Analysis of Two Different Inks and Application Techniques on Palm Leaf Manuscripts Through Non-Invasive Analysis
-
Chen Yu
und
Xin Song
Abstract
Influenced by the spreading route of Buddhism, palm leaf manuscripts in China are mostly distributed in Yunnan province and Tibet. The ink of palm leaf manuscripts from Yunnan province is left in the incisions, while the ink of palm leaf manuscripts from Tibet is written on the surface. The two inks have different compositions and application techniques, which may lead to varying degrees of flaking and ink loss. Application technique and ink composition are crucial for conservation measures. In this study, non-destructive analysis techniques including a portable digital microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were undertaken to analyse the characteristics and preservation condition of inks applied with different techniques on palm leaf manuscripts. Morphologies indicated that the interaction of ink and support influence the type and extent of ink loss. FTIR and XRF results showed significant differences in ink composition between incised palm leaf manuscripts from Yunnan and surface-written manuscripts from Tibet. Manuscripts from different periods within the same region exhibited similarities in ink composition. This paper significantly contributes to understanding properties of inks, offering an essential reference for ink consolidation.
Zusammenfassung
Durch die Verbreitung des Buddhismus sind Palmblattmanuskripte in China vor allem in der Provinz Yunnan und in Tibet verbreitet. In der Provinz Yunnan werden die Buchstaben vor dem Beschreiben mit einem scharfen Werkzeug in das das Palmplatt eingeritzt und dann erst in Tusche ausgeführt, so dass die Tusche in den eingeritzten Linien liegt, während bei Palmblattmanuskripten aus Tibet die Tusche auf der Oberfläche aufliegt. Die beiden Tuschen wurden nicht nur unterschiedlich appliziert, sondern weisen auch eine unterschiedliche Zusammensetzung auf, was zu unterschiedlichen Schadensphänomenen führen kann. Die Zusammensetzung der Tuschen ist dabei entscheidend für mögliche Restaurierungsmaßnahmen. In dieser Studie wurden zerstörungsfreie Analyseverfahren, einschließlich eines tragbaren Digitalmikroskops, Fourier-Transformations-Infrarotspektroskopie (FTIR) und Röntgenfluoreszenz (RFA) eingesetzt, um die Eigenschaften und den Erhaltungszustand von Tuschen auf den unterschiedlichen Palmblattmanuskripten zu analysieren. Die Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, dass Art und Ausmaß von Abblättern der Tusche durch eine Kombination von Zusammensetzung der Tusche und Eigenschaften des Trägers beeinflusst werden. Die FTIR- und RFA-Ergebnisse zeigten signifikante Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung von Tuschen in eingeritzten Manuskripten aus Yunnan und oberflächengeschriebenen Manuskripten aus Tibet. Manuskripte aus verschiedenen Zeitaltern innerhalb derselben Region wiesen Ähnlichkeiten in der Tuschezusammensetzung auf. Diese Arbeit leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Wissen über die Zusammensetzung und Applikationstechniken von Tuschen auf Palmblattmanuskripten und bietet damit eine Referenz für langfristige Erhaltungsstrategien.
Funding source: The National Key R&D Program of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2022YFF0903903
Material sources
Portable digital microscope (Dino-Lite AM4115T)
Anpeng Technology Co., Ltd., Taiwan, China
Handheld Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Agilent 4300)
Agilent Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
Handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (TrueX 980S)
Langsheng Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Editorial
- Preface
- Editorial
- Original Works
- Treating Brown Inks: Investigation into the Effects of Aqueous Treatment Methods on the Colour Stability of Bister, Sepia, Iron Gall and Logwood Inks
- Characterization of Historical and Modern Leathers Using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and Thermal Techniques
- Material Characterisation of 19–20th Century Manuscripts from Northern Thailand
- Review
- Proteomics to Study Parchment Degradation – From Bulk to Spatial Analysis
- Original Works
- The Dagulf Psalter (Austrian National Library Cod. 1861): A Multi-Analytical Approach to Study Inks, Dyes, and Pigments of this Early Carolingian Manuscript
- Copper Complexes in Verdigris Painting Mixtures: An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Characterization
- Restoration of the Information on De-colourized Architectural Cyanotypes
- Study on the Material Properties and Deterioration Mechanism of Palm Leaves
- Analysis of Two Different Inks and Application Techniques on Palm Leaf Manuscripts Through Non-Invasive Analysis
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Editorial
- Preface
- Editorial
- Original Works
- Treating Brown Inks: Investigation into the Effects of Aqueous Treatment Methods on the Colour Stability of Bister, Sepia, Iron Gall and Logwood Inks
- Characterization of Historical and Modern Leathers Using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and Thermal Techniques
- Material Characterisation of 19–20th Century Manuscripts from Northern Thailand
- Review
- Proteomics to Study Parchment Degradation – From Bulk to Spatial Analysis
- Original Works
- The Dagulf Psalter (Austrian National Library Cod. 1861): A Multi-Analytical Approach to Study Inks, Dyes, and Pigments of this Early Carolingian Manuscript
- Copper Complexes in Verdigris Painting Mixtures: An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Characterization
- Restoration of the Information on De-colourized Architectural Cyanotypes
- Study on the Material Properties and Deterioration Mechanism of Palm Leaves
- Analysis of Two Different Inks and Application Techniques on Palm Leaf Manuscripts Through Non-Invasive Analysis
