Startseite Naturwissenschaften Production and study of chemical properties of superheavy elements
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Production and study of chemical properties of superheavy elements

  • Christoph E. Düllmann EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 10. Mai 2019
Radiochimica Acta
Aus der Zeitschrift Radiochimica Acta Band 107 Heft 7

Abstract

Some highlight examples on the study of production and chemical properties of heaviest elements carried out mostly at GSI Darmstadt are presented. They focus on the production of some of the heaviest known elements (114Fl, 115Mc, and 117Mc), studies of non-fusion reactions, and on chemical studies of 114Fl. This is the heaviest element, for which chemical studies have been performed to date.

Keywords: Production of superheavy elements; chemical studies of transactinide elements

Dedicated to: The memory of Professor Günter Herrmann.

Acknowledgments

It is my pleasure to thank the members of my group at the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and the Helmholtz Institute Mainz as well as at GSI Darmstadt, but also the many colleagues from institutes around the world who play an important role in our superheavy element research pursued at GSI and elsewhere. Without them, all of the work presented in this article – with much of it going back to groundbreaking work of Günter Herrmann – would not have been possible.

References

1. Myers, W. D., Swiatecki, W. J.: Nuclear masses and deformations. Nucl. Phys. 81, 1 (1966).10.1016/0029-5582(66)90639-0Suche in Google Scholar

2. Herrmann, G.: Synthesis of the heaviest chemical elements – results and perspectives. Angew. Chem. Intl. Ed. 27, 1417 (1988).10.1002/anie.198814173Suche in Google Scholar

3. Herrmann, G., Trautmann, N.: Rapid chemical methods for identification and study of short-lived nuclides. Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 32, 117 (1982).10.1146/annurev.ns.32.120182.001001Suche in Google Scholar

4. Schädel, M., Nagame, Y.: From SRAFAP to ARCA and AIDA – developments and implementation of automated aqueous-phase rapid chemistry apparatuses for heavy actinides and transactinides. Radiochim. Acta 107, 561 (2019).10.1515/ract-2019-3103Suche in Google Scholar

5. Block, M.: Precise ground state properties of the heaviest elements for studies of their atomic and nuclear structure. Radiochim. Acta 107, 603 (2019).10.1515/ract-2019-0002Suche in Google Scholar

6. Düllmann, Ch. E., Herzberg, R.-D., Nazarewicz, W., Oganessian, Yu. (Eds.); Special Issue on Superheavy Elements. Nucl. Phys. A 944 (2015).10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2015.11.004Suche in Google Scholar

7. Schädel, M.: Chemistry of the superheavy elements. Angew. Chem. Intl. Ed. 45, 368 (2006).10.1002/anie.200461072Suche in Google Scholar

8. Münzenberg, G., Faust, W., Hofmann, S., Armbruster, P., Güttner, K., Ewald, H.: The velocity filter SHIP, a separator of unslowed heavy ion fusion products. Nucl. Instrum. Methods 161, 65 (1979).10.1016/0029-554X(79)90362-8Suche in Google Scholar

9. Semchenkov, A., Brüchle, W., Jäger, E., Schimpf, E., Schädel, M., Mühle, C., Klos, F., Türler, A., Yakushev, A., Belov, A., Beyakova, T., Kaparkova, M., Kukhtin, V., Lamzin, E., Sytchevsky, S.: The TransActinide Separator and Chemistry Apparatus (TASCA) at GSI – optimization of ion-optical structures and magnet designs. Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 266, 4153 (2008).10.1016/j.nimb.2008.05.132Suche in Google Scholar

10. Düllmann, Ch. E.: Physical separators for the heaviest elements. Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 266, 4123 (2008).10.1016/j.nimb.2008.05.022Suche in Google Scholar

11. Gates, J. M., Düllmann, Ch. E., Ackermann, D., Andersson, L.-L., Block, M., Brüchle, W., Dvorak, J., Eberhardt, K., Essel, H. G., Ellison, P. A., Even, J., Gorshkov, A., Graeger, R., Gregorich, K. E., Hartmann, W., Herzberg, R.-D., Heßberger, F. P., Hild, D., Hübner, A., Jäger, E., Khuyagbaatar, J., Kindler, B., Kratz, J. V., Krier, J., Kurz, N., Lahiri, S., Liebe, D., Lommel, B., Maiti, M., Nitsche, H., Omtvedt, J. P., Parr, E., Rudolph, D., Runke, J., Schädel, M., Schausten, B., Schimpf, E., Semchenkov, A., Steiner, J., Thörle-Pospiech, P., Türler, A., Uusitalo, J., Wegrzecki, M., Wiehl, N., Yakushev, A.: First superheavy element experiments at TASCA including the production and decay of element 114 in the 244Pu(48Ca,3-4n) reaction. Phys. Rev. C 83, 054618 (2011).10.1103/PhysRevC.83.054618Suche in Google Scholar

12. Khuyagbaatar, J., Shevelko, V. P., Borschevsky, A., Düllmann, Ch. E., Tolstikhina, I. Y., Yakushev, A.: Average charge states of heavy and superheavy ions passing through a rarified gas: Theory and experiment. Phys. Rev. A 88, 042703 (2013).10.1103/PhysRevA.88.042703Suche in Google Scholar

13. Khuyagbaatar, J., Yakushev, A., Düllmann, Ch. E., Ackermann, D., Andersson, L. L., Block, M., Brand, H., Cox, D. M., Even, J., Forsberg, U., Golubev, P., Hartmann, W., Herzberg, R. D., Heßberger, F. P., Hoffmann, J., Hübner, A., Jäger, E., Jeppsson, J., Kindler, B., Kratz, J. V., Krier, J., Kurz, N., Lommel, B., Maiti, M., Minami, S., Mistry, A. K., Mrosek, C. M., Pysmenetska, I., Rudolph, D., Sarmiento, L. G., Schaffner, H., Schädel, M., Schausten, B., Steiner, J., De Heidenreich, T. T., Uusitalo, J., Wegrzecki, M., Wiehl, N., Yakusheva, V.: New short-lived isotope 221U and the mass surface near N=126. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 242502 (2015).10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.242502Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

14. Eberhardt, K., Brüchle, W., Düllmann, Ch. E., Gregorich, K. E., Hartmann, W., Hübner, A., Jäger, E., Kindler, B., Kratz, J. V., Liebe, D., Lommel, B., Maier, H.-J., Schädel, M., Schausten, B., Schimpf, E., Semchenkov, A., Steiner, J., Szerypo, J., Thörle, P., Türler, A., Yakushev, A.: Preparation of targets for the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA by electrochemical deposition and design of the TASCA target wheel assembly. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 590, 134 (2008).10.1016/j.nima.2008.02.069Suche in Google Scholar

15. Runke, J., Düllmann, Ch. E., Eberhardt, K., Ellison, P. A., Gregorich, K. E., Hofmann, S., Jäger, E., Kindler, B., Kratz, J. V., Krier, J., Lommel, B., Mokry, C., Nitsche, H., Roberto, J. B., Rykaczewski, K. P., Schädel, M., Thörle-Pospiech, P., Trautmann, N., Yakushev, A.: Preparation of actinide targets for the synthesis of the heaviest elements. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 299, 1081 (2014).10.1007/s10967-013-2616-6Suche in Google Scholar

16. Eberhadt, K., Düllmann, Ch. E., Haas, R., Mokry, C., Runke, J., Thörle-Pospiech, P., Trautmann, N.: Actinide targets for fundamental research in nuclear physics, in Proc. 28th World Conference of the International Nuclear Target Development Society, Cape Town, South Africa, AIP Conf. Proc., 1962, 030009 (2018).10.1063/1.5035526Suche in Google Scholar

17. Vascon, A., Santi, S., Isse, A. A., Reich, T., Drebert, J., Christ, H., Düllmann, Ch. E., Eberhardt, K.: Elucidation of constant current density molecular plating. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 696, 180 (2012).10.1016/j.nima.2012.08.072Suche in Google Scholar

18. Vascon, A., Santi, S., Isse, A. A., Kühnle, A., Reich, T., Drebert, J., Eberhardt, K., Düllmann, Ch. E.: Smooth crack-free targets for nuclear applications produced by molecular plating Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 714, 163 (2013).10.1016/j.nima.2013.03.003Suche in Google Scholar

19. Haas, R., Lohse, S., Düllmann, Ch. E., Eberhadt, K., Mokry, C., Runke, J.: Development and characterization of a Drop-on-Demand inkjet printing system for nuclear target fabrication. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 874, 43 (2017).10.1016/j.nima.2017.08.027Suche in Google Scholar

20. Vascon, A., Runke, J., Trautmann, N., Cremer, B., Eberhadt, K., Düllmann, Ch. E.: Quantitative molecular plating of large-area 242Pu targets with improved layer properties. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 95, 36 (2015).10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.10.002Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

21. Guerrero, C., Lerendegui-Marco, J., Eberhadt, K., Düllmann, Ch. E., Junghans, A., Lommel, B., Mokry, C., Quesada, J. M., Runke, J., Thörle-Pospiech, P., Collaboration, T. n. T.: On the use of stacks of fission-like targets for neutron capture experiments. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 925, 87 (2019).10.1016/j.nima.2019.01.063Suche in Google Scholar

22. von der Wense, L., Seiferle, B., Laatiaoui, M., Neumayr, J. B., Maier, H.-J., Wirth, H.-F., Mokry, C., Runke, J., Eberhadt, K., Düllmann, Ch. E., Trautmann, N. G., Thirolf, P. G.: Direct detection of the 229Th nuclear clock transition. Nature 533, 47 (2016).10.1038/nature17669Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

23. Thielking, J., Okhapkin, M. V., Głowacki, P., Meier, D. M., von der Wense, L., Seiferle, B., Düllmann, Ch. E., Thirolf, P. G., Peik, E.: Laser spectroscopic characterization of the nuclear-clock isomer 229mTh. Nature 556, 321 (2018).10.1038/s41586-018-0011-8Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

24. Groot-Berning, K., Stopp, F., Jacob, G., Budker, D., Haas, R., Renisch, D., Runke, J., Thörle-Pospiech, P., Düllmann, Ch. E., Schmidt-Kaler, F.: Trapping and sympathetic cooling of single thorium ions for spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. A 99, 023420 (2019).10.1103/PhysRevA.99.023420Suche in Google Scholar

25. Lommel, B., Hartmann, W., Hofmann, S., Kindler, B., Klemm, J., Steiner, J., Tinschert, K.: Stable isotopes for heavy element production. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 257, 161 (2003).10.1023/A:1024726200472Suche in Google Scholar

26. Roberto, J. B., Alexander, C. W., Boll, R. A., Burns, J. D., Ezold, J. G., Felker, L. K., Hogle, S. L., Rykaczewski, K. P.: Actinide targets for the synthesis of super-heavy elements. Nucl. Phys. A 944, 99 (2015).10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2015.06.009Suche in Google Scholar

27. Hermann, G.: Superheavy-element research. Nature 280, 543 (1979).10.1038/280543a0Suche in Google Scholar

28. Düllmann, Ch. E.: How elements up to 118 were reached and how to go beyond. EPJ Web of Conferences 163, 00015 (2017).10.1051/epjconf/201716300015Suche in Google Scholar

29. Oganessian, Y. T., Utyonkov, V. K., Lobanov, Y. V., Abdullin, F. S., Polyakov, A. N., Shirokovsky, I. V., Tsyganov, Y. S., Gulbekian, G. G., Bogomolov, S. L., Gikal, B. N., Mezentsev, A. N., Iliev, S., Subbotin, V. G., Sukhov, A. M., Voinov, A. A., Buklanov, G. V., Subotic, K., Zagrebaev, V. I., Itkis, M. G., Patin, J. B., Moody, K. J., Wild, J. F., Stoyer, M. A., Stoyer, N. J., Shaughnessy, D. A., Kenneally, J. M., Lougheed, R. W.: Measurements of cross sections for the fusion-evaporation reactions 244Pu(48Ca,xn)292-x114 and 245Cm(48Ca,xn)293-x116. Phys. Rev. C 69, 054607 (2004).10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054607Suche in Google Scholar

30. Düllmann, Ch. E., Schädel, M., Yakushev, A., Türler, A., Eberhardt, K., Kratz, J. V., Ackermann, D., Andersson, L.-L., Block, M., Brüchle, W., Dvorak, J., Essel, H. G., Ellison, P. A., Even, J., Gates, J. M., Gorshkov, A., Graeger, R., Gregorich, K. E., Hartmann, W., Herzberg, R.-D., Heßberger, F. P., Hild, D., Hübner, A., Jäger, E., Khuyagbaatar, J., Kindler, B., Krier, J., Kurz, N., Lahiri, S., Liebe, D., Lommel, B., Maiti, M., Nitsche, H., Omtvedt, J. P., Parr, E., Rudolph, D., Runke, J., Schausten, B., Schimpf, E., Semchenkov, A., Steiner, J., Thörle-Pospiech, P., Uusitalo, J., Wegrzecki, M., Wiehl, N.: Production and decay of element 114: high cross sections and the new nucleus 277Hs. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 252701 (2010).10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.252701Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

31. Oganessian, Y.: Heaviest nuclei from 48Ca induced reactions. J. Phys. G 34, R165 (2007).10.1088/0954-3899/34/4/R01Suche in Google Scholar

32. Düllmann, Ch. E.: Superheavy elements at GSI: a broad research program with element 114 in the focus of physics and chemistry. Radiochim. Acta 100, 67 (2012).10.1524/ract.2011.1842Suche in Google Scholar

33. Andersson, L.-L., Rudolph, D., Golubev, P., Herzberg, R.-D., Hoischen, R., Merchán, E., Ackermann, D., Düllmann, Ch. E., Eberhardt, K., Even, J., Gerl, J., Heßberger, F. P., Jäger, E., Khuyagbaatar, J., Kojouharov, I., Kratz, J. V., Krier, J., Kurz, N., Prokopowicz, W., Schädel, M., Schaffner, H., Schausten, B., Schimpf, E., Semchenkov, A., Türler, A., H.- Wollersheim, J., Yakushev, A., Thörle-Pospiech, P., Hartmann, W., Hübner, A., Lommel, B., Kindler, B., Steiner, J.: TASISpec – A highly efficient multi-coincidence spectrometer for nuclear structure investigations of the heaviest nuclei. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 622, 164 (2010).10.1016/j.nima.2010.06.243Suche in Google Scholar

34. Oganessian, Y. T., Utyonkov, V. K., Dmitriev, S. N., Lobanov, Y. V., Itkis, M. G., Polyakov, A. N., Tsyganov, Y. S., Mezentsev, A. N., Yeremin, A. V., Voinov, A. A., Sokol, E. A., Gulbekian, G. G., Bogomolov, S. L., Iliev, S., Subbotin, V. G., Sukhov, A. M., Buklanov, G. V., Shishkin, S. V., Chepygin, V. I., Vostokin, G. K., Aksenov, N. V., Hussonnois, M., Subotic, K., Zagrebaev, V. I., Moody, K. J., Patin, J. B., Wild, J. F., Stoyer, M. A., Stoyer, N. J., Shaughnessy, D. A., Kenneally, J. M., Wilk, P. A., Lougheed, R. W., Gaggeler, H. W., Schumann, D., Bruchertseifer, H., Eichler, R.: Synthesis of elements 115 and 113 in the reaction 243Am+48Ca. Phys. Rev. C 72, 034611 (2005).10.1103/PhysRevC.72.034611Suche in Google Scholar

35. Oganessian, Y. T., Abdullin, F. S., Dmitriev, S. N., Gostic, J. M., Hamilton, J. H., Henderson, R. A., Itkis, M. G., Moody, K. J., Polyakov, A. N., Ramayya, A. V., Roberto, J. B., Rykaczewski, K. P., Sagaidak, R. N., Shaughnessy, D. A., Shirokovsky, I. V., Stoyer, M. A., Stoyer, N. J., Subbotin, V. G., Sukhov, A. M., Tsyganov, Y. S., Utyonkov, V. K., Voinov, A. A., Vostokin, G. K.: Investigation of the 243Am+48Ca reaction products previously observed in the experiments on elements 113, 115, and 117. Phys. Rev. C 87, 014302 (2013).10.1103/PhysRevC.87.014302Suche in Google Scholar

36. Stoyer, N. J., Landrum, J. H., Wilk, P. A., Moody, K. J., Kenneally, J. M., Shaughnessy, D. A., Stoyer, M. A., Wild, J. F., Lougheed, R. W., Dmitriev, S. N., Oganessian, Y. T., Shishkin, S. V., Aksenov, N. V., Tereshatov, E. E., Bozhikov, G. A., Vostokin, G. K., Utyonkov, V. K., Yeremin, A. A.: Chemical identification of a long-lived isotope of dubnium, a descendent of element 115. Nucl. Phys. A 787, 388c (2007).10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.12.060Suche in Google Scholar

37. Rudolph, D., Forsberg, U., Golubev, P., Sarmiento, L. G., Yakushev, A., Andersson, L. L., Di Nitto, A., Düllmann, Ch. E., Gates, J. M., Gregorich, K. E., Gross, C. J., Heßberger, F. P., Herzberg, R. D., Khuyagbaatar, J., Kratz, J. V., Rykaczewski, K., Schädel, M., Åberg, S., Ackermann, D., Block, M., Brand, H., Carlsson, B. G., Cox, D., Derkx, X., Eberhardt, K., Even, J., Fahlander, C., Gerl, J., Jäger, E., Kindler, B., Krier, J., Kojouharov, I., Kurz, N., Lommel, B., Mistry, A., Mokry, C., Nitsche, H., Omtvedt, J. P., Papadakis, P., Ragnarsson, I., Runke, J., Schaffner, H., Schausten, B., Thörle-Pospiech, P., Torres, T., Traut, T., Trautmann, N., Türler, A., Ward, A., Ward, D. E., Wiehl, N.: Spectroscopy of element 115 decay chains. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 112502 (2013).10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.112502Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

38. Forsberg, U., Rudolph, D., Andersson, L.-L., Di Nitto, A., Düllmann, Ch. E., Fahlander, C., Gates, J. M., Golubev, P., Gregorich, K. E., Gross, C. J., Herzberg, R.-D., Heßberger, F. P., Khuyagbaatar, J., Kratz, J. V., Rykaczewski, K., Sarmiento, L. G., Schädel, M., Yakushev, A., Åberg, S., Ackermann, D., Block, M., Brand, H., Carlsson, B. G., Cox, D., Derkx, X., Dobaczewski, J., Eberhardt, K., Even, J., Gerl, J., Jäger, E., Kindler, B., Krier, J., Kojouharov, I., Kurz, N., Lommel, B., Mistry, A., Mokry, C., Nazarewicz, W., Nitsche, H., Omtvedt, J. P., Papadakis, P., Ragnarsson, I., Runke, J., Schaffner, H., Schausten, B., Shi, Y., Thörle-Pospiech, P., Torres, T., Traut, T., Trautmann, N., Türler, A., Ward, A., Ward, D. E., Wiehl, N.: Recoil-α-fission and recoil-α-α-fission events observed in the reaction 48Ca+243Am. Nucl. Phys. A 953, 117 (2016).10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2016.04.025Suche in Google Scholar

39. Sarmiento, L. G., Andersson, L.-L., Rudolph, D.: A Geant4 simulation package for the TASISpec experimental detector setup. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 667, 26 (2012).10.1016/j.nima.2011.11.074Suche in Google Scholar

40. Gates, J. M., Gregorich, K. E., Gothe, O. R., Uribe, E. C., Pang, G. K., Bleuel, D. L., Block, M., Clark, R. M., Campbell, C. M., Crawford, H. L., Cromaz, M., Di Nitto, A., Düllmann, Ch. E., Esker, N. E., Fahlander, C., Fallon, P., Farjadi, R. M., Forsberg, U., Khuyagbaatar, J., Loveland, W., Macchiavelli, A. O., May, E. M., Mudder, P. R., Olive, D. T., Rice, A. C., Rissanen, J., Rudolph, D., Sarmiento, L. G., Shusterman, J. A., Stoyer, M. A., Wiens, A., Yakushev, A., Nitsche, H.: Decay spectroscopy of element 115 daughters: 280Rg→276Mt and 276Mt→272Bh. Phys. Rev. C 92, 021301 (2015).10.1103/PhysRevC.92.021301Suche in Google Scholar

41. Shi, Y., Ward, D. E., Carlsson, B. G., Dobaczewski, J., Nazarewicz, W., Ragnarsson, I., Rudolph, D.: Structure of superheavy nuclei along decay chains of element 115. Phys. Rev. C 90, 014308 (2014).10.1103/PhysRevC.90.014308Suche in Google Scholar

42. Gates, J. M., Pang, G. K., Pore, J. L., Gregorich, K. E., Kwarsick, J. T., Savard, G., Esker, N. E., Kireeff Covo, M., Mogannam, M. J., Batchelder, J. C., Bleuel, D. L., Clark, R. M., Crawford, H. L., Fallon, P., Hubbard, K. K., Hurst, A. M., Kolaja, I. T., Macchiavelli, A. O., Morse, C., Orford, R., Phair, L., Stoyer, M. A.: First direct measurements of superheavy-element mass numbers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 222501 (2018).10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.222501Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

43. Khuyagbaatar, J., Yakushev, A., Düllmann, Ch. E., Nitsche, H., Roberto, J., Ackermann, D., Andersson, L.-L., Asai, M., Brand, H., Block, M., Cox, D. M., Dasgupta, M., Derkx, X., Di Nitto, A., Dvorak, J., Eberhardt, K., Ellison, P. A., Esker, N. E., Even, J., Evers, M., Fahlander, C., Forsberg, U., Gates, J. M., Gharibyan, N., Gregorich, K. E., Golubev, P., Gothe, O., Hamilton, J. H., Hinde, D. J., Hartmann, W., Herzberg, R.-D., Heßberger, F. P., Hoffmann, J., Hollinger, R., Hübner, A., Jäger, E., Jeppsson, J., Kindler, B., Klein, S., Kojouharov, I., Kratz, J. V., Krier, J., Kurz, N., Lahiri, S., Lommel, B., Maiti, M., Miernik, K., Minami, S., Mistry, A., Mokry, C., Omtvedt, J. P., Pang, G. K., Papadakis, P., Pysmenetska, I., Renisch, D., Rudolph, D., Runke, J., Rykaczewski, K., Sarmiento, L. G., Schädel, M., Schausten, B., Shaughnessy, D. A., Semchenkov, A., Steiner, J., Steinegger, P., Thörle-Pospiech, P., Tereshatov, E. E., Heidenreich, T. T. D., Trautmann, N., Türler, A., Uusitalo, J., Ward, D., Wiehl, N., Wegrzecki, M., Yakusheva, V.: The superheavy element search campaigns at TASCA. GSI Scientific Report 2012, 131 (2013).Suche in Google Scholar

44. Düllmann, Ch. E., Yakushev, A., Khuyagbaatar, J., Rudolph, D., Nitsche, H., Ackermann, D., Andersson, L.-L., Block, M., Brand, H., Cox, D. M., Dvorak, J., Eberhardt, K., Ellison, P. A., Esker, N. E., Even, J., Fahlander, C., Forsberg, U., Gates, J. M., Gregorich, K. E., Golubev, P., Gothe, O., Hartmann, W., Herzberg, R.-D., Heßberger, F. P., Hoffmann, J., Hollinger, R., Hübner, A., Jäger, E., Jeppsson, J., Kindler, B., Klein, S., Kojouharov, I., Kratz, J. V., Krier, J., Kurz, N., Lahiri, S., Lommel, B., Maiti, M., Minami, S., Mistry, A., Mokry, C., Omtvedt, J. P., Pang, G. K., Pysmenetska, I., Renisch, D., Runke, J., Sarmiento, L. G., Schädel, M., Schausten, B., Semchenkov, A., Steiner, J., Thörle-Pospiech, P., Trautmann, N., Türler, A., Uusitalo, J., Ward, D., Wiehl, N., Wegrzecki, M., Yakusheva, V.: (in preparation).Suche in Google Scholar

45. Oganessian, Y. T., Abdullin, F. S., Bailey, P. D., Benker, D. E., Bennett, M. E., Dmitriev, S. N., Ezold, J. G., Hamilton, J. H., Henderson, R. A., Itkis, M. G., Lobanov, Y. V., Mezentsev, A. N., Moody, K. J., Nelson, S. L., Polyakov, A. N., Porter, C. E., Ramayya, A. V., Riley, F. D., Roberto, J. B., Ryabinin, M. A., Rykaczewski, K. P., Sagaidak, R. N., Shaughnessy, D. A., Shirokovsky, I. V., Stoyer, M. A., Subbotin, V. G., Sudowe, R.: Synthesis of a new element with atomic number Z=117. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 142502 (2010).10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.142502Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

46. Oganessian, Y. T., Abdullin, F. S., Alexander, C., Binder, J., Boll, R. A., Dmitriev, S. N., Ezold, J., Felker, K., Gostic, J. M., Grzywacz, R. K., Hamilton, J. H., Henderson, R. A., Itkis, M. G., Miernik, K., Miller, D., Moody, K. J., Polyakov, A. N., Ramayya, A. V., Roberto, J. B., Ryabinin, M. A., Rykaczewski, K. P., Sagaidak, R. N., Shaughnessy, D. A., Shirokovsky, I. V., Shumeiko, M. V., Stoyer, M. A., Stoyer, N. J., Subbotin, V. G., Sukhov, A. M., Tsyganov, Y. S., Utyonkov, V. K., Voinov, A. A., Vostokin, G. K.: Production and decay of the heaviest nuclei 293,294117 and 294118. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 162501 (2012).10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.162501Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

47. Oganessian, Y. T., Abdullin, F. S., Alexander, C., Binder, J., Boll, R. A., Dmitriev, S. N., Ezold, J., Felker, K., Gostic, J. M., Grzywacz, R. K., Hamilton, J. H., Henderson, R. A., Itkis, M. G., Miernik, K., Miller, D., Moody, K. J., Polyakov, A. N., Ramayya, A. V., Roberto, J. B., Ryabinin, M. A., Rykaczewski, K. P., Sagaidak, R. N., Shaughnessy, D. A., Shirokovsky, I. V., Shumeiko, M. V., Stoyer, M. A., Stoyer, N. J., Subbotin, V. G., Sukhov, A. M., Tsyganov, Y. S., Utyonkov, V. K., Voinov, A. A., Vostokin, G. K.: Experimental studies of the 249Bk+48Ca reaction including decay properties and excitation function for isotopes of element 117, and discovery of the new isotope 277Mt. Phys. Rev. C 87, 054621 (2013).10.1103/PhysRevC.87.054621Suche in Google Scholar

48. Khuyagbaatar, J., Yakushev, A., Düllmann, Ch. E., Ackermann, D., Andersson, L. L., Asai, M., Block, M., Boll, R. A., Brand, H., Cox, D. M., Dasgupta, M., Derkx, X., Di Nitto, A., Eberhardt, K., Even, J., Evers, M., Fahlander, C., Forsberg, U., Gates, J. M., Gharibyan, N., Golubev, P., Gregorich, K. E., Hamilton, J. H., Hartmann, W., Herzberg, R. D., Heßberger, F. P., Hinde, D. J., Hoffmann, J., Hollinger, R., Hübner, A., Jäger, E., Kindler, B., Kratz, J. V., Krier, J., Kurz, N., Laatiaoui, M., Lahiri, S., Lang, R., Lommel, B., Maiti, M., Miernik, K., Minami, S., Mistry, A., Mokry, C., Nitsche, H., Omtvedt, J. P., Pang, G. K., Papadakis, P., Renisch, D., Roberto, J., Rudolph, D., Runke, J., Rykaczewski, K. P., Sarmiento, L. G., Schädel, M., Schausten, B., Semchenkov, A., Shaughnessy, D. A., Steinegger, P., Steiner, J., Tereshatov, E. E., Thörle-Pospiech, P., Tinschert, K., Torres De Heidenreich, T., Trautmann, N., Türler, A., Uusitalo, J., Ward, D. E., Wegrzecki, M., Wiehl, N., Van Cleve, S. M., Yakusheva, V.: 48Ca+249Bk fusion reaction leading to element Z=117: long-lived α-decaying 270Db and discovery of 266Lr. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 172501 (2014).10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.172501Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

49. Khuyagbaatar, J., Yakushev, A., Düllmann, Ch. E., Ackermann, D., Andersson, L.-L., Asai, M., Block, M., Boll, R. A., Brand, H., Cox, D. M., Dasgupta, M., Derkx, X., Di Nitto, A., Eberhadt, K., Even, J., Evers, M., Fahlander, C., Forsberg, U., Gates, J. M., Gharibyan, N., Golubev, P., Gregorich, K. E., Hamilton, J. H., Hartmann, W., Herzberg, R.-D., Hessberger, F. P., Hinde, D. J., Hoffmann, J., Hollinger, R., Hübner, A., Jäger, E., Kindler, B., Kratz, J. V., Krier, J., Kurz, N., Laatiaoui, M., Lahiri, S., Lang, R., Lommel, B., Maiti, M., Miernik, K., Minami, S., Mistry, A., Mokry, C., Nitsche, H., Omtvedt, J. P., Pang, G. K., Papadakis, P., Renisch, D., Roberto, J., Rudolph, D., Runke, J., Rykaczewski, K. P., Sarmiento, L. G., Schädel, M., Schausten, B., Semchenkov, A., Shaughnessy, D. A., Steinegger, P., Steiner, J., Tereshatov, E. E., Thörle-Pospiech, P., Tinschert, K., Torres De Heidenreich, T., Trautmann, N., Türler, A., Uusitalo, J., Ward, D. E., Wegrzecki, M., Wiehl, N., Van Cleve, S. M., Yakusheva, V.: The fusion reaction 48Ca+249Bk leading to formation of the element Ts (Z=117). Phys. Rev. C (accepted) (2019).10.1103/PhysRevC.99.054306Suche in Google Scholar

50. Sobiczewski, A.: Predictions for nuclei of a new element 117. Acta Phys. Pol. B 41, 157 (2010).10.1002/chin.201023275Suche in Google Scholar

51. Schädel, M., Kratz, J. V., Ahrens, H., Brüchle, W., Franz, G.: Isotope distributions in the reaction of 238U with 238U. Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 469 (1978).10.1103/PhysRevLett.41.469Suche in Google Scholar

52. Schädel, M., Brüchle, W., Gäggeler, H., Kratz, J. V., Sümmerer, K., Wirth, G., Herrmann, G., Stakemann, R., Tittel, G., Trautmann, N., Nitschke, J. M., Hulet, E. K., Lougheed, R. W., Hahn, R. L., Ferguson, R. L.: Actinide production in collisions of 238U with 248Cm. Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 852 (1982).10.1103/PhysRevLett.48.852Suche in Google Scholar

53. Schädel, M., Brüchle, W., Brügger, M., Gäggeler, H., Moody, K. J., Schardt, D., Sümmerer, K., Hulet, E. K., Dougan, A. D., Dougan, R. J., Landrum, J. H., Lougheed, R. W., Wild, J. F., O’Kelley, G. D.: Transfer cross sections from reactions with 254Es as a target. Phys. Rev. C 33, 1547 (1986).10.1103/PhysRevC.33.1547Suche in Google Scholar

54. Götz, M., Götz, S., Kratz, J. V., Düllmann, Ch. E., Mokry, C., Runke, J., Thörle-Pospiech, P., Wiehl, N., Schädel, M., Ballof, J., Dorrer, H., Grund, J., Huber, D., Jäger, E., Keller, O., Krier, J., Khuyagbaatar, J., Lens, L., Lommel, B., Mendel, M., Moody, K. J., Scharrer, P., Schausten, B., Shaughnessy, D., Schmitt, M., Steiner, J., Trautmann, N., Yakushev, A., Yakusheva, V.: Radiochemical study of the kinematics of multi-nucleon transfer reactions in 48Ca +248Cm collisions 10% above the Coulomb barrier. Nucl. Phys. A 961, 1 (2017).10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2017.02.006Suche in Google Scholar

55. Kratz, J. V., Schädel, M., Gäggeler, H. W.: Reexamining the heavy-ion reactions 238U+238U and 238U+248Cm and actinide production close to the barrier. Phys. Rev. C 88, 054615 (2013).10.1103/PhysRevC.88.054615Suche in Google Scholar

56. Zagrebaev, V., Greiner, W.: Production of heavy trans-target nuclei in multinucleon transfer reactions. Phys. Rev. C 87, 034608 (2013).10.1103/PhysRevC.87.034608Suche in Google Scholar

57. Dvorak, J., Block, M., Düllmann, Ch. E., Heinz, S., Herzberg, R.-D., Schädel, M.: IRiS – Exploring new frontiers in neutron-rich isotopes of the heaviest elements with a new Inelastic Reaction Isotope Separator. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 652, 687 (2011).10.1016/j.nima.2010.08.124Suche in Google Scholar

58. Heinz, S., Devaraja, H. M., Beliuskina, O., Comas, V., Hofmann, S., Hornung, C., Münzenberg, G., Ackermann, D., Gupta, M., Henderson, R. A., Hessberger, F. P., Kindler, B., Lommel, B., Mann, R., Maurer, J., Moody, K. J., Nishio, K., Popeko, A. G., Shaughnessy, D. A., Stoyer, M. A., Yeremin, A. V.: Synthesis of new transuranium isotopes in multinucleon transfer reactions using a velocity filter. Eur. Phys. J. A 52, 278 (2016).10.1140/epja/i2016-16278-7Suche in Google Scholar

59. Di Nitto, A., Khuyagbaataar, J., Ackermann, D., Andersson, L.-L., Badura, E., Block, M., Brand, H., Conrad, I., Cox, D. M., Düllmann, Ch. E., Dvorak, J., Eberhardt, K., Ellison, P. A., Esker, N. E., Even, J., Fahlander, C., Forsberg, U., Gates, J. M., Golubev, P., Gothe, O., Gregorich, K. E., Hartmann, W., Herzberg, R. D., Heßberger, F. P., Hoffmann, J., Hollinger, R., Hübner, A., Jäger, E., Kindler, B., Klein, S., Kojouharov, I., Kratz, J. V., Krier, J., Kurz, N., Lahiri, S., Lommel, B., Maiti, M., Mändl, R., Merchán, E., Minami, S., Mistry, A., Mokry, C., Nitsche, H., Omtvedt, J. P., Pang, G. K., Renisch, D., Rudolph, D., Runke, J., Sarmiento, L. G., Schädel, M., Schaffner, H., Schausten, B., Semchenkov, A., Steiner, J., Thörle-Pospiech, P., Trautmann, N., Türler, A., Uusitalo, J., Ward, D., Wegrzecki, M., Wieczorek, P., Wiehl, N., Yakushev, A., Yakusheva, V.: Study of non-fusion products in the 50Ti+249Cf reaction. Phys. Lett. B 784, 199 (2018).10.1016/j.physletb.2018.07.058Suche in Google Scholar

60. Di Nitto, A., Yakushev, A., Düllmann, Ch. E., Khuyagbaatar, J., Krier, J., Ballof, J., Bar, J., Budzynski, T., Cox, D. M., Derkx, X., Dormand, J., Despotopulos, J. D., Eberhardt, K., Even, J., Grabiec, P., Harkness-Brennan, L., Herzberg, R. D., Huebner, A., Jäger, E., Judson, D., Kindler, B., Kłos, H., Kratz, J. V., Kulawik, J., Kurz, N., Lens, L., Lommel, B., Moody, K., Mokry, C., Panas, A., Prokaryn, P., Rudolph, D., Runke, J., Rusanov, I., Scharrer, P., Schausten, B., Shaughnessy, D., Szmigiel, D., Ward, A. J., Wegrzecki, M.: ALBEGA: A decay spectroscopy setup for chemically separated samples. GSI Scientific Report 2014, 184 (2015).Suche in Google Scholar

61. Pyykkö, P., Desclaux, J.-P.: Relativity and the periodic table of the elements. Acc. Chem. Res. 12, 276 (1979).10.1021/ar50140a002Suche in Google Scholar

62. Schädel, M., Shaughnessy, D. (Eds.), The chemistry of superheavy elements (Springer, Heidelberg, Berlin, 2014).10.1007/978-3-642-37466-1Suche in Google Scholar

63. Türler, A., Pershina, V.: Advances in the production and chemistry of the heaviest elements. Chem. Rev. 113, 1237 (2013).10.1021/cr3002438Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

64. Desclaux, J.-P.: Relativistic Dirac-Fock expectation values for atoms with Z=1 to Z=120. Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables 12, 311 (1973).10.1016/0092-640X(73)90020-XSuche in Google Scholar

65. Keller, O. L., Brunett Jr., J. L., Carlson, T. A., Nestor Jr., C. W.: Predicted properties of the super heavy elements. I. elements 113 and 114, eka-thallium and eka-lead. J. Phys. Chem. 74, 1127 (1970).10.1021/j100700a029Suche in Google Scholar

66. Pitzer, K. S.: Are elements 112, 114, and 118 relatively inert gases? J. Chem. Phys. 63, 1032 (1975).10.1063/1.431398Suche in Google Scholar

67. Pershina, V.: Reactivity of superheavy elements Cn, Nh, and Fl and their lighter homologues Hg, Tl, and Pb, respectively, with a gold surface from periodic DFT calculations. Inorg. Chem. 57, 3948 (2018).10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00101Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

68. Oganessian, Y. T., Utyonkov, V. K.: Superheavy nuclei from 48Ca-induced reactions. Nucl. Phys. A 944, 62 (2015).10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2015.07.003Suche in Google Scholar

69. Zvara, I., The Inorganic Radiochemistry of Heavy Elements – Methods for Studying Gaseous Compounds (Springer, Dordrecht, 2008).10.1007/978-1-4020-6602-3Suche in Google Scholar

70. Düllmann, Ch. E., Brüchle, W., Dressler, R., Eberhardt, K., Eichler, B., Eichler, R., Gäggeler, H. W., Ginter, T. N., Glaus, F., Gregorich, K. E., Hoffman, D. C., Jäger, E., Jost, D. T., Kirbach, U. W., Lee, D. M., Nitsche, H., Patin, J. B., Pershina, V., Piguet, D., Qin, Z., Schädel, M., Schausten, B., Schimpf, E., Schött, H. J., Soverna, S., Sudowe, R., Thörle, P., Timokhin, S. N., Trautmann, N., Türler, A., Vahle, A., Wirth, G., Yakushev, A. B., Zielinski, P. M.: Chemical investigation of hassium (element 108). Nature 418, 859 (2002).10.1038/nature00980Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

71. Dvorak, J., Brüchle, W., Chelnokov, M., Dressler, R., Düllmann, Ch. E., Dvorakova, Z., Eberhardt, K., Jäger, E., Krücken, R., Kuznetsov, A., Nagame, Y., Nebel, F., Nishio, K., Perego, R., Qin, Z., Schädel, M., Schausten, B., Schimpf, E., Schuber, R., Semchenkov, A., Thörle, P., Türler, A., Wegrzecki, M., Wierczinski, B., Yakushev, A., Yeremin, A.: Observation of the 3n evaporation channel in the complete hot-fusion reaction 26Mg+248Cm leading to the new superheavy nuclide 271Hs. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 132503 (2008).10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.132503Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

72. Graeger, R., Ackermann, D., Chelnokov, M., Chepigin, V., Düllmann, Ch. E., Dvorak, J., Even, J., Gorshkov, A., Heßberger, F. P., Hild, D., Hübner, A., Jäger, E., Khuyagbaatar, J., Kindler, B., Kratz, J. V., Krier, J., Kuznetsov, A., Lommel, B., Nishio, K., Nitsche, H., Omtvedt, J. P., Petrushkin, O., Rudolph, D., Runke, J., Samadani, F., Schädel, M., Schausten, B.: Experimental study of the 238U(36S,3-5n)269−271Hs reaction leading to the observation of 270Hs. Phys. Rev. C 81, 061601 (2010).10.1103/PhysRevC.81.061601Suche in Google Scholar

73. Even, J., Yakushev, A., Düllmann, Ch. E., Haba, H., Asai, M., Sato, T., Brand, H., Di Nitto, A., Eichler, R., Fan, F. L., Hartmann, W., Huang, M., Jäger, E., Kaji, D., Kanaya, J., Kaneya, Y., Khuyagbaatar, J., Kindler, B., Kratz, J. V., Krier, J., Kudou, Y., Kurz, N., Lommel, B., Miyashita, S., Morimoto, K., Morita, K., Murakami, M., Nagame, Y., Nitsche, H., Ooe, K., Qin, Z., Schädel, M., Steiner, J., Sumita, T., Takeyama, M., Tanaka, K., Toyoshima, A., Tsukada, K., Türler, A., Usoltsev, I., Wakabayashi, Y., Wang, Y., Wiehl, N., Yamaki, S.: Synthesis and detection of a seaborgium carbonyl complex. Science 345, 1491 (2014).10.1126/science.1255720Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

74. Soverna, S., Dressler, R., Düllmann, Ch. E., Eichler, B., Eichler, R., Gäggeler, H. W., Haenssler, F., Niklaus, J. P., Piguet, D., Qin, Z., Türler, A., Yakushev, A. B.: Thermochromatographic studies of mercury and radon on transition metal surfaces. Radiochim. Acta 93, 1 (2005).10.1524/ract.93.1.1.58298Suche in Google Scholar

75. Lens, L., Yakushev, A., Düllmann, Ch. E., Asai, M., Ballof, J., Block, M., David, H. M., Despotopulos, J. D., Di Nitto, A., Eberhadt, K., Even, J., Götz, M., Götz, S., Haba, H., Harkness-Brennan, L., Hessberger, F. P., Herzberg, R. D., Hoffmann, J., Hübner, A., Jäger, E., Judson, D., Khuyagbaataar, J., Kindler, B., Komori, Y., Konki, J., Kratz, J. V., Krier, J., Kurz, N., Laatiaoui, M., Lahiri, S., Lommel, B., Maiti, M., Mistry, A. K., Mokry, C., Moody, K., Nagame, Y., Omtvedt, J. P., Papadakis, P., Pershina, V., Runke, J., Schädel, M., Scharrer, P., Sato, T., Shaughnessy, D., Schausten, B., Thörle-Pospiech, P., Trautmann, N., Tsukada, K., Uusitalo, J., Ward, A., Wegrzecki, M., Wiehl, N., Yakusheva, V.: Online chemical adsorption studies of Hg, Tl, and Pb on SiO2 and Au surfaces in preparation for chemical investigations on Cn, Nh, and Fl at TASCA. Radiochim. Acta 106, 949 (2018).10.1515/ract-2017-2914Suche in Google Scholar

76. Eichler, R., Aksenov, N. V., Albin, Y. V., Belozerov, A. V., Bozhikov, G. A., Chepigin, V. I., Dmitriev, S. N., Dressler, R., Gäggeler, H. W., Gorshkov, V. A., Henderson, R. A., Johnsen, A. M., Kenneally, J. M., Lebedev, V. Y., Malyshev, O. N., Moody, K. J., Oganessian, Y. T., Petrushkin, O. V., Piguet, D., Popeko, A. G., Rasmussen, P., Serov, A. A., Shaughnessy, D. A., Shishkin, S. V., Shutov, A. V., Stoyer, M. A., Stoyer, N. J., Svirikhin, A. I., Tereshatov, E. E., Vostokin, G. K., Wegrzecki, M., Wilk, P. A., Wittwer, D., Yeremin, A. V.: Indication for a volatile element 114. Radiochim. Acta 98, 133 (2010).10.1524/ract.2010.1705Suche in Google Scholar

77. Eichler, R., Aksenov, N. V., Belozerov, A. V., Bozhikov, G. A., Chepigin, V. I., Dressler, R., Dmitriev, S. N., Gäggler, H. W., Gorshkov, V., Haenssler, F., Itkis, M. G., Lebedev, V. Y., Laube, A., Malyshev, O. N., Oganessian, Y. T., Petruschkin, O. V., Piguet, D., Rasmussen, P., Shishkin, S. V., Shutov, A. V., Svirikhin, A. I., Tereshatov, E. E., Vostokin, G. K., Wergrzecki, M., Yeremin, A.: Confirmation of the decay of 283112 and first indication for Hg-like behavior of element 112. Nucl. Phys. A787, 373c (2007).10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.12.058Suche in Google Scholar

78. Eichler, R., Aksenov, N. V., Belozerov, A. V., Bozhikov, G. A., Chepigin, V. I., Dmitriev, S. N., Dressler, R., Gäggler, H. W., Gorshkov, V. A., Haenssler, F., Itkis, M. G., Laube, A., Lebedev, V. Y., Malyshev, O. N., Oganessian, Y. T., Petrushkin, O. V., Piguet, D., Rasmussen, P., Shishkin, S. V., Shutov, A. V., Svirikhin, A. I., Tereshatov, E. E., Vostokin, G. K., Wegrzecki, M., Yeremin, A.: Chemical characterization of element 112. Nature 447, 72 (2007).10.1038/nature05761Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

79. Oganessian, Y. T., Utyonkov, V. K., Lobanov, Y. V., Abdullin, F. S., Polyakov, A. N., Shirokovsky, I. V., Tsyganov, Y. S., Gulbekian, G. G., Bogomolov, S. L., Gikal, B. N., Mezentsev, A. N., Iliev, S., Subbotin, V. G., Sukhov, A. M., Voinov, A. A., Buklanov, G. V., Subotic, K., Zagrebaev, V. I., Itkis, M. G., Patin, J. B., Moody, K. J., Wild, J. F., Stoyer, M. A., Stoyer, N. J., Shaughnessy, D. A., Kenneally, J. M., Wilk, P. A., Lougheed, R. W., Il’kaev, R. I., Vesnovskii, S. P.: Measurements of cross sections and decay properties of the isotopes of elements 112, 114, and 116 produced in the fusion reactions 233,238U, 242Pu, and 248Cm+48Ca. Phys. Rev. C 70, 064609 (2004).10.1103/PhysRevC.70.064609Suche in Google Scholar

80. Eichler, R., Aksenov, N. V., Belozerov, A. V., Bozhikov, G. A., Chepigin, V. I., Dmitriev, S. N., Dressler, R., Gäggeler, H. W., Gorshkov, A. V., Itkis, M. G., Haenssler, F., Laube, A., Lebedev, V. Y., Malyshev, O. N., Oganessian, Y. T., Petrushkin, O. V., Piguet, D., Popeko, A. G., Rasmussen, T., Shishkin, S. V., Serov, A. A., Shutov, A. V., Svirikhin, A. I., Tereshatov, E. E., Vostokin, G. K., Wegrzecki, M., Yeremin, A. V.: Thermochemical and physical properties of element 112. Angew. Chem. Intl. Ed. 47, 3262 (2008).10.1002/anie.200705019Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

81. Yakushev, A., Gates, J. M., Türler, A., Schädel, M., Düllmann, Ch. E., Ackermann, D., Andersson, L.-L., Block, M., Brüchle, W., Dvorak, J., Eberhardt, K., Essel, H. G., Even, J., Forsberg, U., Gorshkov, A., Graeger, R., Gregorich, K. E., Hartmann, W., Herzberg, R.-D., Heßberger, F. P., Hild, D., Hübner, A., Jäger, E., Khuyagbaatar, J., Kindler, B., Kratz, J. V., Krier, J., Kurz, N., Lommel, B., Niewisch, L. J., Nitsche, H., Omtvedt, J. P., Parr, E., Qin, Z., Rudolph, D., Runke, J., Schausten, B., Schimpf, E., Semchenkov, A., Steiner, J., Thörle-Pospiech, P., Uusitalo, J., Wegrzecki, M., Wiehl, N.: Superheavy element 114 is a volatile metal. Inorg. Chem. 53, 1624 (2014).10.1021/ic4026766Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

82. Steinegger, P., Asai, M., Dressler, R., Eichler, R., Kaneya, Y., Mitsukai, A., Nagame, Y., Piguet, D., Sato, T. K., Schädel, M., Takea, S., Toyoshima, A., Tsukada, K., Türler, A., Vascon, A.: Vacuum chromatography of Tl on SiO2 at the single-atom level. J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 7122 (2016).10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b12033Suche in Google Scholar

83. Düllmann, Ch. E., Folden III, C. M., Gregorich, K. E., Hoffman, D. C., Leitner, D., Pang, G. K., Sudowe, R., Zielinski, P. M., Nitsche, H.: Heavy-ion-induced production and physical preseparation of short-lived isotopes for chemistry experiments. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 551, 528 (2005).10.1016/j.nima.2005.05.077Suche in Google Scholar

84. Wang, Y., Qin, Z., Fan, F.-L., Fan, F.-Y., Cao, S.-W., Wu, X.-L., Zhang, X., Bai, J., Yin, X.-J., Tian, L.-L., Zhao, L., Tian, W., Li, Z., Tan, C.-M., Guo, J.-S., Gäggeler, H. W.: Gas-phase chemistry of Mo, Ru, W, and Os metal carbonyl complexes. Radiochim. Acta 102, 69 (2014).10.1515/ract-2014-2157Suche in Google Scholar

85. Eberhardt, K., Geppert, C.: The research reactor TRIGA Mainz – a strong and versatile neutron source for science and education. Radiochim. Acta 107, 535 (2019).10.1515/ract-2019-3127Suche in Google Scholar

86. Even, J., Yakushev, A., Düllmann, Ch. E., Dvorak, J., Eichler, R., Gothe, O., Hild, D., Jäger, E., Khuyagbaatar, J., Kratz, J. V., Krier, J., Niewisch, L., Nitsche, H., Pysmenetska, I., Schädel, M., Schausten, B., Türler, A., Wiehl, N., Wittwer, D.: Rapid synthesis of radioactive transition metal carbonyl complexes at ambient conditions. Inorg. Chem. 51, 6431 (2012).10.1021/ic300305mSuche in Google Scholar PubMed

87. Even, J., Yakushev, A., Düllmann, Ch. E., Dvorak, J., Eichler, R., Gothe, O., Hartmann, W., Hild, D., Jäger, E., Khuyagbaatar, J., Kindler, B., Kratz, J. V., Krier, J., Lommel, B., Niewisch, L., Nitsche, H., Pysmenetska, I., Schädel, M., Schausten, B., Türler, A., Wiehl, N., Wittwer, D.: In-situ formation, thermal decomposition, and adsorption studies of transition metal carbonyl complexes with short-lived radioisotopes. Radiochim. Acta 102, 1093 (2014).10.1515/ract-2013-2198Suche in Google Scholar

88. Eichler, R., Asai, M., Brand, H., Chiera, N. M., Di Nitto, A., Dressler, R., Düllmann, Ch. E., Even, J., Fangli, F., Götz, M., Haba, H., Hartmann, W., Jäger, E., Kaji, D., Kanaya, J., Kaneya, Y., Khuyagbaatar, J., Kindler, B., Komori, Y., Kraus, B., Kratz, J. V., Krier, J., Kudou, Y., Kurz, N., Miyashita, S., Morimoto, K., Morita, K., Murakami, M., Nagame, Y., Ooe, K., Piguet, D., Sato, N., Sato, T. K., Steiner, J., Steinegger, P., Sumita, T., Takeyama, M., Tanaka, K., Tomitsuka, T., Toyoshima, A., Tsukada, K., Türler, A., Usoltsev, I., Wakabayashi, Y., Wang, Y., Wiehl, N., Wittwer, Y., Yakushev, A., Yamaki, S., Yano, S., Yamaki, S., Qin, Z.: Complex chemistry with complex compounds. EPJ Web of Conferences 131, 07005 (2016).10.1051/epjconf/201613107005Suche in Google Scholar

89. Wang, Y., Qin, Z., Fan, F.-L., Haba, H., Komori, Y., Cao, S.-W., Wu, X.-L., Tan, C.-M.: Gas-phase chemistry of technetium carbonyl complexes. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17, 13228 (2015).10.1039/C5CP00979KSuche in Google Scholar PubMed

90. Even, J., Ackermann, D., Asai, M., Block, M., Brand, H., Di Nitto, A., Düllmann, Ch. E., Eichler, R., Fan, F., Haba, H., Hartmann, W., Hübner, A., Heßberger, F. P., Huang, M., Jäger, E., Kaji, D., Kanaya, J., Kaneya, Y., Khuyagbaatar, J., Kindler, B., Kratz, J. V., Krier, J., Kudou, Y., Kurz, N., Laatiaoui, M., Lommel, B., Maurer, J., Miyashita, S., Morimoto, K., Morita, K., Murakami, M., Nagame, Y., Nitsche, H., Ooe, K., Qin, Z., Sato, T. K., Schädel, M., Steiner, J., Sumita, T., Takeyama, M., Tanaka, K., Toyoshima, A., Tsukada, K., Türler, A., Usoltsev, I., Wakabayashi, Y., Wang, Y., Wiehl, N., Yakushev, A., Yamaki, S.: In-situ synthesis of volatile carbonyl complexes with short-lived nuclides. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 303, 2457 (2015).10.1007/s10967-014-3793-7Suche in Google Scholar

91. Cao, S., Wang, Y., Qin, Z., Fan, F., Haba, H., Komori, Y., Wu, X., Tan, C., Zhang, X.: Gas-phase chemistry of ruthenium and rhodium carbonyl complexes. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18, 119 (2016).10.1039/C5CP05670ESuche in Google Scholar PubMed

92. Gäggeler, H. W., Usoltsev, I., Eichler, R.: Reactions of fission products from a 252Cf source with NO and mixtures of NO and CO in an inert gas. Radiochim. Acta 107, 555 (2019).10.1515/ract-2018-3076Suche in Google Scholar

93. Ilias, M., Pershina, V.: Hexacarbonyls of Mo, W, and Sg: metal − CO bonding revisited. Inorg. Chem. 56, 1638 (2017).10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02759Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

94. Pershina, V., Iliaš, M.: Penta- and tetracarbonyls of Ru, Os, and Hs: Electronic structure, bonding, and volatility. J. Chem. Phys. 146, 184306 (2017).10.1063/1.4983125Suche in Google Scholar

95. Pershina, V., Iliaš, M.: Carbonyl compounds of Tc, Re, and Bh: Electronic structure, bonding, and volatility. J. Chem. Phys. 149, 204306 (2018).10.1063/1.5055066Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

96. Malli, G. L.: Effects of relativity for atomization and isomerization energies of seaborgium carbonyl SgCO and seaborgium isocarbonyl SgOC: Relativity predicts SgOC to be more stable than SgCO. AIP Advances 5, 127235 (2015).10.1063/1.4939565Suche in Google Scholar

Received: 2019-01-05
Accepted: 2019-03-14
Published Online: 2019-05-10
Published in Print: 2019-07-26

©2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Preface
  3. Günter Herrmann (1925–2017): A tribute to his research and organizational achievements
  4. The research reactor TRIGA Mainz – a strong and versatile neutron source for science and education
  5. Copper-catalyzed click reactions: quantification of retained copper using 64Cu-spiked Cu(I), exemplified for CuAAC reactions on liposomes
  6. Reactions of fission products from a 252Cf source with NO and mixtures of NO and CO in an inert gas
  7. From SRAFAP to ARCA and AIDA – developments and implementation of automated aqueous-phase rapid chemistry apparatuses for heavy actinides and transactinides
  8. Production and study of chemical properties of superheavy elements
  9. Precise ground state properties of the heaviest elements for studies of their atomic and nuclear structure
  10. Modeling the sorption of Np(V) on Na-montmorillonite – effects of pH, ionic strength and CO2
  11. Determination of complex formation constants of neptunium(V) with propionate and lactate in 0.5–2.6 m NaCl solutions at 22–60°C using a solvent extraction technique
  12. Nuclear forensics on uranium fuel pellets
  13. Recent developments in resonance ionization mass spectrometry for ultra-trace analysis of actinide elements
  14. Measurement of the laser resonance ionization efficiency for lutetium
https://doi.org/10.1515/ract-2019-0012
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Production of superheavy elements; chemical studies of transactinide elements

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Preface
  3. Günter Herrmann (1925–2017): A tribute to his research and organizational achievements
  4. The research reactor TRIGA Mainz – a strong and versatile neutron source for science and education
  5. Copper-catalyzed click reactions: quantification of retained copper using 64Cu-spiked Cu(I), exemplified for CuAAC reactions on liposomes
  6. Reactions of fission products from a 252Cf source with NO and mixtures of NO and CO in an inert gas
  7. From SRAFAP to ARCA and AIDA – developments and implementation of automated aqueous-phase rapid chemistry apparatuses for heavy actinides and transactinides
  8. Production and study of chemical properties of superheavy elements
  9. Precise ground state properties of the heaviest elements for studies of their atomic and nuclear structure
  10. Modeling the sorption of Np(V) on Na-montmorillonite – effects of pH, ionic strength and CO2
  11. Determination of complex formation constants of neptunium(V) with propionate and lactate in 0.5–2.6 m NaCl solutions at 22–60°C using a solvent extraction technique
  12. Nuclear forensics on uranium fuel pellets
  13. Recent developments in resonance ionization mass spectrometry for ultra-trace analysis of actinide elements
  14. Measurement of the laser resonance ionization efficiency for lutetium
Jetzt anmelden und 20% sparen
Institutioneller Zugang
Wie funktioniert Authentifizierung?
Haben Sie eine Idee, wie wir unsere Website verbessern können?
Bitte schreiben Sie uns.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Heruntergeladen am 16.12.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/ract-2019-0012/html
Button zum nach oben scrollen