Simultaneous remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metals in wastewater with zerovalent iron-titanium oxide nanoparticles (ZVI-TiO2)
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Peter Mensah
,
Temitope Osobamiro
Abstract
The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HM) in wastewater is a major challenge to the environment as various approaches have been used to remediate these contaminants from the environment. Zerovalent iron-titanium oxide nanoparticle (ZVI-TiO2 NPs) was synthesized by wet reflux in an inert environment using nitrogen gas and sodium borohydride as reducing agents. Characterization was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with electron diffraction X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). Assessments of the wastewater were carried out with atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) for HM and a gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GCMS) for PAHs to determine the initial concentration (C i) compared with permissible limits of surface water and adsorption capacity with ZVI-TiO2 NPs (C f), respectively. The results obtained indicate a percentage yield of 65.51 ± 0.01 of ZVI-TiO2 NPs, with a particle size of 100 nm, weight composition of iron, titanium, and oxygen at 49.69, 5.24, and 35.41 g, respectively. FTIR shows a vibrational change of 3465, 2929, and 1641 cm−1 of OH, CH, and CO group needed for metal binding and adsorption. Remediation of HM after acid digestion gave effective removal of zinc, copper, cadmium, cobalt, and lead at an adsorption capacity of 64.29, 54.83, 53.13, 48.39, and 42.66% respectively. The adsorptions of benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and perylene were 77.87, 67.85, 52.17, 29.50, and 25.45%, respectively. These results indicate that metal/metal oxide (ZVI-TiO2) nanoparticles have a high potential in the remediation of heavy metals and PAHs from the water ecosystem.
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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Articles in the same Issue
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- Reviews
- Synthesis and application of organotellurium compounds
- Tellurium-based chemical sensors
- Synthesis of antiviral drugs by using carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond formation under greener conditions
- Green protocols for Tsuji–Trost allylation: an overview
- Chemistry of tellurium containing macrocycles
- Tellurium-induced cyclization of olefinic compounds
- Latest developments on the synthesis of bioactive organotellurium scaffolds
- Tellurium-based solar cells
- Semiconductor characteristics of tellurium and its implementations
- Tellurium based materials for nonlinear optical applications
- Pharmaceutical cocrystal consisting of ascorbic acid with p-aminobenzoic acid and paracetamol
- Carbocatalysis: a metal free green avenue towards carbon–carbon/heteroatom bond construction
- Physico-chemical and nutraceutical properties of Cola lepidota seed oil
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- Optimization of electrolysis and carbon capture processes for sustainable production of chemicals through Power-to-X
- Tellurium-induced functional group activation
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- Process intensification and digital twin – the potential for the energy transition in process industries
- Photovoltaic properties of novel reactive azobenzoquinolines: experimental and theoretical investigations
- Accessing the environmental impact of tellurium metal
- Membrane-based processes in essential oils production
- Development of future-proof supply concepts for sector-coupled district heating systems based on scenario-analysis
- Educators’ reflections on the teaching and learning of the periodic table of elements at the upper secondary level: a case study
- Optimization of hydrogen supply from renewable electricity including cavern storage
- A short review on cancer therapeutics
- The role of bioprocess systems engineering in extracting chemicals and energy from microalgae
- The topology of crystalline matter
- Characterization of lignocellulosic S. persica fibre and its composites: a review
- Constructing a framework for selecting natural fibres as reinforcements composites based on grey relational analysis
- Polybutylene succinate (PBS)/natural fiber green composites: melt blending processes and tensile properties
- The properties of 3D printed poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene-adipate-terephthalate) (PBAT) blend and oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) reinforced PLA/PBAT composites used in fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing
- Thermal properties of wood flour reinforced polyamide 6 biocomposites by twin screw extrusion
- Manufacturing defects and interfacial adhesion of Arenga Pinnata and kenaf fibre reinforced fibreglass/kevlar hybrid composite in boat construction application
- Wettability of keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) wood after weathering under tropical climate
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- Synthesis and application of organotellurium compounds
- Tellurium-based chemical sensors
- Synthesis of antiviral drugs by using carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond formation under greener conditions
- Green protocols for Tsuji–Trost allylation: an overview
- Chemistry of tellurium containing macrocycles
- Tellurium-induced cyclization of olefinic compounds
- Latest developments on the synthesis of bioactive organotellurium scaffolds
- Tellurium-based solar cells
- Semiconductor characteristics of tellurium and its implementations
- Tellurium based materials for nonlinear optical applications
- Pharmaceutical cocrystal consisting of ascorbic acid with p-aminobenzoic acid and paracetamol
- Carbocatalysis: a metal free green avenue towards carbon–carbon/heteroatom bond construction
- Physico-chemical and nutraceutical properties of Cola lepidota seed oil
- Cyclohexane oxidation using advanced oxidation processes with metals and metal oxides as catalysts: a review
- Optimization of electrolysis and carbon capture processes for sustainable production of chemicals through Power-to-X
- Tellurium-induced functional group activation
- Synthesis, characterization, and theoretical investigation of 4-chloro-6(phenylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)asmino-4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)thiazol-5-yl-diazenyl)phenyl as potential SARS-CoV-2 agent
- Process intensification and digital twin – the potential for the energy transition in process industries
- Photovoltaic properties of novel reactive azobenzoquinolines: experimental and theoretical investigations
- Accessing the environmental impact of tellurium metal
- Membrane-based processes in essential oils production
- Development of future-proof supply concepts for sector-coupled district heating systems based on scenario-analysis
- Educators’ reflections on the teaching and learning of the periodic table of elements at the upper secondary level: a case study
- Optimization of hydrogen supply from renewable electricity including cavern storage
- A short review on cancer therapeutics
- The role of bioprocess systems engineering in extracting chemicals and energy from microalgae
- The topology of crystalline matter
- Characterization of lignocellulosic S. persica fibre and its composites: a review
- Constructing a framework for selecting natural fibres as reinforcements composites based on grey relational analysis
- Polybutylene succinate (PBS)/natural fiber green composites: melt blending processes and tensile properties
- The properties of 3D printed poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene-adipate-terephthalate) (PBAT) blend and oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) reinforced PLA/PBAT composites used in fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing
- Thermal properties of wood flour reinforced polyamide 6 biocomposites by twin screw extrusion
- Manufacturing defects and interfacial adhesion of Arenga Pinnata and kenaf fibre reinforced fibreglass/kevlar hybrid composite in boat construction application
- Wettability of keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) wood after weathering under tropical climate
- Simultaneous remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metals in wastewater with zerovalent iron-titanium oxide nanoparticles (ZVI-TiO2)
