Stone Consolidation by Bacterial Carbonatogenesis: Evaluation of in situ Applications
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Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro
,
Fadwa Jroundi
Abstract
Precipitation of calcium carbonate minerals by bacteria, the so-called bacterial carbonatogenesis, is a promising method for the consolidation of decayed stone. Despite extensive laboratory testing that has demonstrated the efficacy of this method, little is, however, known regarding the medium- and/or long-term performance of this bacterial conservation treatment once applied in situ, on stone buildings. Here, we report on the evaluation of the performance of bacterial consolidation treatments applied in three different historical buildings placed in an urban environment and built using a highly porous, easily decayed calcarenite stone. Peeling tape tests show a significant long-lasting (up to four years) strength improvement following treatment with either a Myxococcus xanthus bacterial culture or a sterile nutritional solution that selectively activates the carbonatogenic bacteria inhabiting the stone. Total color changes, measured before and after treatment using a spectrophotometer, are systematically below the acceptable value of ΔE ≤ 5. Culture-dependent analysis of the microbiota shows that 100% of the culturable bacteria collected before and after treatment is carbonatogenic, and the total count of fungi spores remains constant or diminishes, while the population of acid-producing bacteria decreases over time after treatment application. Culture-independent microbial analyses show that no deleterious microbiota develops after treatment, being carbonate-producing Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria the most abundant phyla both before and after treatment. Overall these results show that the in situ application of the bacterial consolidation method shows no detrimental side effects and is highly effective in the medium- and long-term.
Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by the Spanish Government (Grant CGL2012-35992), the Junta de Andalucía (Research Groups RNM-179 and BIO-103, and Projects P11-RNM-7550 and P08-RNM-3943), and the Instituto FCICOP de Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales (ICON-FCICOP). We thank the Centro de Instrumentación Científica (CIC; University of Granada) for assistance with SEM-EDS analyses. We thank E. Ruiz-Agudo for her help with the mapping of lithotypes and weathering forms of the Hospital Real, and J. Gallego Roca for kindly providing the blueprints of this building. We also thank the personnel of Tarma S.L. for their help during treatments application at the Capilla Real.
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©2015 by Birkhäuser Verlag
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial Note
- The Relevance of Maintenance and Monitoring in Architectural Conservation
- Stone Consolidation by Bacterial Carbonatogenesis: Evaluation of in situ Applications
- Subjective Sensation of Color Differences – Determination of Thresholds Depending on Color Tones and Resolution
- Consolidation and Strengthening of Historical Masonry by Means of Mineral Grouts: Grout Development
- Consolidation and Strengthening of Historical Masonry by Means of Mineral Grouts: Modeling Structural Behavior of Grouted Three-Leaf Masonry
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial Note
- The Relevance of Maintenance and Monitoring in Architectural Conservation
- Stone Consolidation by Bacterial Carbonatogenesis: Evaluation of in situ Applications
- Subjective Sensation of Color Differences – Determination of Thresholds Depending on Color Tones and Resolution
- Consolidation and Strengthening of Historical Masonry by Means of Mineral Grouts: Grout Development
- Consolidation and Strengthening of Historical Masonry by Means of Mineral Grouts: Modeling Structural Behavior of Grouted Three-Leaf Masonry
