Textile-based piezoelectric impact sensors for fibre-reinforced plastic composites
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Abstract
Bird strikes on wind turbine rotor blades have long-term impacts on fibre reinforced plastic composites. To monitor and document these impacts, integrating sensors into the composite structure is necessary. However, conventional sensors introduce foreign objects that deflect the fibre orientation, weakening the composite and potentially causing damage like delamination. To address this, silver-coated glass fibre sensors have been developed and integrated into the composite structure. Impact tests confirmed the functionality of the developed sensors. These sensors seamlessly integrate into the reinforcing structure due to their textile nature and multi-layered fibre structure. Unlike conventional sensors, they do not introduce foreign objects or create mechanical weak spots. Instead, they are expected to contribute to the overall stability of the component. In summary, integrating impact sensors into fibre reinforced plastic composites is crucial for documenting bird strike damage. Conventional sensors weaken the composite, but silver-coated glass fibre sensors resolve this issue by seamlessly integrating into the structure, enhancing stability and durability.
Zusammenfassung
Schläge auf eine Faser-Kunststoffverbundstruktur, wie zum Beispiel durch Vogelschlag auf den Rotorflügel einer Windkraftanlage, führen auf Dauer zu Schäden im Verbund. Um solche Einschläge zu dokumentieren, können Impactsensoren in die Verbundstruktur integriert werden. Herkömmliche Sensoren, welche in eine Faser-Kunststoffverbundstruktur eingebracht werden, stellen jedoch einen Fremdkörper in der Verstärkungsstruktur dar und führen meist auch zu einer Umlenkung der Faserorientierung. Dadurch schwächen sie das Bauteil und können zu etwaigen Schäden, wie zum Beispiel einer Delamination des Verbundes, führen. Um dies zu verhindern, wurden Sensoren aus leitfähig beschichteten Glasfasern entwickelt und in glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffverbundstrukturen integriert. Durch durchgeführte Impact-Versuche konnte die Funktionsfähigkeit der entwickelten Sensoren bestätigt werden. Da die textilen Sensoren, basierend auf einem Mehrlagenaufbau, gleichzeitig auch als verstärkende Struktur und nicht mehr als Fremdkörper fungieren, erzeugen sie folglich keine mechanische Schwachstelle im Verbund sondern es ist zu erwarten, dass sie wie die anderen Fasern zur Stabilität des Bauteils beitragen.
Funding source: Federal Ministry of Education and Research
Award Identifier / Grant number: 13XP5128B
About the authors
Lena Pfeiffer graduated in textile engineering at Reutlingen University in 2022. Since then she is working as research associate at the department of E-Textiles and Acoustics at the German Institute of Textile and Fiber Research Denkendorf (DITF). Her main research fields are smart and sensory textiles in combination with sustainability and circular economy.
Dr.-Ing. Paul Hofmann graduated in mechanical engineering at the University of Stuttgart in 2013. He then worked as a research associate and Post-Doc at the German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research, Denkendorf (DITF). He did his PhD about multilayer-woven piezoelectric sensor-structures at the University of Stuttgart. His main research fields are Smart and Sensory Textiles. At the DITF, he was deputy head of the department of E-Textiles and Acoustics. Since 2023, he is working at Sefar as innovation manager and is responsible for the development of Smart Fabrics.
Dr. rer. nat Michael Haupt received his PhD in semiconductor physics, photonic structures and quantum dots from the University of Ulm. After working at AEG in liquid crystal display development, he was group leader at the Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology for many years, working on plasmas and surface analysis. At the German Institutes for Textile and Fiber Research Denkendorf he then headed the Technology Center E-Textiles and Acoustics. Now he is Director for Medical Devices at the Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine and Metrology at the University of Ulm.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Nanoedge GmbH for the cooperation and joint implementation of this project.
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: The work and the results presented are part of the project StruGlaSen: Electrically conductive glass fibre yarns for use in structure-integrated sensors (13XP5128B) funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Data availability: The data in this article were generated within a project and are not publicly available.
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© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Editorial
- Research Articles
- Textile-based piezoelectric impact sensors for fibre-reinforced plastic composites
- Textile-based strain sensors for fiber-reinforced composites under tension, compression and bending
- Distributed fiber optic sensors for structural health monitoring of composite pressure vessels
- Temperature-dependent calibration and temperature compensation of elastic shape-memory alloy strain sensors for fiber-reinforced composite applications
- Gesture and force sensing based on dielectric elastomers for intelligent gloves in the digital production
- What kind of phonation causes the strongest vocal fold collision? – A hemi-larynx phonation contact pressure study
- Concept studies and application development of textile integrated dielectric elastomer sensors for smart shoe technologies
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Editorial
- Research Articles
- Textile-based piezoelectric impact sensors for fibre-reinforced plastic composites
- Textile-based strain sensors for fiber-reinforced composites under tension, compression and bending
- Distributed fiber optic sensors for structural health monitoring of composite pressure vessels
- Temperature-dependent calibration and temperature compensation of elastic shape-memory alloy strain sensors for fiber-reinforced composite applications
- Gesture and force sensing based on dielectric elastomers for intelligent gloves in the digital production
- What kind of phonation causes the strongest vocal fold collision? – A hemi-larynx phonation contact pressure study
- Concept studies and application development of textile integrated dielectric elastomer sensors for smart shoe technologies
