Abstract
Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites have been widely explored by many researchers due to their improved modulus and lightness compared to other conventional construction materials such as wood, metal, and steel. Cultivators only harvest banana and plantain fruits for food and leaves for food wrapping. The other portions of the plant are considered as wastes and a potential resource of natural fibers used as reinforcement in composites. Over the years, a plethora of research works has been done on banana and plantain fibers as fillers in plastic composites. Comprehensive catalogues of preparation techniques and mechanical properties were presented. The mechanical properties of banana fiber reinforcement in polyester and epoxy composites were compared to and contrasted with those of other natural fibers to elucidate its superiority or inferiority to those materials. This work gives an overview of the current state of knowledge of banana fiber-reinforced composites alongside the available research gaps.
References
[1] Xu S, Xiong C, Tan W, Zhang Y. BioResources 2015, 10, 3724–3735.10.15376/biores.10.2.3724-3735Suche in Google Scholar
[2] Monteiro SN, Margem FM, Loiola RL, de Assis FS, Oliveira MP. Mat. Sci. Forum 2014, 775, 250–254.10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.775-776.250Suche in Google Scholar
[3] Sathiyamurthy S, Thaheer A, Jayabal S. Indian J. Eng. Mater. Sci. 2013, 20, 59–67.Suche in Google Scholar
[4] Adekomaya O, Adama K. Niger. J. Technol. 2017, 36, 782–787.10.4314/njt.v36i3.17Suche in Google Scholar
[5] Singha AS, Rana RK, Rana A. Adv. Mater. Res. 2010, 123–125, 1175–1178.10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.123-125.1175Suche in Google Scholar
[6] Mahaboob S. Banana Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials. Singh DH, Ed., IIT Ropar: India, 2011.Suche in Google Scholar
[7] Arpitha G, Yogesha B. Mater. Today Proc. 2017, 4, 2755–2760.10.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.153Suche in Google Scholar
[8] Aminudin E, Din MFM, Mohamad Z, Noor ZZ, Iwao K. International Conference on Environment and Industrial Innovation IPCBEE, 2011.Suche in Google Scholar
[9] Arun A, Sathyaseelan R, Tamilselvan M, Gowtham M, Karthikeyan A. Int. J. ChemTech Res. 2016, 9, 932–940.Suche in Google Scholar
[10] Li X, Tabil LG, Panigrahi S. J. Polym. Environ. 2007, 15, 25–33.10.1007/s10924-006-0042-3Suche in Google Scholar
[11] Sakthivei M, Ramesh S. Sci. Park Int. Recogn. Res. J. 2013, 1, 1–6.Suche in Google Scholar
[12] Mohammed L, Ansari MN, Pua G, Jawaid M, Islam MS. Int. J. Polym. Sci. 2015, 2015, 15.10.1155/2015/243947Suche in Google Scholar
[13] Sathiyamoorthy VP, Aravind KG, Durai PKC. Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol. (IRJET) 2017, 4, 221–227.Suche in Google Scholar
[14] GVR. Natural Fiber Composites (NFC) Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report 2018–2024. 2018, 139.Suche in Google Scholar
[15] Swift TK, Moore M, Sanchez E. Plastics and Polymer Composites in Light Vehicles, Economics and Statistics Department/American Chemistry Council, 2015.Suche in Google Scholar
[16] Agung E, Sapuan SM, Hamdan MM, Zaman HMDK, Mustofa U. Polym. Polym. Compos. 2011, 19, 697–710.10.1177/096739111101900811Suche in Google Scholar
[17] Pickering KL, Efendy MA, Le TM. Composites A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2016, 83, 98–112.10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.08.038Suche in Google Scholar
[18] Adjovi EC, Olodo ET, Niang F, Guitard D, Foudjet A, Kamdem DP. Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res. 2013, 4, 344–347.Suche in Google Scholar
[19] Abdulkareem S, Raji S, Adeniyi A. Niger. J. Technol. Dev. 2017, 14, 18–22.10.4314/njtd.v14i1.3Suche in Google Scholar
[20] Reddy KO, Maheswari CU, Shukla M, Song JI, Rajulu AV. Composites B: Eng. 2013, 44, 433–438.10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.04.075Suche in Google Scholar
[21] Reddy KO, Guduri B, Rajulu AV. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2009, 114, 603–611.10.1002/app.30584Suche in Google Scholar
[22] Lyn N. Effect of the Chemical Treatment on the Inorganic Content of Kenaf Fibers and on the Performance of Kenaf-Polypropylene Composites, University of Waterloo: Canada, 2018.Suche in Google Scholar
[23] Tawakkal I, Talib RA, Khalina A, Chin N, Ibrahim MN. Asian J. Chem. 2010, 22, 6652–6662.Suche in Google Scholar
[24] Guleria A, Singha AS, Rana RK. Adv. Polym. Technol. 2018, 37, 104–112.10.1002/adv.21646Suche in Google Scholar
[25] Bakri MKB, Jayamani E. Futuristic Trends Eng. Sci. Humanit. Technol., FTESHT-16 2016, 167.Suche in Google Scholar
[26] Abdulkareem S, Adeniyi A. Niger. J. Technol. 2017, 36, 788–793.10.4314/njt.v36i3.18Suche in Google Scholar
[27] Okubo K, Fujii T, Yamamoto Y. Composites A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2004, 35, 377–383.10.1016/j.compositesa.2003.09.017Suche in Google Scholar
[28] Thwe MM, Liao K. Plast. Rubber Compos. 2002, 31, 422–431.10.1179/146580102225006378Suche in Google Scholar
[29] Cai M, Takagi H, Nakagaito AN, Katoh M, Ueki T, Waterhouse GI, Li Y. Ind. Crops Prod. 2015, 65, 27–35.10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.11.048Suche in Google Scholar
[30] Brígida A, Calado VMA, Gonçalves LRB, Coelho MAZ. Carbohydr. Polym. 2010, 79, 832–838.10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.10.005Suche in Google Scholar
[31] Abdulkareem SA, Adeniyi AG. ABUAD J. Eng. Res. Dev. (AJERD) 2018, 1, 199–204.Suche in Google Scholar
[32] Bankoti H, Kumar G, Chandra D, Saxena A. Int. J. Emerging Technol. 2017, 8, 758–763.Suche in Google Scholar
[33] Fiore V, Scalici T, Nicoletti F, Vitale G, Prestipino M, Valenza A. Composites B: Eng. 2016, 85, 150–160.10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.09.028Suche in Google Scholar
[34] Hemachandran R, Pugazhvadivu M, Jayabal S. Int. J. Chem. Tech. Res. 2016, 9, 660.Suche in Google Scholar
[35] Nair KM, Diwan S, Thomas S. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1996, 60, 1483–1497.10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19960531)60:9<1483::AID-APP23>3.0.CO;2-1Suche in Google Scholar
[36] Nair KM, Thomas S, Groeninckx G. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2001, 61, 2519–2529.10.1016/S0266-3538(01)00170-1Suche in Google Scholar
[37] Leman Z, Sastra HY, Sapuan SM, Hamdan MM, Maleque MA. J. Appl. Technol. 2005, 3, 14–19.Suche in Google Scholar
[38] Manickam C, Kumar J, Athijayamani A, Karthik K. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 2015, 54, 1694–1703.10.1080/03602559.2015.1036438Suche in Google Scholar
[39] Qi C, Guo K, Liu Y. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 2012, 31, 1017–1024.10.1177/0731684411435726Suche in Google Scholar
[40] Yu C, Zhang W, Bekele LD, Lu XA, Duns GJ, Jin L, Jia Q, Chen J. BioResources 2018, 13, 3219–3235.10.15376/biores.13.2.3219-3235Suche in Google Scholar
[41] Zin M, Abdan K, Mazlan N, Zainudin ES, Liew KE. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, 2018.Suche in Google Scholar
[42] Sinha M. J. Textile Inst. 1974, 65, 27–33.10.1080/00405007408630342Suche in Google Scholar
[43] Boopalan M, Niranjanaa M, Umapathy M. Composites B: Eng. 2013, 51, 54–57.10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.02.033Suche in Google Scholar
[44] Mangalaraja R, Raj TM, Prabha DR. J. Chem. Technol. Metall. 2019, 54, 309–316.Suche in Google Scholar
[45] FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization Production Yearbook, Rome, 2006.Suche in Google Scholar
[46] Okafor EC, Ihueze CC, Nwigbo S. Int. J. Sci. Emerging Technol. 2013, 5, 1–11.Suche in Google Scholar
[47] Abdullah N, Sulaiman F, Taib RM. AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing, 2013, 325.Suche in Google Scholar
[48] Adeniyi AG, Ighalo JO, Amosa KM. Biofuels 2019, 1–5.10.1080/17597269.2018.1554949Suche in Google Scholar
[49] Tock JY, Lai CL, Lee KT, Tan KT, Bhatia S. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2010, 14, 798–805.10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.010Suche in Google Scholar
[50] Becker H, Matos RF, Souza JA, Lima DD, Souza FT, Longhinotti E. Electron. J. Chem. 2013, 5, 164–170.Suche in Google Scholar
[51] Ihueze C, Okafor E. J. Innov. Res. Eng. Sci. 2014, 4, 3–4.Suche in Google Scholar
[52] Abdullah N, Sulaiman F, Miskam MA, Taib RM. Int. J. Biol. Vet. Agric. Food Eng. 2014, 8, 712.Suche in Google Scholar
[53] Imoisili PE, Fadare O, Popoola A, Okoronkwo A. IOSR J. Appl. Chem. 2017, 10, 70–73.10.9790/5736-1005017073Suche in Google Scholar
[54] Srinivasan V, Rajendra Boopathy S, Sangeetha D, Vijaya Ramnath B. Mater. Des. 2014, 60, 620–627.10.1016/j.matdes.2014.03.014Suche in Google Scholar
[55] Brindha R, Narayana CK, Vijayalakshmi V, Nachane RP. J. Nat. Fibers 2017, 16, 1–10.10.1080/15440478.2017.1401505Suche in Google Scholar
[56] Naidu AL, Raghuveer D, Suman P. Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res. 2013, 4, 844–851.Suche in Google Scholar
[57] Yusuf NAAN, Razab MKAA, Bakar MBA, Yen KJ, Tung CW, Ghani RSM, Nordin MNA. J. Teknol. 2018, 81, 91–100.Suche in Google Scholar
[58] Manocha S, Bhagat JH, Manocha LM. Carbon Lett. 2001, 2, 91–98.Suche in Google Scholar
[59] Fernandes E, Marangoni C, Medeiros SHW, Souza O, Sellin N. 3rd International Conference on Industrial and Hazardous Waste Management, 2012.Suche in Google Scholar
[60] Abdullah N, Sulaiman F, Taib RM. AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing, 2013, 346.Suche in Google Scholar
[61] Sellin N, Krohl DR, Marangoni C, Souza O. Renew. Energy 2016, 96, 56–64.10.1016/j.renene.2016.04.032Suche in Google Scholar
[62] Cheng Q, Jiang M, Chen Z, Wang X, Xiao B. Energy Sources A: Recov. Util. Environ. Effects 2016, 38, 3383–3390.10.1080/15567036.2016.1153754Suche in Google Scholar
[63] Abdullah N, Sulaiman F, Taib RM, Miskam MA. AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing, 2015.Suche in Google Scholar
[64] Sugumaran P, Susan VP, Ravichandran P, Seshadri S. J. Sustain. Energy Environ. 2012, 3, 125–132.Suche in Google Scholar
[65] Santhosh J, Balanarasimman N, Chandrasekar R, Raja S. Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol. 2014, 3, 144–150.Suche in Google Scholar
[66] Amir N, Abidin KAZ, Shiri FBM. Procedia Eng. 2017, 184, 573–580.10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.140Suche in Google Scholar
[67] Mohanty AK, Misra M, Drzal LT. Natural Fibers, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites, Taylor & Francis: Texas, 2005.10.1201/9780203508206Suche in Google Scholar
[68] Sisti L, Totaro G, Vannini M, Celli A. Lignocellulosic Composite Materials, Springer: Switzerland, 2018, pp. 97–135.10.1007/978-3-319-68696-7_2Suche in Google Scholar
[69] Poletto M, Zattera AJ. J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater. 2015, 30, 1242–1254.10.1177/0892705715619967Suche in Google Scholar
[70] Haneefa A, Bindu P, Aravind I, Thomas S. J. Compos. Mater. 2008, 42, 1471–1489.10.1177/0021998308092194Suche in Google Scholar
[71] Zin M, Abdan K, Norizan MN, Mazlan N. Pertanika J. Sci. Technol. 2018, 26, 161–176.Suche in Google Scholar
[72] Adekunle KF. Open J. Polym. Chem. 2015, 5, 41.10.4236/ojpchem.2015.53005Suche in Google Scholar
[73] Osoka E, Onukwuli O. Int. J. Adv. Mater. Res. 2015, 1, 95–101.Suche in Google Scholar
[74] Kim H. Hybrid Composites With Natural Fibres, University of Birmingham: Birmingham, UK, 2015, pp. 97–108.Suche in Google Scholar
[75] Komal UK, Verma V, Aswani T, Verma N, Singh I. Mater. Today Proc. 2018, 5, 16983–16989.10.1016/j.matpr.2018.04.102Suche in Google Scholar
[76] Okafor C, Ihueze C, Ujam A. Optimization of Tensile Strengths Response of Plantain Fibres Reinforced Polyester Composites (PFRP) Applying Taguchi Robust Design, 2012.10.5829/idosi.ije.2013.26.01a.01Suche in Google Scholar
[77] Haque M, Rahman R, Islam N, Huque M, Hasan M. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 2010, 29, 2253–2261.10.1177/0731684409343324Suche in Google Scholar
[78] Oreko BU, Otanocha OB, Emagbere E, Ihueze CC. Covenant J. Eng. Technol. (Spec. Ed.) 2018, 1, 4–9.Suche in Google Scholar
[79] Debnath K, Roy S, Bose T, Adhikari S, Sinha V, Rabha VA. Processing of Green Composites, Springer: Switzerland, 2019, pp. 65–80.10.1007/978-981-13-6019-0_5Suche in Google Scholar
[80] Pannu AS, Singh S, Dhawan V. Asian J. Eng. Appl. Technol. 2018, 7, 7–15.10.51983/ajeat-2018.7.2.1012Suche in Google Scholar
[81] Kulkarni M, Radhakrishnan S, Samarth N, Mahanwar PA. Mater. Res. Express 2019, 6, 075318.10.1088/2053-1591/ab12a3Suche in Google Scholar
[82] Joseph S, Sreekala MS, Oommen Z, Koshy P, Thomas S. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2002, 62, 1857–1868.10.1016/S0266-3538(02)00098-2Suche in Google Scholar
[83] Pothan LA, Thomas S, Neelakantan N. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 1997, 16, 744–765.10.1177/073168449701600806Suche in Google Scholar
[84] Cadena EM, Vélez R JM, Santa JF, Otálvaro GV. J. Nat. Fibers 2017, 14, 678–690.10.1080/15440478.2016.1266295Suche in Google Scholar
[85] Bilba K, Arsene M-A, Ouensanga A. Bioresource Technol. 2007, 98, 58–68.10.1016/j.biortech.2005.11.030Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
[86] Kabenge I, Omulo G, Banadda N, Seay J, Zziwa A, Kiggundu N. J. Sustain. Dev. 2018, 11, 14–24.10.5539/jsd.v11n2p14Suche in Google Scholar
[87] Adeolu A, Enesi D. Int. Res. J. Plant Sci. 2013, 4, 192–197.Suche in Google Scholar
[88] Adeyi O. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. 2010, 14, 1–11.Suche in Google Scholar
[89] Toledo M, González B. IX International Scientific Agriculture Symposium “AGROSYM 2018”, Jahorina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 4–7 October 2018, Book of Proceedings, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, 2018.Suche in Google Scholar
[90] Jannah M, Mariatti M, Abu Bakar A, Abdul Khalil HP. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 2009, 28, 1519–1532.10.1177/0731684408090366Suche in Google Scholar
[91] Alavudeen A, Rajini N, Karthikeyan S, Thiruchitrambalam M, Venkateshwaren N. Mater. Des. (1980–2015) 2015, 66, 246–257.10.1016/j.matdes.2014.10.067Suche in Google Scholar
[92] Idicula M, Neelakantan NR, Oommen Z, Joseph K, Thomas S. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2005, 96, 1699–1709.10.1002/app.21636Suche in Google Scholar
[93] Idicula M, Joseph K, Thomas S. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 2010, 29, 12–29.10.1177/0731684408095033Suche in Google Scholar
[94] Merlini C, Soldi V, Barra GM. Polym. Test. 2011, 30, 833–840.10.1016/j.polymertesting.2011.08.008Suche in Google Scholar
[95] Paul SA, Reussmann T, Mennig G, Lampke T, Pothen LA, Mathew GG, Joseph K, Thomas S. Compos. Interfaces 2007, 14, 849–867.10.1163/156855407782106555Suche in Google Scholar
[96] Paul SA, Boudenne A, Ibos L, Candau Y, Joseph K, Thomas S. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2008, 39, 1582–1588.10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.06.004Suche in Google Scholar
[97] Komal UK, Sharma H, Singh I. Processing of Green Composites, Springer: Switzerland, 2019, pp. 15–30.10.1007/978-981-13-6019-0_2Suche in Google Scholar
[98] Bhoopathi R, Ramesh M, Rajaprasanna R, Sasikala G, Deepa C. Indian J. Sci. Technol. 2017, 10, 1–7.10.17485/ijst/2017/v10i7/103310Suche in Google Scholar
[99] Das S, Rahman M, Hasan M. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, 2018.Suche in Google Scholar
[100] Ibrahim MM, Dufresne A, El-Zawawy WK, Agblevor FA. Carbohydr. Polym. 2010, 81, 811–819.10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.03.057Suche in Google Scholar
[101] Idicula M, Malhotra SK, Joseph K, Thomas S. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2005, 65, 1077–1087.10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.10.023Suche in Google Scholar
[102] Okafor C, Ihueze C, Ujam A. Innov. Syst. Des. Eng. 2012, 3, 64–76.Suche in Google Scholar
[103] Komal UK, Verma V, Ashwani T, Verma N, Singh I. J. Nat. Fibers 2018, 1–13.10.1016/j.ins.2018.08.031Suche in Google Scholar
[104] Kumari S, Rai B, Kumar G. AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing, 2018.Suche in Google Scholar
[105] Liu H, Wu Q, Zhang Q. Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100, 6088–6097.10.1016/j.biortech.2009.05.076Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
[106] Nagendra PS, Prasad V, Ramji K. Mater. Today Proc. 2017, 4, 9081–9086.10.1016/j.matpr.2017.07.262Suche in Google Scholar
[107] Naik J, Mishra S. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 2006, 45, 923–927.10.1080/03602550600723522Suche in Google Scholar
[108] Ogunsile BO, Oladeji TG. Matéria (Rio de Janeiro) 2016, 21, 953–963.10.1590/s1517-707620160004.0088Suche in Google Scholar
[109] Onyedum O, Aduloju SC, Sheidu SO, Metu CS, Owolabi OB. Am. J. Eng. Technol. Soc. 2015, 2, 193–199.Suche in Google Scholar
[110] Pothan LA, Oommen Z, Thomas S. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2003, 63, 283–293.10.1016/S0266-3538(02)00254-3Suche in Google Scholar
[111] Pothan LA, Thomas S. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2004, 91, 3856–3865.10.1002/app.13586Suche in Google Scholar
[112] Pothan LA, Thomas S, Groeninckx G. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2006, 37, 1260–1269.10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.09.001Suche in Google Scholar
[113] Rao KMM, Rao KM, Prasad AR. Mater. Des. 2010, 31, 508–513.10.1016/j.matdes.2009.06.023Suche in Google Scholar
[114] Samivel P, Babu AR. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Robot. Res. 2013, 2, 348–360.Suche in Google Scholar
[115] Sapuan S, Leenie A, Harimi M, Beng YK. Mater. Des. 2006, 27, 689–693.10.1016/j.matdes.2004.12.016Suche in Google Scholar
[116] Sutradhar B, Mesbah M, Hasan M. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, 2018.Suche in Google Scholar
[117] Venkateshwaran N, ElayaPerumal A, Alavudeen A, Thiruchitrambalam M. Mater. Des. 2011, 32, 4017–4021.10.1016/j.matdes.2011.03.002Suche in Google Scholar
[118] Venkateshwaran N, Santhanam V, Alavudeen A. Processing of Green Composites, Springer: Switzerland, 2019, 31–47.10.1007/978-981-13-6019-0_3Suche in Google Scholar
[119] Zulkafli N, Dhar Malingam S, Sheikh Md Fadzullah S, Mustafa Z, Zakaria KA, Subramonian S. Defence Sci. Technol. Techn. Bull. 2019, 12, 124–135.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Material properties
- Banana and plantain fiber-reinforced polymer composites
- Characterizations of PMMA-based polymer electrolyte membranes with Al2O3
- Effects of grafting parameters on the properties of proton exchange membranes based on sulfo-functionalized porous silicon for micro direct methanol fuel cells
- The effect of surface modification of PMMA/chitosan composites on improving adsorption properties for chelating Pb2+
- Characterization of organic solar cells using semiconducting polymers with different bandgaps
- Hindered phenol-mediated damping of polyacrylate rubber: effect of hydrogen bonding strength on the damping properties
- Correlation between fiber orientation distribution and mechanical anisotropy in glass-fiber-reinforced composite materials
- Preparation and assembly
- Replacement of sodium alginate polymer, urea and sodium bicarbonate in the conventional reactive printing of cellulosic cotton
- Carboxylic acid modified pH-responsive composite polymer particles
- Synthesis of SiO2 nanoparticle from bamboo leaf and its incorporation in PDMS membrane to enhance its separation properties
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Material properties
- Banana and plantain fiber-reinforced polymer composites
- Characterizations of PMMA-based polymer electrolyte membranes with Al2O3
- Effects of grafting parameters on the properties of proton exchange membranes based on sulfo-functionalized porous silicon for micro direct methanol fuel cells
- The effect of surface modification of PMMA/chitosan composites on improving adsorption properties for chelating Pb2+
- Characterization of organic solar cells using semiconducting polymers with different bandgaps
- Hindered phenol-mediated damping of polyacrylate rubber: effect of hydrogen bonding strength on the damping properties
- Correlation between fiber orientation distribution and mechanical anisotropy in glass-fiber-reinforced composite materials
- Preparation and assembly
- Replacement of sodium alginate polymer, urea and sodium bicarbonate in the conventional reactive printing of cellulosic cotton
- Carboxylic acid modified pH-responsive composite polymer particles
- Synthesis of SiO2 nanoparticle from bamboo leaf and its incorporation in PDMS membrane to enhance its separation properties