Abstract
Unlike any other species, humans frequently engage in altruistic behaviors by which they increase another individual’s welfare even if this implies personal costs. The psychological motives underlying altruistic behaviors remain diverse, ranging from the ability to reciprocate trust and cooperation to bonding and empathizing with family members or even genetically unrelated others. This article explores the neuroendocrine architecture of altruism by emphasizing the crucial role of the evolutionarily highly conserved peptide hormone oxytocin as a modulator of cooperative behaviors including empathy-driven altruism. However, accumulating evidence suggests that oxytocin does not invariably facilitate cooperation but also produces protective or even defensive-aggressive responses in specific social contexts. In addition, we highlight the relevance of message frames as critical determinants of whether the peptide promotes altruism toward prosocial ends.
Acknowledgments
This work was partially supported by a German Research Foundation (DFG) grant (BE 5465/2-1) to RH. The authors thank Johannes Schultz for his comments on an early draft of this manuscript and Alexandra Patin for proofreading the manuscript. They report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.
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©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Deciphering the modulatory role of oxytocin in human altruism
- How neuroscience can inform the study of individual differences in cognitive abilities
- Biogenetic and morphofunctional heterogeneity of mitochondria: the case of synaptic mitochondria
- Long non-coding RNAs: potential molecular biomarkers for gliomas diagnosis and prognosis
- Defensive reflexes in people with pain – a biomarker of the need to protect? A meta-analytical systematic review
- Blood-brain barrier-supported neurogenesis in healthy and diseased brain
- Mathematics, anxiety, and the brain
- Integrating neurobiology of emotion regulation and trauma therapy: reflections on EMDR therapy
- The potential of transcranial photobiomodulation therapy for treatment of major depressive disorder
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Deciphering the modulatory role of oxytocin in human altruism
- How neuroscience can inform the study of individual differences in cognitive abilities
- Biogenetic and morphofunctional heterogeneity of mitochondria: the case of synaptic mitochondria
- Long non-coding RNAs: potential molecular biomarkers for gliomas diagnosis and prognosis
- Defensive reflexes in people with pain – a biomarker of the need to protect? A meta-analytical systematic review
- Blood-brain barrier-supported neurogenesis in healthy and diseased brain
- Mathematics, anxiety, and the brain
- Integrating neurobiology of emotion regulation and trauma therapy: reflections on EMDR therapy
- The potential of transcranial photobiomodulation therapy for treatment of major depressive disorder