Elucidating the interaction of FCC catalyst components: the discrete roles of matrix and binder on zeolite structure

Ubong J. Etim; Peng Bai; Fazle Subhan; Zifeng Yan

doi:10.1515/pac-2024-0111

Article

Elucidating the interaction of FCC catalyst components: the discrete roles of matrix and binder on zeolite structure

Ubong J. Etim , Peng Bai , Fazle Subhan and Zifeng Yan

Published/Copyright: April 4, 2024

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From the journal Pure and Applied Chemistry Volume 96 Issue 6

Abstract

Zeolite Y is the active phase of the modern fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst. However, a functional and active FCC catalyst comprises, in addition to zeolite Y, matrices and a binder that introduce some levels of synergistic interaction between the catalyst components, impacting its activity. This study investigates the interactive properties of a zeolite-matrix-binder composite on a typical FCC catalyst using various characterization techniques. Characterization of synthesized FCC catalyst samples reveals changes in the structural composition of zeolite Y dependent upon the type and ratio of binder materials. The binder is important in the crystallization of the final composite. Acidic binder induces dealumination of zeolite, leading to amorphization, loss of Brønsted acid sites, framework structure impairment, and the formation of defective sites. TEM indicates the formation of zeolite-matrix interfaces upon binding of zeolite by the matrix. Depending on the extent and severity of thermal processing, the clay–alumina–silica binder undergoes dehydroxylation to varying degrees by cross-linking of terminal hydroxyl groups between neighboring binder particles, which contributes to the increased thermal and mechanical stability of the bound catalysts.

Keywords: 8th Annual Symposium ACS Nigeria Chapter; IUPAC African Early Career Chemists Workshop; binder; composite catalyst; FCC catalyst; interaction; zeolite structure

Corresponding authors: Ubong J. Etim, Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, China, e-mail: ubong.etim@gtiit.edu.cn; Peng Bai and Zifeng Yan, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Key Laboratory of Catalysis, CNPC, China University of Petroleum (East China), No. 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao, 266580, China, e-mail: baipeng@upc.edu.cn (P. Bai), zfyancat@upc.edu.cn (Z. Yan)

Article note: A collection of invited papers based on presentations at the African Early Career Chemists Workshop and 8th ACS Nigerian Chapter Symposium.

Funding source: Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province

Award Identifier / Grant number: ZR201702160196, ZR2012BM014, ZR2016BM28

Funding source: Natural Science Foundation of China

Award Identifier / Grant number: 51601223, 21206195, 21776311

Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China and China National Petroleum Corporation

Award Identifier / Grant number: U1362202

Research funding: This work was financially supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and China National Petroleum Corporation (U1362202), Natural Science Foundation of China (51601223, 21206195, 21776311), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (17CX05018, 17CX02056, 14CX02050A, 14CX02123A), Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR201702160196, ZR2012BM014, ZR2016BM28).

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Published Online: 2024-04-04

Published in Print: 2024-06-25

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https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2024-0111

Keywords for this article

8th Annual Symposium ACS Nigeria Chapter; IUPAC African Early Career Chemists Workshop; binder; composite catalyst; FCC catalyst; interaction; zeolite structure