Abstract
Environmental pharmacology is the knowledge, study and the methods implemented for amalgamating the presence of pharmaceutical products and their metabolites in the environment. Pharmaceutical and house care products and their metabolites gain access to the environment through various means and affect the flora and fauna and modulate the ecosystem. The effect on wildlife, biofilms and human are being studied to gain knowledge of sources and causations. Potential risks of development of acute and chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity, interference with hormone and immune systems and drug resistance are of major concern. They may alter the genome and can affect future generations leaving them vulnerable to disease. There are regulations in good manufacturing practices and disposal which take into account the environmental risks but the knowledge for stakeholders and their implementation is very restricted. Ecopharmacology and ecopharmacovigilance are propagators of green healthcare. A strategy towards human health risk assessment and ecotoxicological hazard evaluation must be developed and risk minimization measures to be sought for and applied.
Research funding: Authors state no funding involved.
Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.
Informed consent: Informed consent is not applicable.
Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.
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©2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Climate change, extreme rainfall events, drinking water and enteric disease
- Review Articles
- The roles of radio-functional natural chemicals for the development of cancer radiation therapy
- The “Moscow signal” epidemiological study, 40 years on
- Sources of lead exposure in various countries
- Exposure to environmental toxicants and young children’s cognitive and social development
- Lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol: an overview on pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation processes
- Environmental pharmacology: source, impact and solution
- Mini Reviews
- An overview of health hazards of volatile organic compounds regulated as indoor air pollutants
- Microalgae to biofuels production: a review on cultivation, application and renewable energy
- Letter to the Editor
- Authors’ Reply to Drießen’s Letter to the Editor on “A novel database of bio-effects from non-ionizing radiation”
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Climate change, extreme rainfall events, drinking water and enteric disease
- Review Articles
- The roles of radio-functional natural chemicals for the development of cancer radiation therapy
- The “Moscow signal” epidemiological study, 40 years on
- Sources of lead exposure in various countries
- Exposure to environmental toxicants and young children’s cognitive and social development
- Lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol: an overview on pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation processes
- Environmental pharmacology: source, impact and solution
- Mini Reviews
- An overview of health hazards of volatile organic compounds regulated as indoor air pollutants
- Microalgae to biofuels production: a review on cultivation, application and renewable energy
- Letter to the Editor
- Authors’ Reply to Drießen’s Letter to the Editor on “A novel database of bio-effects from non-ionizing radiation”