Home Understanding the interactive effects of material parameters governing the printer toner properties: a response surface study
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Understanding the interactive effects of material parameters governing the printer toner properties: a response surface study

  • Fatemeh Andami , Maryam Ataeefard ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Farhood Najafi and Mohammad Reza Saeb
Published/Copyright: September 24, 2016
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

Toner is a fine powder composed of a resin and a coloring agent, which has been massively used in digital printing. The successfulness of digital printing can be measured in terms of the degree to which the properties of toner are finely controlled. In this work, we applied response surface methodology (RSM) to synthesize printing toners with appropriate physical and color properties. Based on a systematic experimental pattern proposed by RSM, styrene and butyl acrylate monomers are copolymerized through suspension polymerization to determine the individual and interactive effects of foregoing material parameters on the particle size, particle size distribution, and thermal and color properties of the resulting toner composites. Different analyses are carried out through which the optimum criterion for manufacturing well-controlled toner particles is established. Particularly, the results show that fine-tuning of toner properties depends on the careful regulation of material parameters, which we have learned from interactive effect identification.

References

[1] Kipphan H. Handbook of Print Media: Technologies and Production Methods, Springer: Germany, 2001.10.1007/978-3-540-29900-4Search in Google Scholar

[2] Leach RH. Printing Ink Manual, Springer: Berlin, Germany, 2007.Search in Google Scholar

[3] Ohta N, Rosen M. Color Desktop Printer Technology, Taylor & Francis Group: New York, 2006.Search in Google Scholar

[4] Marshall G. Recent Progress in Toner Technology, Society for Imaging Science and Technology: Rochester, NY, USA, 1997.Search in Google Scholar

[5] Shirkavand Hadavand B, Ataeefard M, Fakharizadeh H. Compos. Part B Eng. 2015, 82, 190–195.10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.08.024Search in Google Scholar

[6] Kuppinger J, Göschel U, Reeksting B, Vorster O. J. Polym. Eng. 2011, 27, 339–356.Search in Google Scholar

[7] The Story of Xerography, http://www.xerox.com/downloads/usa/en/innovation/innovation_storyofxerography.pdf. 08/09/1999. Accessed on July 1 2016.Search in Google Scholar

[8] Scharfe ME, Pai DM. Imaging Progress and Materials, 8th ed., Xerox Corporation: New York, 1989.Search in Google Scholar

[9] Bazrafshan Z, Ataeefard M, Nourmohammadian F. Pigm. Resin Technol. 2014, 43, 245–250.10.1108/PRT-09-2013-0085Search in Google Scholar

[10] Ding P, Pacek AW, Abinhava K, Pickard S, Edwards MR, Nienow AW. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2005, 44, 6004–6021.10.1021/ie040223oSearch in Google Scholar

[11] Ataeefard M. Compos. Part B 2014, 64, 78–83.10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.08.076Search in Google Scholar

[12] Bazrafshan Z, Ataeefard M, Nourmohammadian F. Prog. Org. Coat. 2015, 58, 68–73.10.1016/j.porgcoat.2015.01.004Search in Google Scholar

[13] Hasegawa J, Yanagida N, Tamura M. Colloids Surf. 1999, 153, 215–220.10.1016/S0927-7757(98)00445-2Search in Google Scholar

[14] Kyrlidis A, Shim A, The International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies and Digital Fabrication, Canada, 2008.Search in Google Scholar

[15] Ataeefard M, Saeb MR. J. Clean. Prod. 2015, 108, 121–130.10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.016Search in Google Scholar

[16] Galliford G. Chemically Prepared Toners – A Study of Markets and Technologies, Galliford Consulting and Marketing: Ventura, CA, USA, 2006.Search in Google Scholar

[17] Kiatkamjornwong S, Pomsanam P. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2002, 89, 238–248.10.1002/app.12085Search in Google Scholar

[18] Winslow F, Matreyek W. Ind. Eng. Chem. 1951, 43, 108–112.10.1021/ie50493a032Search in Google Scholar

[19] Watanabe N, Sugimoto T, Hanatanl S, Hozumi M, Uchinokura UO. U.S. Patent 20120122027, 2012.Search in Google Scholar

[20] Choi EJ, Kim CH, Yoon HN. Imaging Soc. Jpn. 2007, 46, 277–282.10.1143/JJAP.46.6647Search in Google Scholar

[21] Widiyandari H, Iskandar F, Hagura N. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2008, 108, 1288–1297.10.1002/app.27814Search in Google Scholar

[22] Andam F, Ataeefard M, Najafi F, Saeb MR. Prog. Color Colorants Coat. 2015, 8, 115–121.10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.016Search in Google Scholar

[23] VivaldoLima E, Wood P, Hamielec AE. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 36, 939–965.10.1021/ie960361gSearch in Google Scholar

[24] Sawatari N, Fukuda M, Taguchi Y, Tanaka M. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2005, 97, 682–690.10.1002/app.21823Search in Google Scholar

[25] Park J, Ahn S, Yoo J, Kim D, Kim DS. The International Conference on Composite Materials, South Korea, 2011.Search in Google Scholar

[26] Yang J, Wang T, He H, Wei F, Jin Y. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2003, 42, 5568–5575.10.1021/ie0301029Search in Google Scholar

[27] Liu H, Wen S, Wang J, Zhu Y. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2011, 123, 3255–3260.10.1002/app.35006Search in Google Scholar

[28] Saeb MR, Garmabi H. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2009, 111, 1600–1605.10.1002/app.29123Search in Google Scholar

[29] Pakdel AS, Behbahani MR, Saeb MR, Khonakdar HA, Abedini H, Moghri M. J. Vinyl Addit. Technol. 2015, 21, 157–165.10.1002/vnl.21352Search in Google Scholar

[30] Saeb MR, Moghri M, Khonakdar HA, Wagenknecht U, Heinrich G. J. Vinyl Addit. Technol. 2013, 19, 168–176.10.1002/vnl.21324Search in Google Scholar

[31] Montgomery DC. Design and Analysis of Experiments, Wiley: New York, 2005.Search in Google Scholar

[32] Fairchild M. Color Appearance Models, 2nd ed., John Willey & Sons: UK, 2005.Search in Google Scholar

[33] Koenig JL. Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Polymers, iSmithers Rapra Publishing: Akron, OH, USA, 2001, vol. 12.Search in Google Scholar

[34] Einarsson F. Annu. Trans. Nord. Rheol. Soc. 2002, 10, 155–157.Search in Google Scholar

[35] Ichimura Y. SII Nanotechnology Inc. TA No. 41, 1987.Search in Google Scholar

[36] Rho J, Park M. Kor. Soc. Imaging Sci. 1996, 2, 445–890.Search in Google Scholar

[37] Kim TB, Yahya R, Neon GS. Malaysia Polymer International Conference, Kuala Lumpur, 2009.Search in Google Scholar

[38] Chern CS. Principle and Applications of Emulsion Polymerization, John Willey & Sons: New Jersey, 2008.10.1002/9780470377949Search in Google Scholar

[39] Crompton TR. Polymer Reference Book, Rapra Technology Ltd.: UK, 2006.10.1016/S1350-4789(06)71253-3Search in Google Scholar

[40] Sharma KR. Polymer Thermodynamics Blends Copolymers and Polymerization, US, Taylor & Francis Group: US, 2012.10.1201/b11198Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2015-12-15
Accepted: 2016-8-23
Published Online: 2016-9-24
Published in Print: 2017-7-26

©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 3.12.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/polyeng-2015-0525/html
Scroll to top button