, JD. Loss mechanisms in turbomachines. J Turbomach 1993;115:621–56. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2929299.Search in Google Scholar
3. Lei, VM, Spakovszky, ZS, Greitzer, EM. A criterion for axial compressor hub-corner stall. J Turbomach 2008;130:475–86.10.1115/1.2775492Search in Google Scholar
4. Joslyn, DH, Dring, RP. Axial compressor stator aerodynamics. J Eng Gas Turbines Power 1985;107:485–93. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3239754.Search in Google Scholar
5. Schulz, HD, Gallus, HE. Experimental investigations of the three-dimensional flow in an annular compressor cascade. J Turbomach 1988;110:467–78. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3262220.Search in Google Scholar
6. Horlock, JH, Louis, JF, Percival, PME, Lakshminarayana, B. Wall stall in compressor cascades. J Fluids Eng Trans ASME 1966;88:637–48. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3645925.Search in Google Scholar
7. Li, JB, Li, X, Ji, LC, Yi, WL, Zhou, L. Use of blended blade and end wall method in compressor cascades: definition and mechanism comparisons. Aero Sci Technol 2019;92:738–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2019.06.045.Search in Google Scholar
8. Meng, TT, Yang, G, Zhou, L. Full blended blade and endwall design of a compressor cascade. Chin J Aeronaut 2021;34:79–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2021.02.009.Search in Google Scholar
9. Cao, Z, Gao, X, Liu, B. Control mechanisms of endwall profiling and its comparison with bowed blading on flow field and performance of a highly-loaded compressor cascade. Aero Sci Technol 2019;95:105472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2019.105472.Search in Google Scholar
10. Harvey, N. Some effects of non-axisymmetric end wall profiling on axial flow compressor aerodynamics, part I: linear cascade investigation. New York: ASME; 2008. Report No.: GT2008-50990.10.1115/GT2008-50990Search in Google Scholar
11. Harvey, N, Offord, T. Some effects of non-axisymmetric end wall profiling on axial flow compressor aerodynamics, part II: multi-stage HPC CFD study. New York: ASME; 2008. Report No.:GT2008-50991.10.1115/GT2008-50991Search in Google Scholar
12. Chen, P-P, Qiao, W-Y, Hashmi, SFA, Shi, P-J, Zhao, L. Passive control of hub-corner separation/stall using axisymmetric-hub contouring. Proc Inst Mech Eng G J Aerosp Eng 2012;226:1214–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954410011421716.Search in Google Scholar
13. Chima, VR. Computational modeling of vortex generators for turbomachinery. New York: ASME; 2002. Report No.: GT2002–30677.10.1115/GT2002-30677Search in Google Scholar
14. Ji, LC, Yi, WL, Tang, FM, Ma, WT. A leading edge strake blade in endwall of turbomachinery [P]. China 201310739898.X 2014.Search in Google Scholar
15. Rethmel, C, Little, J, Takashima, K. Flow separation control over an airfoil with nanosecond pluse driven DBD plasma actuators. AIAA Paper No 2011-487; 2011.10.2514/6.2011-487Search in Google Scholar
16. Meng, T, Li, X, Zhou, L, Li, JB, Ji, LC, et al.. Large eddy simulation and compositive design of corner separation in a compressor cascade. Phys Fluids 2022;34:75113. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0096572.Search in Google Scholar
17. Strazisar, AJ, Powell, JA. Laser anemometer measurements in a transonic axial flow compressor rotor. J Eng Power 1980;103:430–7. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3230738.Search in Google Scholar
18. Sederberg, TW, Parry, SR. Free-form deformation of solid geometric models. ACM SIGGRAPH Comput Graph 1986;20:151–60. https://doi.org/10.1145/15886.15903.Search in Google Scholar
19. John, A, Shahpar, S, Qin, N. Novel compressor blade shaping through a free-form method. J Turbomach 2017;139: 081002.10.1115/1.4035833Search in Google Scholar
20. Adjei, RA, Fan, C, Wang, WZ, Liu, YZ. Multidisciplinary design optimization for performance improvement of an axial flow fan using free-form deformation. J Turbomach 2020;143:1–25.10.1115/1.4048793Search in Google Scholar
21. Shen, Y, Huang, W, Yan, L, Zhang, T. Constraint-based parameterization using FFD and multi-objective design optimization of a hypersonic vehicle. Aero Sci Technol 2020;100:105788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2020.105788.Search in Google Scholar
22. Coquillart, S. Extended free-form deformation: a sculpturing tool for 3D geometric modeling. Comput Graph 1990;24:187–96. https://doi.org/10.1145/97880.97900.Search in Google Scholar
23. Menter, FR. Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications. AIAA J 1994;32:1598–605. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.12149.Search in Google Scholar
24. Draper, NR. Response surface methodology: process and product optimization using designed experiments. J Statal Plan Inference 1997;59:185–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3758(97)81631-x.Search in Google Scholar
© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Numerical investigations of heat transfer characteristics using oblong fins and circular fins in a wedge channel
- An efficient flow control technique based on co-flow jet and multi-stage slot circulation control applied to a supercritical airfoil
- Reacting flow analysis in scramjet engine: effect of mass flow rate of fuel and flight velocity
- Installed performance seeking control based on supersonic variable inlet/engine coupling model
- Effect of zero penetration angle chevrons in supersonic jet noise and screech tone mitigation
- The aerodynamic performance degradation analysis of a small high bypass turbofan engine compression system with fan rotor blade leading edge erosion
- Flow structure comparison of film cooling versus hybrid cooling: a CFD study
- Experimental investigation on a Jeffcott rotor with combined coupling misalignment using time-frequency analysis
- Effect of free boundary on the performance of single expansion nozzle
- Optimization and numerical investigation of combined design of blade and endwall on rotor 67
- Numerical study on the effect of distortion of S-duct on flow field and performance of a full annulus transonic fan
- Research on a high-precision real-time improvement method for aero-engine component-level model
- Uncertainty quantification by probabilistic analysis of circular fins
- Influences of unbalance phase combination on the dynamic characteristics for a turboprop engine
- Study on the water ingestion performance of compressor with inlet particle separator
- The role of volume effect on the transient behavior of a transonic compressor
- Experimental analysis of performance and tip dynamic pressure in a compressor cascade with high-speed moving endwall
- Numerical study of the impact of hydrogen addition, swirl intensity and equivalence ratio on methane-air combustion
- Active subspace-based performance analysis of supersonic through-flow fan rotor
- Assessment of performance degradation of a mixed flow low bypass turbofan engine through GasTurb simulation
- Numerical investigation of tip clearance flow in a variable geometry turbine with non-uniform partial clearance
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Numerical investigations of heat transfer characteristics using oblong fins and circular fins in a wedge channel
- An efficient flow control technique based on co-flow jet and multi-stage slot circulation control applied to a supercritical airfoil
- Reacting flow analysis in scramjet engine: effect of mass flow rate of fuel and flight velocity
- Installed performance seeking control based on supersonic variable inlet/engine coupling model
- Effect of zero penetration angle chevrons in supersonic jet noise and screech tone mitigation
- The aerodynamic performance degradation analysis of a small high bypass turbofan engine compression system with fan rotor blade leading edge erosion
- Flow structure comparison of film cooling versus hybrid cooling: a CFD study
- Experimental investigation on a Jeffcott rotor with combined coupling misalignment using time-frequency analysis
- Effect of free boundary on the performance of single expansion nozzle
- Optimization and numerical investigation of combined design of blade and endwall on rotor 67
- Numerical study on the effect of distortion of S-duct on flow field and performance of a full annulus transonic fan
- Research on a high-precision real-time improvement method for aero-engine component-level model
- Uncertainty quantification by probabilistic analysis of circular fins
- Influences of unbalance phase combination on the dynamic characteristics for a turboprop engine
- Study on the water ingestion performance of compressor with inlet particle separator
- The role of volume effect on the transient behavior of a transonic compressor
- Experimental analysis of performance and tip dynamic pressure in a compressor cascade with high-speed moving endwall
- Numerical study of the impact of hydrogen addition, swirl intensity and equivalence ratio on methane-air combustion
- Active subspace-based performance analysis of supersonic through-flow fan rotor
- Assessment of performance degradation of a mixed flow low bypass turbofan engine through GasTurb simulation
- Numerical investigation of tip clearance flow in a variable geometry turbine with non-uniform partial clearance