Abstract
Using the GiNZA v4 natural language processing library, this study examines the case marking richness and word order flexibility in Japanese dialects across 47 regions to investigate the dynamic self-adaptation within the language subsystem, specifically morphology and syntax. Case marking richness is evaluated using the moving-average mean size of paradigm, while word order flexibility is assessed through entropy. The findings reveal a positive correlation between case marking richness and word order flexibility, providing empirical support for the “complexity trade-off hypothesis”. Leveraging the distinct morphosyntactic features inherent in dialects, this study proposes a hypothesis for categorizing Japanese dialects.
Funding source: National Foundation of Social Sciences
Award Identifier / Grant number: 22BYY186
Acknowledgment
We would like to extend our sincere gratitude to the reviewer(s) for their invaluable feedback. Their insightful comments have significantly enhanced the quality of the manuscript.
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Research funding: This paper is based on work that was supported by the National Foundation of Social Sciences (22BYY186) to Wenchao Li.
Data
| Locations | Code | Recording year | Audio length | Text words | Male participants | Female participants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hokkaido, Toyokoro | Hokkaidoo | 1978 | 0:37:16 | 17,696 | 1 | 2 |
| Aomori, Kitatsugaru | Aomori_K | 1979 | 0:17:04 | 11,217 | 2 | 4 |
| Aomori, Hirosaki | Aomori_H | 1978, 1980 | 0:30:59 | 10,710 | 2 | 0 |
| Iwate, Tono | Iwate | 1980 | 0:46:59 | 22,877 | 1 | 1 |
| Miyagi, Sendai | Miyagi | 1977 | 0:33:50 | 15,118 | 4 | 0 |
| Akita, Yuzawa | Akita | 1977 | 0:25:52 | 10,989 | 1 | 2 |
| Yamagata, Kushibiki | Yamagata | 1980 | 0:26:51 | 12,752 | 2 | 2 |
| Fukushima, Aidzutakada | Fukushima_K | Unknown | 0:35:28 | 8,910 | 5 | 1 |
| Fukushima, Showa | Fukushima_S | 1982 | 0:41:36 | 15,034 | 4 | 2 |
| Ibaraki, Takahagi | Ibaraki_T | 1982 | 0:32:05 | 14,603 | 4 | 0 |
| Ibaraki, Mito | Ibaraki_M | 1982 | 0:38:54 | 15,406 | 2 | 1 |
| Tochigi, Nikko | Tochigi | 1979 | 0:34:44 | 13,531 | 2 | 2 |
| Gunma, Maebashi | Gunma_M | 1983 | 0:39:34 | 19,109 | 2 | 2 |
| Gunma, Shimonita | Gunma_S | 1983 | 0:42:18 | 12,165 | 2 | 2 |
| Saitama, Kamisato | Saitama | 1981 | 0:37:57 | 11,567 | 2 | 1 |
| Chiba, Inzai | Chiba_I | 1978 | 0:31:00 | 12,224 | 2 | 0 |
| Chiba, Chosei | Chiba_N | 1977 | 0:37:56 | 16,662 | 2 | 1 |
| Tokyo, Taito | Tokyo_T | 1982 | 0:44:37 | 24,132 | 2 | 3 |
| Tokyo, Hinohara | Tokyo_H | 1979, 1980 | 0:44:55 | 19,083 | 4 | 3 |
| Kanagawa, Odawara | Kanagawa | 1983 | 0:30:40 | 12,781 | 3 | 1 |
| Niigata, Itoigawa | Niigata | 1980 | 0:36:44 | 16,361 | 4 | 1 |
| Toyama, Toyama | Toyama_T | 1981 | 0:32:34 | 19,500 | 2 | 2 |
| Toyama, Tonami | Toyama_Ton | 1981 | 0:22:01 | 10,907 | 1 | 2 |
| Ishikawa, Oshimizu | Ishikawa | 1977 | 0:21:31 | 8,484 | 2 | 1 |
| Fukui, Awara | Fukui_S | 1983 | 0:35:48 | 14,066 | 1 | 2 |
| Fukui, Katsuyama | Fukui_K | 1982 | 0:23:12 | 12,257 | 2 | 2 |
| Yamanashi, Shioyama | Yamanashi | 1978 | 0:26:37 | 12,095 | 3 | 2 |
| Nagano, Kaida | Nagano | 1978 | 1:00:43 | 19,161 | 4 | 2 |
| Gifu, Nakatsugawa | Gifu_N | 1979 | 0:14:09 | 4,486 | 2 | 1 |
| Gifu, Gifu | Gifu_G | 1979 | 0:38:44 | 14,375 | 3 | 1 |
| Shizuoka, Shizuoka | Shizuoka | 1979 | 0:23:48 | 11,554 | 3 | 1 |
| Aichi, Tokoname | Aichi | 1981, 1982 | 1:28:24 | 12,578 | 6 | 3 |
| Mie, Ago | Mie | 1981 | 0:40:15 | 16,212 | 4 | 1 |
| Shiga, Koka | Shiga | 1981 | 0:39:33 | 15,512 | 4 | 1 |
| Kyoto, Kyoto | Kyoto | 1983, 1984 | 1:40:44 | 14,566 | 7 | 14 |
| Osaka, Takatsuki | Osaka_T | 1977 | 0:06:47 | 3,529 | 4 | 1 |
| Osaka, Osaka | Osaka_O | 1979 | 0:30:45 | 15,183 | 3 | 0 |
| Osaka, Kawachi-Nagano | Osaka_K | 1977 | 0:30:38 | 14,557 | 4 | 2 |
| Hyogo, Aioi | Hyogo_A | 1985 | 0:30:35 | 16,541 | 1 | 1 |
| Hyogo, Sumoto | Hyogo_S | 1985 | 0:28:32 | 10,541 | 3 | 1 |
| Nara, Gojo | Nara | 1981 | 0:33:57 | 12,653 | 1 | 1 |
| Wakayama, Tanabe | Wakayama | 1981 | 0:31:43 | 14,717 | 2 | 2 |
| Tottori, Yonago | Tottori | 1984 | 0:05:28 | 2,231 | 1 | 1 |
| Shimane, Nita | Shimane | 1980 | 0:35:19 | 12,761 | 1 | 2 |
| Okayama, Yakage | Okayama | 1979 | 0:27:42 | 14,970 | 1 | 1 |
| Hiroshima, Hiroshima | Hiroshima | 1977 | 0:38:13 | 15,404 | 2 | 4 |
| Yamaguchi, Toyohoku | Yamaguchi | 1978 | 0:37:17 | 18,683 | 4 | 2 |
| Tokushima, Anan | Tokushima | 1981 | 0:36:50 | 15,043 | 2 | 2 |
| Kagawa, Kannonji | Kagawa | 1978 | 0:36:05 | 16,986 | 1 | 2 |
| Ehime, Matsuyama | Ehime | 1981 | 0:32:56 | 15,652 | 1 | 1 |
| Kochi, Kochi | Koochi | 1977 | 0:33:47 | 17,843 | 1 | 1 |
| Fukuoka, Kitakyushu | Fukuoka_K | 1981 | 1:01:07 | 25,940 | 3 | 0 |
| Saga, Saga | Saga | 1978 | 0:20:58 | 12,579 | 1 | 2 |
| Nagasaki, Hirado | Nagasaki | 1983 | 0:24:36 | 7,777 | 1 | 1 |
| Kumamoto, Kumamoto | Kumamoto_K | 1980, 1981 | 0:40:52 | 19,028 | 1 | 5 |
| Kumamoto, Nishiki | Kumamoto_N | 1980 | 0:21:11 | 9,558 | 2 | 1 |
| Oita, USA | Oita_U | 1978 | 0:31:22 | 8,542 | 2 | 0 |
| Oita, Hasama | Oita_O | 1979 | 0:31:00 | 10,419 | 3 | 0 |
| Miyazaki, Miyazaki | Miyazaki | 1981 | 0:22:39 | 9,731 | 1 | 1 |
| Kagoshima, Eicho | Kagoshima | 1977 | 0:34:37 | 12,712 | 2 | 1 |
| Okinawa, Nakijin | Okinawa_N | 1978 | 0:18:28 | 9,127 | 1 | 1 |
| Okinawa, Hirara | Okinawa_H | 1978 | 0:12:02 | 5,609 | 1 | 2 |
| Okinawa, Yonaguni | Okinawa_Y | 1979 | 0:32:52 | 18,361 | 0 | 3 |
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© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Metaphors across cultures
- Complexity trade-off in morphosyntactic module: suggestions from Japanese dialects
- The syntactic variety and semantic unity of the V de resultative construction in Mandarin Chinese
- A multi-dimensional analysis of corporate blogs
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Metaphors across cultures
- Complexity trade-off in morphosyntactic module: suggestions from Japanese dialects
- The syntactic variety and semantic unity of the V de resultative construction in Mandarin Chinese
- A multi-dimensional analysis of corporate blogs