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Health effects of air pollutant mixtures (volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, sulfur and nitrogen oxides) – a review of the literature

  • Emese Fazakas , Iulia A. Neamtiu ORCID logo EMAIL logo and Eugen S. Gurzau
Published/Copyright: March 20, 2023

Abstract

The health risks associated with individual air pollutant exposures have been studied and documented, but in real-life, the population is exposed to a multitude of different substances, designated as mixtures. A body of literature on air pollutants indicated that the next step in air pollution research is investigating pollutant mixtures and their potential impacts on health, as a risk assessment of individual air pollutants may actually underestimate the overall risks. This review aims to synthesize the health effects related to air pollutant mixtures containing selected pollutants such as: volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, sulfur and nitrogen oxides. For this review, the PubMed database was used to search for articles published within the last decade, and we included studies assessing the associations between air pollutant mixtures and health effects. The literature search was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A number of 110 studies were included in the review from which data on pollutant mixtures, health effects, methods used, and primary results were extracted. Our review emphasized that there are a relatively small number of studies addressing the health effects of air pollutants as mixtures and there is a gap in knowledge regarding the health effects associated with these mixtures. Studying the health effects of air pollutant mixtures is challenging due to the complexity of components that mixtures may contain, and the possible interactions these different components may have.


Corresponding author: Assoc. Prof. Iulia A. Neamtiu, Health Department, Environmental Health Center, 58 Busuiocului Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; and Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Phone: +40264432979, Fax: +40264534404, E-mail:

  1. Research funding: None declared.

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  5. Ethical approval: Not applicable.

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Received: 2022-12-15
Accepted: 2023-02-24
Published Online: 2023-03-20
Published in Print: 2024-09-25

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. E-waste in Vietnam: a narrative review of environmental contaminants and potential health risks
  4. Knowledge mapping and research trends of the social determinants of health (SDoH): a scientometric analysis
  5. Hospital wastewater treatment methods and its impact on human health and environments
  6. Associated health risk assessment due to exposure to BTEX compounds in fuel station workers
  7. Associations between fine particulate matter and colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  8. Health effects of air pollutant mixtures (volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, sulfur and nitrogen oxides) – a review of the literature
  9. Status and frontier analysis of indoor PM2.5-related health effects: a bibliometric analysis
  10. Relationship between parental exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and primarily hematopoietic neoplasms (lymphoma, leukemia) and tumors in the central nervous system in children: a systematic review
  11. Blood and hair copper levels in childhood autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis based on case-control studies
  12. Cellular and molecular effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields
  13. Benzo (a) pyrene in infant foods: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment
  14. Relationship between exposure to heavy metals on the increased health risk and carcinogenicity of urinary tract (kidney and bladder)
  15. The nexus between economic growth, health expenditure, environmental quality: a comparative study for E7 countries
  16. Potentially toxic elements in the environment – a review of sources, sinks, pathways and mitigation measures
  17. Assessment of medical waste generation rate in Viet Nam
  18. A scoping review of waterborne and water-related disease in the Florida environment from 1999 to 2022
  19. Effects of man-made electromagnetic fields on heart rate variability parameters of general public: a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies
  20. Letter to the Editor
  21. Environmental perspectives of monkeypox virus: correspondence
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