Quantifying optical and mechanical contributions to dot gain
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Katarina Itrić Ivanda
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Antun Lovro Brkić
Abstract
The origin of dot gain comes from two primary contributions: optical and mechanical, and therefore two functions describing these contributions have been tested. These contributions are reflected in the asymmetric shape of the Line Spread Function (LSF), which is a critical parameter for analyzing the quality of printed images. This paper uses a robust iterative method to fit LSF curves, incorporating multiple single peak functions to increase measurement accuracy and enhance understanding of the phenomenon. High correlation results demonstrate the plausibility of separating these contributions and determining their percentage share within the profile. Optical dot gain, modeled using a Lorentzian function, accurately reflects its dependence on substrate properties. Mechanical dot gain, on the other hand, is described by a Gaussian function, capturing its link to printing techniques. The high correlation (R > 0.97) between experimental and modeled data validates the robustness of this method, enabling precise determination of the percentage share of each component. The results indicate that optical dot gain contributes approximately 30 % of the total, a much larger share than previously assumed. This highlights the importance of substrate selection and treatment in achieving print quality. In the context of electrostatic printing, a third, previously undetected contribution was identified. Although minor, this additional mechanical component (Gauss1) is reproducible and directly linked to the operational state of the printing machine, adding complexity to the dot gain phenomenon.
Funding source: Faculty of University of Zagreb, University North and Zellerfeld R&D GmbH
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Research ethics: The local “Institutional Review Board deemed the study exempt from review” if the IRB specifically exempted the study from review.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
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Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: Our Faculty financially supported us.
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Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Bleaching
- The effect of xylanase on the fine structure of a bleached kraft softwood pulp
- Mechanical Pulping
- Development of handsheet mechanical properties linked to fibre distributions in two-stage low consistency refining of high yield pulp
- Paper Technology
- Analysis of finger ridges in paper manufacturing and development of a qualitative model of their formation
- Paper Physics
- Microfibrillated cellulose coatings for biodegradable electronics
- Paper Chemistry
- Preparation of CMC-β-CD-sulfaguanidine and its application for protection of paper
- Drying characteristics and numerical simulation of tissue paper
- Hemicellulose as an additive in papermaking
- Coating
- Synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose-β∼cyclodextrin-coated sulfaguanidine and its enhanced antimicrobial efficacy for paper protection
- Integrating barrier chemicals into coating systems for optimized white top testliner performance
- Printing
- Quantifying optical and mechanical contributions to dot gain
- Packaging
- The impact of cellulosic pulps on thermoforming process: effects on formation time and drainage efficiency
- Environmental Impact
- Assessing the impact of substituting hypo sludge (paper pulp) in cement and introducing natural fiber in the form of human hair to enhance compressive strength in concrete
- Recycling
- Atomization numerical simulation of high solids content bamboo pulping black liquor based on VOF model
- A review of the fractionation and properties of lignin derived from pulping black liquor and lignocellulose pretreatment
- Lignin
- In-situ construct dynamic bonds between lignin and PBAT by epoxidized soybean oil to improve interfacial compatibility: processing, characterization, and antibacterial activity for food packaging
- Separation of high-yield and high-purity lignin from Elm wood using ternary deep eutectic solvents
