Home Study on the thermal insulation performance of the core–shell skeleton graphene oxide/carbon composite aerogel
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Study on the thermal insulation performance of the core–shell skeleton graphene oxide/carbon composite aerogel

  • Hongli Liu , Peng Wang , Wenjin Yuan EMAIL logo and Hongyan Li
Published/Copyright: October 4, 2021
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Journal of Polymer Engineering
From the journal Journal of Polymer Engineering Volume 41 Issue 10

Abstract

Phenolic resin (PR) was grafted onto the surface of graphene oxide (GO) through π–π conjugation and chemical bonding. After carbonization, organic compounds turned into carbon layers with a thickness of about 10 nm and coated on the surface of GO formed a core–shell structure. Besides, the adiabatic interface formed during organic carbonization can effectively connect the aerogels into a three-dimensional network. The optimum mass ratio of GO was determined to be 10 wt% in the preparation of the precursor aerogel. The adiabatic interfaces (carbon) between GO lamellae could effectively reduce the solid phase heat transfer in aerogels (thermal conductivity is 0.0457 W m−1 K−1). At the same time, the existence of GO also ensured better mechanical properties of GO/carbon composite aerogel (compressive strength is 2.43 MPa) compared with the pure carbon aerogel (1.52 MPa), demonstrating the excellent heat-shielding performance and mechanical property of GO/carbon aerogel.

Keywords: carbonaerogels; grapheneoxide; mechanical property; phenolic resin; thermal insulation
Corresponding author: Wenjin Yuan, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, 26 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China, E-mail:

Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China

Award Identifier / Grant number: (No. 51772202)

  1. Author contribution: Hongli Liu and Wenjin Yuan conceived and enabled the research. Hongli Liu performed the material synthesis, physical and adsorption characterization. Hongli Liu and Peng Wang contributed to the experimental results analysis and writing the manuscript. Wenjin Yuan contributed to revise the manuscript. Hongyan Li assisted in the result discussion.

  2. Research funding: This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51772202).

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

References

1. Chang, Y. M., Wu, C. Y., Wu, P. W. Synthesis of large surface area carbon xerogels for electrochemical double layer capacitors. J. Power Sources 2013, 223, 147–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.09.066.Search in Google Scholar

2. Al-Muhtaseb, S. A., Ritter, J. A. Preparation and properties of resorcinol-formaldehyde organic and carbon gels. Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200390020.Search in Google Scholar

3. Feng, J., Zhang, C. Thermal conductivity of low density carbon aerogels. J. Porous Mater. 2012, 19, 551–556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-011-9504-7.Search in Google Scholar

4. Mulik, S., Sotiriou-Leventis, C., Leventis, N. Time-efficient acid-catalyzed synthesis of resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels. Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 6138–6144. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm071572m.Search in Google Scholar

5. Hanzawa, Y., Hatori, H., Yoshizawa, N., Yamada, Y. Structural changes in carbon aerogels with high temperature treatment. Carbon 2002, 40, 575–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6223(01)00150-6.Search in Google Scholar

6. Si, J., Li, J., Wang, S., Li, Y., Jing, X. Enhanced thermal resistance of phenolic resin composites at low loading of graphene oxide. Composites, Part A 2013, 54, 166–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.07.019.Search in Google Scholar

7. Mirzapour, A., Asadollahi, M. H., Baghshaei, S., Akbari, M. Effect of nanosilica on the microstructure, thermal properties and bending strength of nanosilica modified carbon fiber/phenolic nanocomposite. Composites, Part A 2014, 63, 159–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.04.009.Search in Google Scholar

8. Wang, S., Wang, Y., Bian, C., Zhong, Y., Jing, X. The thermal stability and pyrolysis mechanism of boron-containing phenolic resins: the effect of phenyl borates on the char formation. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2015, 331, 519–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.01.062.Search in Google Scholar

9. Li, C., Ma, Z., Zhang, X., Fan, H., Wan, J. Silicone-modified phenolic resin: relation-ships between molecular structure and curing behavior. Thermochim. Acta 2016, 639, 53–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2016.07.011.Search in Google Scholar

10. Liu, C., Li, K., Li, H., Zhang, S., Zhang, Y. The effect of zirconium incorporation on the thermal stability and carbonized product of phenol–formaldehyde resin. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 2014, 102, 180–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.01.013.Search in Google Scholar

11. Zhang, Y., Shen, S., Liu, Y. The effect of titanium incorporation on the thermal stability of phenol-formaldehyde resin and its carbonization microstructure. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 2013, 98, 514–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.12.006.Search in Google Scholar

12. Robert, T. M., Chandran, M. S., Jishnu, S., Sunitha, K., Rajeev, R. S., Mathew, D., Sreenivas, N., Pillai, L. A., Nair, C. P. R. Nanoclay modified silica phenolic composites: mechanical properties and thermal response under simulated atmospheric re-entry conditions. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2015, 26, 104–109. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.3429.Search in Google Scholar

13. Srikanth, I., Padmavathi, N., Kumar, S., Ghosal, P., Kumar, A., Subrahmanyam, C. Mechanical, thermal and ablative properties of zirconia, CNT modified carbon/phenolic composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2013, 80, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.03.005.Search in Google Scholar

14. Song, S. A., Chung, Y. S., Kim, S. S. The mechanical and thermal characteristics of phenolic foams reinforced with carbon nanoparticles. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2014, 103, 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.08.013.Search in Google Scholar

15. Amir, A., Mahalingam, S., Wu, X., Porwal, H., Colombo, P., Reece, M. J., Edirisinghe, M. Graphene nanoplatelets loaded polyurethane and phenolic resin fibres by combination of pressure and gyration. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2016, 129, 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.03.031.Search in Google Scholar

16. Yum, S. H., Kim, S. H., Lee, W. I., Kim, H. Improvement of ablation resistance of phenolic composites reinforced with low concentrations of carbon nanotubes. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2015, 121, 16–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.10.016.Search in Google Scholar

17. Park, J. K., Cho, D., Kang, T. J. A comparison of the interfacial, thermal, and ablative properties between spun and filament yarn type carbon fabric/phenolic composites. Carbon 2004, 42, 795–804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2004.01.046.Search in Google Scholar

18. Yang, J., Li, S., Luo, Y., Yan, L. Compressive properties and fracture behavior of ceramic fiber-reinforced carbon aerogel under quasi-static and dynamic loading. Carbon 2011, 49, 1542–1549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.12.021.Search in Google Scholar

19. Cheng, H., Xue, H., Hong, C. Characterization, thermal and mechanical properties and hydrophobicity of resorcinol-furfural/silicone hybrid aerogels synthesized by ambient-pressure drying. RSC Adv. 2016, 6, 75793–75805. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09557g.Search in Google Scholar

20. Compton, C., Nguyen, S. T. Graphene oxide, highly reduced graphene oxide, and graphene: versatile building blocks for carbon-based materials. Small 2010, 6, 711–723. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200901934.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

21. Podsiadlo, P., Kaushik, A. K., Arruda, E. M., Waas, A. M., Shim, B. S., Xu, J., Nandivada, H., Pumplin, B. G., Lahann, J., Ramamoorthy, A. Ultrastrong and stiff layered polymer nanocomposites. Science 2007, 318, 80–83. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1143176.Search in Google Scholar

22. Stankovich, S., Dikin, D. A., Piner, R. D., Kohlhaas, K. A., Kleinhammes, A., Jia, Y., Wu, Y., Nguyen, S. T., Ruoff, R. S. Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. Carbon 2007, 45, 1558–1565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2007.02.034.Search in Google Scholar

23. Geim, A. K. Graphene: status and prospects. Science 2009, 324, 1530–1534. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1158877.Search in Google Scholar

24. Liang, J., Huang, Y., Zhang, L. Molecular-level dispersion of graphene into poly (vinyl alcohol) and effective reinforcement of their nanocomposites. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2010, 19, 2297–2302.10.1002/adfm.200801776Search in Google Scholar

25. Sun, W., Du, A., Tang, J. J. Ultra-low-density GNS/CA composite aerogels with ultra-high specific surface for dye removal. Sol Gel Sci. Technol 2016, 80, 68–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4047-7.Search in Google Scholar

26. Meng, F., Zhang, X., Luo, Y. Alkali-treated graphene oxide as a solid base catalyst: synthesis and electrochemical capacitance of graphene/carbon composite. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 18537–18539. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1jm13960f.Search in Google Scholar

27. Pekala, R. W., Kong, F. M. Resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels and their carbonized derivatives. Polym. Preprint. 1989, 30, 221–223.Search in Google Scholar

28. Tamon, H., Ishizaka, H., Mikami, M., Okazaki, M. Porous structure of organic and carbon aerogels synthesized by sol-gel polycondensation of resorcinol with formaldehyde. Carbon 1997, 35, 791–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6223(97)00024-9.Search in Google Scholar

29. Zanto, E. J., Shaheen, A. M., Ritter, J. A. Sol-gel-derived carbon aerogels and xerogels: design of experiments approach to materials synthesis. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2002, 41, 3151–3162. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie020048g.Search in Google Scholar

30. Tamon, H., Ishizaka, H., Mikami, M., Okazaki, M. Porous structure of organic and carbon aerogels synthesized by sol-gel polycondensation of resorcinol with formaldehyde. Carbon 1997, 35, 791–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6223(97)00024-9.Search in Google Scholar

31. Yamamoto, T., Nishimura, T., Suzuki, T., Tamon, H. Control of mesoporosity of carbon gels prepared by sol-gel polycondensation and freeze drying. J. Non Cryst. Solids 2001, 288, 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(01)00619-6.Search in Google Scholar

32. He, J., Zhao, H. Y., Li, X. L., Su, D., Ji, H., Yu, H., Hu, Z. Large-scale and ultra-low thermal conductivity of ZrO2 fibro felt/ZrO2-SiO2 aerogels composites for thermal insulation. Ceram. Int. 2018, 8, 8742–8748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.01.089.Search in Google Scholar

33. Jia, X. F., Dai, B. W., Zhu, Z., Wang, J., Qiao, W., Long, D., Ling, L. Strong and machinable carbon aerogel monoliths with low thermal conductivity prepared via ambient pressure drying. Carbon 2016, 108, 551–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.07.060.Search in Google Scholar

34. Zheng, Z., Zhao, Y., Hu, J. Flexible, strong, multifunctional graphene oxide/silica-based composite aerogels via a double-cross-linked network approach. ACS Appl. Mater 2020, 12, 47854–47864. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c14333.Search in Google Scholar

35. Trick, K. A., Saliba, T. E. Mechanisms of the pyrolysis of phenolic resin in a carbon/phenolic composite. Carbon 1995, 33, 1509–1515. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(95)00092-r.Search in Google Scholar

36. Wong, H. W., Peck, J., Bonomi, R. E., Assif, J., Panerai, F., Reinisch, G., Lachaud, J., Mansour, N. N. Quantitative determination of species production from phenol-form-aldehyde resin pyrolysis. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 2015, 112, 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.12.020.Search in Google Scholar

37. Wang, C., Jin, X., Cheng, H. Organic aerogel-impregnated low-density carbon/carbon composites: preparation, properties and response under simulated atmospheric re-entry conditions. Mater. Des. 2017, 131, 177–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.06.021.Search in Google Scholar

38. Wu, Q., Gong, L.-X., Yang, L. Efficient flame detection and early warning sensors on combustible materials using hierarchical graphene oxide/silicone coatings. ACS Nano 2018, 12, 416–424. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b06590.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

39. Zhang, Z.-H., Zhang, J.-W., Cao, C.-F. Temperature-responsive resistance sensitivity controlled by L-ascorbic acid and silane co-functionalization in flame-retardant GO network for efficient fire early-warning response. Chem. Eng. J. 2020, 386, 123894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.123894.Search in Google Scholar

40. Xu, H., Yang, L., Huang, N.-J. Temperature-triggered sensitive resistance transition of graphene oxide wide-ribbons wrapped sponge for fire ultrafast detecting and early warning. J. Hazard Mater. 2019, 363, 286–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.082.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

41. Guo, K.-Y., Wu, Q., Mao, M. Water-based hybrid coatings toward mechanically flexible, super-hydrophobic and flame-retardant polyurethane foam nanocomposites with high-efficiency and reliable fire alarm response. Composites Part B 2020, 193, 108017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108017.Search in Google Scholar

42. He, C., He, Y. L., Xie, T., Liu, Q. Predictions of the effective thermal conductivity for aerogel-fiber composite insulation materials using lattice Boltzmann method. J. Eng. Thermophys. 2013, 34, 742–745.Search in Google Scholar

43. Qu, Z. G., Fu, Y. D., Liu, Y., Zhou, L. Approach for predicting effective thermal conductivity of aerogel materials through a modified lattice Boltzmann method. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2018, 132, 730–739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.01.013.Search in Google Scholar

44. Zhao, S., Jian, C., Zhang, G. An alternative avenue for high-performance phenolic resin/graphene composite. Polym. Compos. 2019, 1–9.10.1002/pc.25286Search in Google Scholar
Received: 2021-04-17
Accepted: 2021-09-23
Published Online: 2021-10-04
Published in Print: 2021-11-25

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Material properties
  3. The effects of ZnO nanoparticle reinforcement on thermostability, mechanical, and optical properties of the biodegradable PBAT film
  4. The effect of fibre surface treatment and coupling agents to improve the performance of natural fibres in PLA composites
  5. Effects of infill pattern and density on wear performance of FDM-printed acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene parts
  6. Preparation and assembly
  7. Study on the thermal insulation performance of the core–shell skeleton graphene oxide/carbon composite aerogel
  8. Engineering and processing
  9. Design criteria for the pin-foot ratio for joining adhesion-incompatible polymers using pin-like structures in vibration welding process
  10. Numerical investigation of tubular expansion and swelling elastomers in oil wells
https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2021-0109
Keywords for this article
carbonaerogels; grapheneoxide; mechanical property; phenolic resin; thermal insulation

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Material properties
  3. The effects of ZnO nanoparticle reinforcement on thermostability, mechanical, and optical properties of the biodegradable PBAT film
  4. The effect of fibre surface treatment and coupling agents to improve the performance of natural fibres in PLA composites
  5. Effects of infill pattern and density on wear performance of FDM-printed acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene parts
  6. Preparation and assembly
  7. Study on the thermal insulation performance of the core–shell skeleton graphene oxide/carbon composite aerogel
  8. Engineering and processing
  9. Design criteria for the pin-foot ratio for joining adhesion-incompatible polymers using pin-like structures in vibration welding process
  10. Numerical investigation of tubular expansion and swelling elastomers in oil wells
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 3.12.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/polyeng-2021-0109/html
Scroll to top button