Home Physical Sciences Utilization of electron beam irradiated carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/banana peels composite film for remediation of dyes from wastewater
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Utilization of electron beam irradiated carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/banana peels composite film for remediation of dyes from wastewater

  • Yasser H. Gad ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Nehad A. Ahmed and Khaled F. El-Nemr
Published/Copyright: May 15, 2023
Radiochimica Acta
From the journal Radiochimica Acta Volume 111 Issue 8

Abstract

In this work, polymeric composite films were fabricated utilizing stable, non-toxic, soluble, low-cost, good mechanical, and biocompatible polymers such as CMC and PVA with the waste of one of the most current fruits consumed worldwide banana peel waste (BP) as a filler. Sequences of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/banana peel (CMC/PVA/BP) composite films with various amounts of BP utilizing eco-friendly technique (electron beam) (EB) irradiation were prepared to eliminate common hazardous organic pollutants such as methylene blue (MB) dye from its solutions. Physical characteristics like; swelling and gel % were examined. The chemical structure, thermal stability, and surface morphology were examined utilizing FT-IR, TGA, DSC, XRD, EDX, and SEM. Additionally, the UV/Vis spectroscopy study was investigated to study the impact of the various parameters such as irradiation, contact time, pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration on removal efficiency % of MB dye onto the prepared composite films. The adsorption process fitted with the Langmuir model, pseudo-second-order kinetic model, endothermic, favorable, and spontaneous. The adsorption capacity of MB dye onto the CMC/PVA/BP composite film was 19.6 mg/g at the optimum conditions: irradiation dose = 20 kGy, contact time = 120 min, pH = 10, temperature = 25 °C, adsorbent dosage = 0.1 g and initial conc. = 10 mg/L.

Keywords: banana peel waste; carboxymethyl cellulose; composite film; electron beam irradiation; polyvinyl alcohol; remediation
Corresponding author: Yasser H. Gad, Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt, E-mail:

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: None declared.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

  4. Ethical approval: Not applicable.

  5. Consent to participate: Not applicable.

  6. Consent to publish: All authors approved the publication.

  7. Availability of data and materials: The authors declare that all data supporting the findings and materials of this study are available within the paper.

  8. Credit authorship contribution statement: Yasser H. Gad was responsible for the conception and design, analysis and data interpretation, testing, data acquisition, writing – review, and editing. Nehad A. Ahmed was responsible for analysis and data interpretation, validation, data curation, and writing – a review. Khaled F. El-Nemr was responsible for preparation and data interpretation. All authors read, revise, and approved the final manuscript.

References

1. Bello, K., Sarojini, B. K., Narayana, B., Rao, A., Byrappa, K. A study on adsorption behavior of newly synthesized banana pseudo-stem derived superabsorbent hydrogels for cationic and anionic dye removal from effluents. Carbohydrate Polym. 2018, 181, 605–615; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.106.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

2. Kabir, S. M. F. Waste Management by Waste: Removal of Acid Dyes from Wastewaters of Textile Coloration Using Fish Scales; Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College: Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 2018.Search in Google Scholar

3. Naushad, M., Ahamad, T., AlOthman, Z. A., Ala’a, H. Green and eco-friendly nanocomposite for the removal of toxic Hg (II) metal ion from aqueous environment: adsorption kinetics & isotherm modelling. J. Mol. Liq. 2019, 279, 1–8; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.01.090.Search in Google Scholar

4. Salehi, E., Daraei, P., Shamsabadi, A. A. A review on chitosan-based adsorptive membranes. Carbohydrate Polym. 2016, 152, 419–432; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.033.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

5. Mallampati, R., Xuanjun, L., Adin, A., Valiyaveettil, S. Fruit peels as efficient renewable adsorbents for removal of dissolved heavy metals and dyes from water. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2015, 3, 1117–1124; https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00207.Search in Google Scholar

6. Mou’ad, A. T., Saraireh, S. A., Chen, R. S., Ahmad, S. H., Al-Tarawni, M. A. M., Yu, L. J. Gamma irradiation influence on mechanical, thermal and conductivity properties of hybrid carbon nanotubes/montmorillonite nanocomposites. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 2021, 179, 109168; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109168.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

7. Craciun, G., Manaila, E., Ighigeanu, D., Stelescu, M. D. A method to improve the characteristics of EPDM rubber based eco-composites with electron beam. Polymers 2020, 12, 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12010215.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

8. Manaila, E., Stelescu, M. D., Craciun, G., Ighigeanu, D. Wood sawdust/natural rubber ecocomposites cross-linked by electron beam irradiation. Materials 2016, 9, 503; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9070503.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

9. van Rijn, P., Tutus, M., Kathrein, C., Zhu, L., Wessling, M., Schwaneberg, U., Böker, A. Challenges and advances in the field of self-assembled membranes. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 6578–6592; https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60125k.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

10. Rossner, A., Snyder, S. A., Knappe, D. R. U. Removal of emerging contaminants of concern by alternative adsorbents. Water Res. 2009, 43, 3787–3796; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.06.009.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

11. Liu, L., Gao, Z. Y., Su, X. P., Chen, X., Jiang, L., Yao, J. M. Adsorption removal of dyes from single and binary solutions using a cellulose-based bioadsorbent. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2015, 3, 432–442; https://doi.org/10.1021/sc500848m.Search in Google Scholar

12. Gautam, R. K., Mudhoo, A., Lofrano, G., Chattopadhyaya, M. C. Biomass-derived biosorbents for metal ions sequestration: adsorbent modification and activation methods and adsorbent regeneration. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2014, 2, 239–259; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.12.019.Search in Google Scholar

13. Yusuf, I., Flagiello, F., Ward, N. I., Arellano-García, H., Avignone-Rossa, C., Felipe-Sotelo, M. Valorisation of banana peels by hydrothermal carbonisation: potential use of the hydrochar and liquid by-product for water purification and energy conversion. Bioresour. Technol. Rep. 2020, 12, 100582; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100582.Search in Google Scholar

14. Fabre, E., Lopes, C. B., Vale, C., Pereira, E., Silva, C. M. Valuation of banana peels as an effective biosorbent for mercury removal under low environmental concentrations. Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 709, 135883; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135883.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

15. Bao, Z., Lu, W. Developing efficient circularity for construction and demolition waste management in fast emerging economies: lessons learned from Shenzhen, China. Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 724, 138264; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138264.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

16. Rathore, P., Sarmah, S. P. Economic, environmental and social optimization of solid waste management in the context of circular economy. Comput. Ind. Eng. 2020, 145, 106510; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2020.106510.Search in Google Scholar

17. Feng, Y., Yang, F., Wang, Y., Ma, L., Wu, Y., Kerr, P. G., Yang, L. Basic dye adsorption onto an agro-based waste material–Sesame hull (Sesamum indicum L.). Bioresour. Technol. 2011, 102, 10280–10285; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.090.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

18. Gad, Y. H., Ali, H. E., Hegazy, A. E.-S. Synergistic effect of titanium dioxide (TiO 2) and ionizing radiation on thermal and mechanical properties of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for potential application in removal of basic dye from wastewater. J. Polym. Environ. 2021, 29, 3887–3899; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-021-02153-y.Search in Google Scholar

19. Ooi, Z. X., Ismail, H., Abu Bakar, A., Aziz, N. A. Effects of jackfruit waste flour on the properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) film. J. Vinyl Addit. Technol. 2011, 17, 198–208; https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.20269.Search in Google Scholar

20. Elbarbary, A. M., Gad, Y. H. Radiation synthesis and characterization of poly (vinyl alcohol)/acrylamide/TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite for removal of metal ion and dye from wastewater. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 2021, 31, 4103–4125; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-021-02029-7.Search in Google Scholar

21. Zhou, C., Yang, S., Liu, J., Yu, M., Zheng, J. Luminescent gold nanoparticles: a new class of nanoprobes for biomedical imaging. Exp. Biol. Med. 2013, 238, 1199–1209; https://doi.org/10.1177/1535370213505825.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

22. Gad, Y. H., Ali, H. E., Hegazy, E.-S. A. Radiation-induced improving mechanical and thermal properties of carboxymethyl cellulose/clay composite for application in removal of copper (II) ions from wastewater. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 2021, 31, 2083–2094; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01850-w.Search in Google Scholar

23. Li, X., Li, Y., Zhang, S., Ye, Z. Preparation and characterization of new foam adsorbents of poly (vinyl alcohol)/chitosan composites and their removal for dye and heavy metal from aqueous solution. Chem. Eng. J. 2012, 183, 88–97; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.12.025.Search in Google Scholar

24. Arıca, M. Y., Bayramoğlu, G. Cr (VI) biosorption from aqueous solutions using free and immobilized biomass of Lentinus sajor-caju: preparation and kinetic characterization. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 2005, 253, 203–211; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.11.012.Search in Google Scholar

25. Pereira, P. H. F., Carvalho Benini, K. C. C., Watashi, C. Y., Voorwald, H. J. C., Cioffi, M. O. H. Characterization of high density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with banana peel fibers. BioResources 2013, 8, 2351–2365.10.15376/biores.8.2.2351-2365Search in Google Scholar

26. El‐Nemr, K. F., Ali, M. A., Gad, Y. H. Manifestation of the silicate filler additives and electron beam irradiation on properties of SBR/devulcanized waste tire rubber composites for floor tiles applications. Polym. Compos. 2022, 43, 366–377; https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.26381.Search in Google Scholar

27. El‐Nemr, K. F., Ali, M. A., Gad, Y. H., Gabr, E. M. Newsprint microcrystalline fibers reinforced styrene butadiene rubber as a low thermal conducting material: effect of electron beam irradiation and fiber content. Polym. Eng. Sci. 2022, 62, 1907–1917; https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.25974.Search in Google Scholar

28. Igwegbe, C. A., Ighalo, J. O., Onukwuli, O. D., Obiora-Okafo, I. A., Anastopoulos, I. Coagulation-flocculation of aquaculture wastewater using green coagulant from Garcinia kola seeds: parametric studies, kinetic modelling and cost analysis. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9177; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169177.Search in Google Scholar

29. Ho, Y.-S., McKay, G. Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes. Process Biochem. 1999, 34, 451–465; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0032-9592(98)00112-5.Search in Google Scholar

30. Ali, H. E., Nasef, S. M., Gad, Y. H. Remediation of Astrazon blue and Lerui acid brilliant blue dyes from waste solutions using amphoteric superparamagnetic nanocomposite hydrogels based on chitosan prepared by gamma rays. Carbohydr. Polym. 2022, 283, 119149; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119149.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

31. Sadeghi, M. Synthesis of a biocopolymer carrageenan-g-poly (AAm-co-IA)/montmorilonite superabsorbent hydrogel composite. Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 2012, 29, 295–305; https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-66322012000200010.Search in Google Scholar

32. Kamsonlian, S., Suresh, S., Majumder, C. B., Chand, S. Characterization of banana and orange peels: biosorption mechanism. Int. J. Serv. Sci. Manag. Eng. Technol. 2011, 2, 1–7.Search in Google Scholar

33. El-Din, G. A., Amer, A. A., Malsh, G., Hussein, M. Study on the use of banana peels for oil spill removal. Alex. Eng. J. 2018, 57, 2061–2068; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.05.020.Search in Google Scholar

34. Aliyu, U. M., El-Nafaty, U. A., Muhammad, I. M. Oil removal from crude oil polluted water using banana peel as sorbent in a packed column. J. Nat. Sci. Res. 2015, 5, 157–162.Search in Google Scholar

35. Abdel-Ghaffar, A. M., Ali, H. E. Effect of gamma radiation on the properties of novel polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose/citric acid/glycerol bioblend film. Polym. Bull. 2022, 79, 5105–5119; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03762-2.Search in Google Scholar

36. Kumar, B., Negi, Y. S. Water absorption and viscosity behaviour of thermally stable novel graft copolymer of carboxymethyl cellulose and poly (sodium 1-hydroxy acrylate). Carbohydrate Polym. 2018, 181, 862–870; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.066.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

37. Gao, Z., Yu, Z., Huang, C., Duan, L., Gao, G. H. Carboxymethyl cellulose reinforced poly (vinyl alcohol) with trimethylol melamine as a chemical crosslinker. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134; https://doi.org/10.1002/app.44590.Search in Google Scholar

38. Kumar, B., Negi, Y. S. To investigate the effect of ester-linkage on the properties of polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose based hydrogel. Mater. Lett. 2019, 252, 308–312; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.05.118.Search in Google Scholar

39. Li, Z., Guo, K., Lin, L., He, W., Zhang, L., Wei, C. Comparison of physicochemical properties of starches from flesh and peel of green banana fruit. Molecules 2018, 23, 2312; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092312.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

40. Nautiyal, P., Subramanian, K. A., Dastidar, M. G. Adsorptive removal of dye using biochar derived from residual algae after in-situ transesterification: alternate use of waste of biodiesel industry. J. Environ. Manag. 2016, 182, 187–197; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.063.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

41. Husin, H., Asnawi, T. M., Firdaus, A., Husaini, H., Ibrahim, I., Hasfita, F. Solid Catalyst Nanoparticles Derived from Oil-Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OP-EFB) as a Renewable Catalyst for Biodiesel Production; IOP Publishing: Putrajaya, Malaysia, 2018.10.1088/1757-899X/358/1/012008Search in Google Scholar

42. Hong, K. H., Oh, K. W., Kang, T. J. Preparation of conducting nylon‐6 electrospun fiber webs by the in situ polymerization of polyaniline. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2005, 96, 983–991; https://doi.org/10.1002/app.21002.Search in Google Scholar

43. Nguyen, T. S., Huynh, K. P. H., Chau, N. D. Q. Fabrication of cellulose aerogel from waste paper and banana peel for water treatment. Chem. Eng. Trans. 2022, 97, 337–342.Search in Google Scholar

44. Abou Taleb, M. F., Abd El-Mohdy, H. L., Abd El-Rehim, H. A. Radiation preparation of PVA/CMC copolymers and their application in removal of dyes. J. Hazard Mater. 2009, 168, 68–75; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.001.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

45. Turan Beyli, P., Doğan, M., Alkan, M., Türkyılmaz, A., Turhan, Y., Demirbaş, Ö., Namli, H. Characterization, adsorption, and electrokinetic properties of modified sepiolite. Desalination Water Treat. 2016, 57, 19248–19261; https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1102773.Search in Google Scholar

46. Gad, Y. H., Nasef, S. M. Radiation synthesis of graphene oxide/composite hydrogels and their ability for potential dye adsorption from wastewater. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2021, 138, 51220; https://doi.org/10.1002/app.51220.Search in Google Scholar

47. Maheshwari, U., Thakur, R. V., Deshpande, D., Ghodke, S. Efficiency evaluation of orange and banana peels for dye removal from synthetic industrial effluent. Mater. Today: Proc. 2022, 76, 170–176; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.023.Search in Google Scholar

48. Anita, S., Hanifah, T. A., Kartika, G. F., Yanti, P. H. Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange Dyes Removal Using Low-Cost Composite of Banana Peel-TiO2 Adsorbent; IOP Publishing, 2021.10.1088/1742-6596/1819/1/012060Search in Google Scholar

49. Akpomie, K. G., Conradie, J. Efficient synthesis of magnetic nanoparticle-Musa acuminata peel composite for the adsorption of anionic dye. Arab. J. Chem. 2020, 13, 7115–7131; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.07.017.Search in Google Scholar

50. Kapoor, R. T., Rafatullah, M., Siddiqui, M. R., Khan, M. A., Sillanpää, M. Removal of reactive black 5 dye by banana peel biochar and evaluation of its phytotoxicity on tomato. Sustainability 2022, 14, 4176; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074176.Search in Google Scholar

51. Çatlıoğlu, F., Akay, S., Turunç, E., Gözmen, B., Anastopoulos, I., Kayan, B., Kalderis, D. Preparation and application of Fe-modified banana peel in the adsorption of methylene blue: process optimization using response surface methodology. Environ. Nanotechnol. Monit. Manag. 2021, 16, 100517; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2021.100517.Search in Google Scholar
Received: 2023-03-02
Accepted: 2023-04-27
Published Online: 2023-05-15
Published in Print: 2023-08-28

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Original Papers
  3. Incomplete fusion reaction producing Pa nuclides in the 232Th + 7Li reaction
  4. First investigations on a CHON UNEX process
  5. Effect of bis(methylimidazolium) ionic liquid on the extraction of actinides and lanthanides with bis(carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide) extractant from nitric acid solutions
  6. Challenges in correlating oxygen stable isotope ratios of hydrates on uranium ore concentrates to process waters
  7. Fabrication of pyrite-zero nickel composites for efficient removal of Se(IV) from aqueous solution
  8. Analytical chemistry of some trace elements in Tamarix gallica L. using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA)
  9. Utilization of electron beam irradiated carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/banana peels composite film for remediation of dyes from wastewater
https://doi.org/10.1515/ract-2023-0147
Keywords for this article
banana peel waste; carboxymethyl cellulose; composite film; electron beam irradiation; polyvinyl alcohol; remediation

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Original Papers
  3. Incomplete fusion reaction producing Pa nuclides in the 232Th + 7Li reaction
  4. First investigations on a CHON UNEX process
  5. Effect of bis(methylimidazolium) ionic liquid on the extraction of actinides and lanthanides with bis(carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide) extractant from nitric acid solutions
  6. Challenges in correlating oxygen stable isotope ratios of hydrates on uranium ore concentrates to process waters
  7. Fabrication of pyrite-zero nickel composites for efficient removal of Se(IV) from aqueous solution
  8. Analytical chemistry of some trace elements in Tamarix gallica L. using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA)
  9. Utilization of electron beam irradiated carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/banana peels composite film for remediation of dyes from wastewater
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Winner of the OpenAthens UX Award 2026
Winner of the OpenAthens UX Award 2026
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2026 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 16.3.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/ract-2023-0147/html
Scroll to top button