Balo’s concentric sclerosis: an update and comprehensive literature review

References

Airas, L., Kurki, T., Erjanti, H., and Marttila, R.J. (2005). Successful pregnancy of a patient with Balo’s concentric sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 11, 346–348.10.1191/135245855058ms1158oaSearch in Google Scholar

Barnett, M.H., Henderson, A.P., and Prineas, J. (2006). The macrophage in MS: just a scavenger after all? Pathology and pathogenesis of the acute MS lesion. Mult. Scler. 12, 121–132.10.1191/135248506ms1304rrSearch in Google Scholar

Berghoff, M., Schlamann, M., Maderwald, S., Grams, A., Kaps, M., Ladd, M.E., and Gizewski, E. (2013). 7 Tesla MRI demonstrates vascular pathology in Baló’s concentric sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 19, 120–122.10.1177/1352458512445302Search in Google Scholar

Bolay, H., Karabudak, R., Tacal, T., Önol, B., Selekler, K., and Saribaş, O. (1996). Balo’s concentric sclerosis report of two patients with magnetic resonance imaging follow-up. J. Neuroimaging 6, 98–103.10.1111/jon19966298Search in Google Scholar

Cai, X., Xu, J., Xu, J., and Pan, D. (2015). Serial magnetic resonance imaging representation in a Baló’s concentric sclerosis. J. Neurol. Sci. 349, 266–268.10.1016/j.jns.2015.01.026Search in Google Scholar

Capello, E. and Mancardi, G. (2004). Marburg type and Balo’s concentric sclerosis: rare and acute variants of multiple sclerosis. Neurol. Sci. 25, s361–s363.10.1007/s10072-004-0341-1Search in Google Scholar

Caracciolo, J.T., Murtagh, R.D., Rojiani, A.M., and Murtagh, F.R. (2001). Pathognomonic MR imaging findings in Balo concentric sclerosis. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 22, 292–293.Search in Google Scholar

Charil, A., Yousry, T.A., Rovaris, M., Barkhof, F., De Stefano, N., Fazekas, F., Miller, D.H., Montalban, X., Simon, J.H., and Polman, C. (2006). MRI and the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: expanding the concept of ‘no better explanation’. Lancet Neurol. 5, 841–852.10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70572-5Search in Google Scholar

Chen, C.-J. (2001). Serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in lesions of Balo concentric sclerosis. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 25, 713–718.10.1097/00004728-200109000-00008Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Chen, C., Ro, L., Wang, L., and Wong, Y. (1996). Balo’s concentric sclerosis: MRI. Neuroradiology 38, 322–324.10.1007/BF00596578Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Chen, F., Liu, T., Li, J., Xing, Z., Huang, S., Wen, G., and Lu, G. (2015). Eccentric development of Balo’s concentric sclerosis: detected by magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Int. J. Neurosci. 125, 433–440.10.3109/00207454.2014.946563Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Ciampi, E., Tur, C., and Montalban, X. (2015). Commentary on Pique et al.’s paper entitled: Peripheral late reactivation of a previously typical monofocal Balo’s concentric sclerosis lesion. Mult. Scler. 21, 1084–1086.10.1177/1352458515586090Search in Google Scholar

Darke, M., Bahador, F.M., Miller, D.C., Litofsky, N.S., and Ahsan, H. (2013). Baló’s concentric sclerosis: imaging findings and pathological correlation. J. Radiol. Case Rep. 7, 1.10.3941/jrcr.v7i6.1251Search in Google Scholar

Gharagozloo, A.M., Poe, L.B., and Collins, G.H. (1994). Antemortem diagnosis of Baló concentric sclerosis: correlative MR imaging and pathologic features. Radiology 191, 817–819.10.1148/radiology.191.3.8184071Search in Google Scholar

Hanemann, C., Kleinschmidt, A., Reifenberger, G., Freund, H., and Seitz, R. (1993). Balo’s concentric sclerosis followed by MRI and positron emission tomography. Neuroradiology 35, 578–580.10.1007/BF00588396Search in Google Scholar

Hardy, T.A. and Miller, D.H. (2014). Baló’s concentric sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 13, 740–746.10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70052-3Search in Google Scholar

Hardy, T.A., Beadnall, H.N., Sutton, I.J., Mohamed, A., Jonker, B.P., Buckland, M.E., and Barnett, M.H. (2015). Baló’s concentric sclerosis and tumefactive demyelination: a shared immunopathogenesis? J. Neurol. Sci. 348, 279–281.10.1016/j.jns.2014.11.024Search in Google Scholar

Hardy, T.A., Tobin, W.O., and Lucchinetti, C.F. (2016). Exploring the overlap between multiple sclerosis, tumefactive demyelination and Baló’s concentric sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 22, 986–992.10.1177/1352458516641776Search in Google Scholar

Hardy, T.A., Corboy, J.R., and Weinshenker, B.G. (2017). Baló concentric sclerosis evolving from apparent tumefactive demyelination. Neurology 88, 2150–2152.10.1212/WNL.0000000000003990Search in Google Scholar

Hickey, W.F. (1999). The pathology of multiple sclerosis: a historical perspective. J. Neuroimmunol. 98, 37–44.10.1016/S0165-5728(99)00079-XSearch in Google Scholar

Karaarslan, E., Altintas, A., Senol, U., Yeni, N., Dincer, A., Bayindir, C., Karaagac, N., and Siva, A. (2001). Baló’s concentric sclerosis: clinical and radiologic features of five cases. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 22, 1362–1367.Search in Google Scholar

Kastrup, O., Stude, P., and Limmroth, V. (2002). Balo’s concentric sclerosis. J. Neurol. 249, 811–814.10.1007/s00415-002-0718-0Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Kim, M.O., Lee, S.A., Choi, C.G., Huh, J.R., and Lee, M.C. (1997). Balo’s concentric sclerosis: a clinical case study of brain MRI, biopsy, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic findings. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 62, 655–658.10.1136/jnnp.62.6.655Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Kira, J.-I. (2011). Astrocytopathy in Balo’s disease. Mult. Scler. 17, 771–779.10.1177/1352458511400475Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Kreft, K.L., Mellema, S.J., and Hintzen, R.Q. (2009). Spinal cord involvement in Balo’s concentric sclerosis. J. Neurol. Sci. 279, 114–117.10.1016/j.jns.2008.12.030Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Lassmann, H. (2008). The pathologic substrate of magnetic resonance alterations in multiple sclerosis. Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. 18, 563–576.10.1016/j.nic.2008.06.005Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Lassmann, H., Brück, W., and Lucchinetti, C.F. (2007). The immunopathology of multiple sclerosis: an overview. Brain Pathol. 17, 210–218.10.1111/j.1750-3639.2007.00064.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Long, L., Song, Y., Xu, L., and Xiao, B. (2015). Levamisole-induced leukoencephalopathy mimicking Baló disease. Neurology 84, 328–328.10.1212/WNL.0000000000001150Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Ludwin, S.K. (2006). The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: relating human pathology to experimental studies. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 65, 305–318.10.1097/01.jnen.0000225024.12074.80Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Mahad, D., Ziabreva, I., Lassmann, H., and Turnbull, D. (2008). Mitochondrial defects in acute multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain 131, 1722–1735.10.1093/brain/awn105Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Masaki, K. (2015). Early disruption of glial communication via connexin gap junction in multiple sclerosis, Balo’s disease and neuromyelitis optica. Neuropathology 35, 469–480.10.1111/neup.12211Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Moore, G., Neumann, P.E., Suzuki, K., Lijtmaer, H.N., Traugott, U., and Raine, C.S. (1985). Balo’s concentric sclerosis: new observations on lesion development. Ann. Neurol. 17, 604–611.10.1002/ana.410170614Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Moore, G.R., Berry, K., Oger, J.J., Prout, A.J., Graeb, D., and Nugent, R. (2001). Balo’s concentric sclerosis: surviving normal myelin in a patient with a relapsing-remitting clinical course. Mult. Scler. 7, 375–382.Search in Google Scholar

Morioka, C., Nameta, K., Komatsu, Y., Tsutio, T., and Kondo, H. (1996). Higher cerebral dysfunction in a case with atypical multiple sclerosis with concentric lesions. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 50, 41–44.10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb01661.xSearch in Google Scholar

Morrissey, M., Ciorciari, A.J., and Cunningham, S.J. (2016). A 17-year-old girl with acute onset of hemiparesis. Pediatr. Emerg. Care. 32, 388–389.10.1097/PEC.0000000000000434Search in Google Scholar

Mowry, E.M., Woo, J.H., and Ances, B.M. (2007). Technology Insight: can neuroimaging provide insights into the role of ischemia in Baló’s concentric sclerosis? Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol. 3, 341–348.10.1038/ncpneuro0519Search in Google Scholar

Nader, K.J., Andrade, M.M.L., Peñaherrera, C., Fernández, D.L.Y., and Lavenant, B.M. (2016). Early diagnosis of Balo’s concentric sclerosis by diffusion tensor tractography: a case report and literature review. Medwave 16, e6402–e6402.10.5867/medwave.2016.02.6402Search in Google Scholar

Nandini, M., Gourie-Devi, M., Shankar, S., Mustare, V., and Ravi, V. (1993). Balo’s concentric sclerosis diagnosed intravitam on brain biopsy. Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 95, 303–309.10.1016/0303-8467(93)90106-QSearch in Google Scholar

Ness, J., Chabas, D., Sadovnick, A., Pohl, D., Banwell, B., Weinstock-Guttman, B., and Group, I.P.M.S. (2007). Clinical features of children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 68, S37–S45.10.1212/01.wnl.0000259447.77476.a9Search in Google Scholar

Park-Wyllie, L., Mazzotta, P., Pastuszak, A., Moretti, M.E., Beique, L., Hunnisett, L., Friesen, M.H., Jacobson, S., Kasapinovic, S., and Chang, D. (2000). Birth defects after maternal exposure to corticosteroids: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Teratology 62, 385–392.10.1002/1096-9926(200012)62:6<385::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-ZSearch in Google Scholar

Pelzers, E., Van Goethem, J., Van den Hauwe, L., Degryse, H., Geens, K., and Parizel, P. (2008). Baló’s concentric sclerosis. J. Belge Radiol. 91, 108.Search in Google Scholar

Pichiecchio, A., Tavazzi, E., Maccabelli, G., Precupanu, C., Romani, A., Roccatagliata, L., Luccichenti, G., Bergamaschi, R., and Bastianello, S. (2009). What insights have new imaging techniques given into aggressive forms of MS – different forms of MS or different from MS? Mult. Scler. 15, 285–293.10.1177/1352458508098561Search in Google Scholar

Pietroboni, A.M., Arighi, A., Milena, A., Ghezzi, L., Calvi, A., Avignone, S., Scola, E., Galimberti, D., Triulzi, F., and Scarpini, E. (2015). Balò’s concentric sclerosis: still to be considered as a variant of multiple sclerosis? Neurol. Sci. 36, 2277–2280.10.1007/s10072-015-2297-8Search in Google Scholar

Pique, J., Bonneville, F., Brassat, D., Peaureaux, D., Benaiteau, M., Dumas, H., Fabre, N., Clanet, M., and Biotti, D. (2015). Peripheral late reactivation of a previously typical monofocal Baló’s concentric sclerosis lesion. Mult. Scler. 21, 1080–1083.10.1177/1352458515586087Search in Google Scholar

Pohl, D., Rostasy, K., Krone, B., and Hanefeld, F. (2005). Balo’s concentric sclerosis associated with primary human herpes virus 6 infection. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 76, 1723–1725.10.1136/jnnp.2004.062331Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Pohl, D., Waubant, E., Banwell, B., Chabas, D., Chitnis, T., Weinstock-Guttman, B., Tenembaum, S., and Group, I.P.M.S. (2007). Treatment of pediatric multiple sclerosis and variants. Neurology 68, S54–S65.10.1212/01.wnl.0000259407.40023.abSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Purohit, B., Ganewatte, E., Schreiner, B., and Kollias, S. (2015). Balo’s concentric sclerosis with acute presentation and co-existing multiple sclerosis-typical lesions on MRI. Case Rep. Neurol. 7, 44–50.10.1159/000380813Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Rejdak, K., Jackson, S., and Giovannoni, G. (2010). Multiple sclerosis: a practical overview for clinicians. Br. Med. Bull. 95, 79–104.10.1093/bmb/ldq017Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Ripellino, P., Khonsari, R., Stecco, A., Filippi, M., Perchinunno, M., and Cantello, R. (2016). Clues on Balo’s concentric sclerosis evolution from serial analysis of ADC values. Int. J. Neurosci. 126, 88–95.10.3109/00207454.2014.989524Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Roncaroli, F. and Campus, C.C. (2005). Neuropathology of multiple sclerosis. Adv. Clin. Neurosci. Rehabil. 5, 16–22.Search in Google Scholar

Rovira, Á., Auger, C., and Rovira, A. (2016). Other noninfectious inflammatory disorders. Handb. Clin. Neurol. 135, 425–446.10.1016/B978-0-444-53485-9.00021-0Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Sekijima, Y., Tokuda, T., Hashimoto, T., Koh, C., Shoji, S., and Yanagisawa, N. (1997). Serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of a patient with Balo’s concentric sclerosis treated with immunoadsorption plasmapheresis. Mult. Scler. 2, 291–294.10.1177/135245859700200605Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Simon, J.H. and Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B.K. (2008). Variants of multiple sclerosis. Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. 18, 703–716.10.1007/3-540-27644-0_16Search in Google Scholar

Son, Y.-R., Yang, H., Lee, S., Kim, J.-Y., Han, S.G., and Park, K.S. (2015). Balo’s concentric sclerosis mimicking cerebral tuberculoma. Exp. Neurobiol. 24, 169–172.10.5607/en.2015.24.2.169Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Spaander, F., Vink, T., Natté, R., and de Bruijn, S. (2014). Onion-shaped white matter disease? Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 126, 123.10.1016/j.clineuro.2014.08.024Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Stadelmann, C., Ludwin, S., Tabira, T., Guseo, A., Lucchinetti, C.F., Leel-Össy, L., Ordinario, A.T., Brück, W., and Lassmann, H. (2005). Tissue preconditioning may explain concentric lesions in Balo’s type of multiple sclerosis. Brain 128, 979–987.10.1093/brain/awh457Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Takai, Y., Misu, T., Nishiyama, S., Ono, H., Kuroda, H., Nakashima, I., Saito, R., Kanamori, M., Sonoda, Y., and Kumabe, T. (2016). Hypoxia-like tissue injury and glial response contribute to Balo concentric lesion development. Neurology 87, 2000–2005.10.1212/WNL.0000000000003308Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Tso, A.-C., Tsao, W.-L., Chen, C.-Y., Yang, C.-F., and Peng, G.-S. (2015). Combination treatment of interferon β-1b and warfarin for a patient with Baló’s concentric sclerosis and antiphospholipid syndrome. Neurologist 19, 46–48.10.1097/NRL.0000000000000002Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Vedrenne, N., Sarrazy, V., Richard, L., Bordeau, N., Battu, S., Billet, F., and Desmoulière, A. (2017). Isolation of astrocytes displaying myofibroblast properties and present in multiple sclerosis lesions. Neurochem. Res. 42, 2427–2434.10.1007/s11064-017-2268-ySearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Wang, C., Zhang, K.-N., Wu, X.-M., Huang, G., Xie, X.-F., Qu, X.-H., and Xiong, Y.-Q. (2008). Balo’s disease showing benign clinical course and co-existence with multiple sclerosis-like lesions in Chinese. Mult. Scler. 14, 418–424.10.1177/1352458507084036Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Wiendl, H., Weissert, R., Herrlinger, U., Krapf, H., and Küker, W. (2005). Diffusion abnormality in Balo’s concentric sclerosis: clues for the pathogenesis. Eur. Neurol. 53, 42–44.10.1159/000084264Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Yao, D.L., Hudson, L.D., Brenner, M., Liu, D.S., Escobar, A.I., and Komoly, S. (1994). Concentric sclerosis (Balo): morphometric and in situ hybridization study of lesions in six patients. Ann. Neurol. 35, 18–30.10.1002/ana.410350105Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Zeng, C., Xiong, J., Li, Y., Ouyang, Y., Lv, F., Rumzan, R., and Ouyang, Z. (2014). Enhanced T 2 FNx01 weighted angiography imaging and 3-D time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics findings in Balo′ s concentric sclerosis. Neurol. India 62, 304.Search in Google Scholar