Home Changes in water-vapor-adsorption isotherms of pulp fibers and sheets during paper recycling, including drying of wet webs, and disintegration and sonication of dried sheets in water
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Changes in water-vapor-adsorption isotherms of pulp fibers and sheets during paper recycling, including drying of wet webs, and disintegration and sonication of dried sheets in water

  • Minoru Kimura , Miyuki Takeuchi and Akira Isogai EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: January 26, 2023
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

A never-dried (ND) fines-free softwood bleached kraft pulp was converted to air-dried and thermally dried handsheets, which were then disintegrated or sonicated in water under various conditions. These disintegrated or sonicated pulps were converted to handsheets and used to obtain fundamental data on paper recycling. The water-vapor-adsorption isotherms of the pulp and sheet samples after super-critical-point drying showed clear differences between the water volumes adsorbed by the ND pulp, once-dried pulp, and dried sheets at the same relative humidities above 50%. These differences are caused by hornification of the pulp and sheet samples during drying and recycling. Air and thermal drying of wet webs decreased the adsorbed-water-vapor volume by 7%–9% and 14%–18%, respectively, relative to that adsorbed by the original ND pulp. We hypothesize that the decrease in water-vapor-adsorption volume from that of the original ND pulp at relative humidities >50% reflects the degree of irreversible formation of hydroxyl groups in the originally hydrophilic hemicelluloses and crystalline cellulose microfibril surfaces in the pulp and sheet samples during drying and paper recycling. The water-vapor-adsorption isotherms of pulp and sheet samples can be used to quantify the degree of hornification or the amount of irreversible hydrogen bonds formed during paper recycling.


Corresponding author: Akira Isogai, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan, E-mail:

Funding source: Fundamental research funds of the University of Tokyo, Japan.

Acknowledgments

We thank Helen McPherson, PhD, from Edanz for editing a draft of this manuscript.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: This research was financially supported by fundamental research funds of the University of Tokyo, Japan.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

  4. Availability of data and material: All data generated during this study are included in this published article.

References

Alince, B. (2002). Porosity of swollen pulp fibers revisited. Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 17: 71–73, https://doi.org.10.3183/npprj-2002-17-01-p071-073Search in Google Scholar

Andreasson, B., Forsstrom, J., and Wågberg, L. (2003). The porous structure of pulp fibers with different yields and its influence on aper strength. Cellulose 10: 111–123.10.1023/A:1024055406619Search in Google Scholar

Barrett, E.P., Joyner, L.G., and Halenda, P.P. (1951). The determination of pore volume and area distribution in porous substances. I. Computation from nitrogen isotherms. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73: 373–380, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01145a126.Search in Google Scholar

Berthold, J. and Salmen, L. (1997). Inverse size exclusion chromatography (ISEC) for determining the relative pore size distribution of wood pulps. Holzforshung 51: 361–368, https://doi.org/10.1515/hfsg.1997.51.4.361.Search in Google Scholar

Brunauer, S., Emmett, P.H., and Teller, E. (1938). Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60: 309–319, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01269a023.Search in Google Scholar

Christensen, P.K. and Gieltz, H.W. (1966). The cellulose/water relationship. In: Bolam, F. (Ed.), Consolidation of the paper web. Trans. 3rd Fund. Res. Symp. Tech. Sect. BPBMA: London, pp. 59–84.Search in Google Scholar

de Boer, J.H., Lippens, B.C., Broekhoff, J.C.P., van den Heuvel, A., and Osinga, Th. J. (1966). The t-curve of multimolecular N2-adsorption. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 21: 405–414, https://doi.org/10.1016/0095-8522(66)90006-7.Search in Google Scholar

Giacomozzi, D.E. and Joustsimo, O. (2017). Drying temperature and hornification of industrial never-dried pinus radiata pulps. 2. Voith Sulzer refining. BioResources 12: 1532–1547, https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.1.1532-1547.Search in Google Scholar

Hui, L., Liu, Z., and Ni, Y. (2009). Characterization of high-yield pulp (HYP) by the solute exclusion technique. Bioresour. Technol. 100: 6630–6634, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.055.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Jaturapiree, A., Ehrhardt, A., Groner, S., Ozturk, H.B., Siroka, B., and Bechtold, T. (2008). Treatment in swelling solutions modifying cellulose fiber reactivity – part art I: accessibility and sorption. Macromol. Symp. 262: 39–49, https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.200850205.Search in Google Scholar

Jayme, G. (1944). Mikro-Quellungsmessungen an Zellstoffen. Der Papier-Fabrikant. Wochenbl. Papier-Fabrikant 6: 187–194.Search in Google Scholar

Kato, K.L. and Cameron, R.E. (1999). A review of the relationship between thermally accelerated aging of paper and hornification. Cellulose 6: 23–40, https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009292120151.10.1023/A:1009292120151Search in Google Scholar

Kekalainen, K., Liimatainen, H., Illikainen, M., Maloney, T.C., and Niinimaki, J. (2014). The role of hornification in the disintegration behavior of TEMPO-oxidized bleached hardwood fibres in a high-shear homogenizer. Cellulose 21: 1163–1174, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0210-x.Search in Google Scholar

Kimura, M., Qi, Z.-D, Fukuzumi, H., Kuga, S., and Isogai, A. (2014). Mesoporous structures in never-dried Softwood cellulose fibers investigated by nitrogen adsorption. Cellulose 21: 3193–3201, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0342-z.Search in Google Scholar

Kimura, M., Qi, Z.-D., and Isogai, A. (2016). Analysis of mesopore structures in wood cell walls and pulp fibers by nitrogen adsorption method. Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 31: 198–204, https://doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2016-31-02-p198-204.Search in Google Scholar

Kimura, M., Ishida, T., Ono, Y., Takeuchi, M., and Isogai, A. (2020). Significant contribution of fibrils on pulp fiber Surface to water retention value. Nord. Pulp Pap Res. J. 35: 96–105, https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2018-0041.Search in Google Scholar

Kohnte, T., Lund, K., Brelid, H., and Westman, G. (2010). Kraft pulp hornification: a closer look at the reventive effect gained by glucuronoxylan adsorption. Carbohydrate Polymers 81: 226–233, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.02.023.Search in Google Scholar

Laivins, G.V. and Scallan, A.M. (1993): The mechanism of hornification of wood pulps. In: Baker, C.F. (Ed.). Products of paper making, Trans. 10th Fund. Res. Symp. Oxford, PIRA Int. Leatherhead, Surry, UK., pp. 1235−1260.10.15376/frc.1993.2.1235Search in Google Scholar

Li, T.Q., Henriksson, U., and Ödberg, L. (1993). Determination of pore sizes in wood cellulose fibers by 2H and 1H NMR. Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 8: 326–330, https://doi.org/10.3183/npprj-1993-08-03-p326-330.Search in Google Scholar

Liang, R., Zhu, Y.H., Wen, L., Zhao, W.W., Kuai, B.B., Zhang, Y.L., and Cai, L.P. (2020). Exploration of effect of delignification on the mesopore structure in poplar cell wall by nitrogen absorption method. Cellulose 27: 1921–1932, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02921-z.Search in Google Scholar

Lovikka, V.A., Khanjani, P., Vaisanen, S., Vuorinen, T., and Maloney, T.C. (2016). Porosity of wood pulp fibers in the wet and highly open dry state. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 234: 326–335, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2016.07.032.Search in Google Scholar

Luo, X.L., Zhu, J.Y., Gleisner, R., and Zhan, H.Y. (2011). Effects of wet-pressing- induced fiber hornification on enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose. Cellulose 18: 1055–1062, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-011-9541-z.Search in Google Scholar

Maloney, T.C., Paulapuro, H., and Stenius, P. (1997a). Hydration and swelling of pulp fibers measured with differential scanning calorimetry. Nord. Pulp Pap Res. J. 13: 31–36, https://doi.org/10.3183/npprj-1998-13-01-p031-036.Search in Google Scholar

Maloney, T.C., Li, T.-Q., Weise, U., and Paulapuro, H. (1997b). Intra- and inter-fibre pore closure in wet pressing. Appita J 50: 301–306.Search in Google Scholar

Maloney, T.C., Todorovic, A., and Paulapuro, H. (1998). The effect of fiber Swelling on press dewatering. Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 13: 285–291, https://doi.org/10.3183/npprj-1998-13-04-p285-291.Search in Google Scholar

Maloney, T.C. and Paulapuro, H. (1999). The formation of pores in the cell wall. J. Pulp Pap. Sci. 25: 430–436.Search in Google Scholar

Manninen, M.A., Nieminen, K.L., and Maloney, T.C. (2013). The swelling and pore structure of microfibrillated cellulose. In: Advances in pulp and paper research, Trans. 15th Fund. Res. Symp. Printondemand-worldwide, Peterborough, UK., pp. 765−784.Search in Google Scholar

Newman, R.H. (2004). Carbon-13 NMR evidence for cocrystallization of cellulose as a mechanism for hornification of bleached kraft pulp. Cellulose 11: 45–52, https://doi.org/10.1023/b:cell.0000014768.28924.0c.10.1023/B:CELL.0000014768.28924.0cSearch in Google Scholar

Oksanen, T., Buchert, J., and Viikari, L. (1997). The role of hemicelluloses in the hornification of bleached kraft pulps. Holzforschung 51: 355–360, https://doi.org/10.1515/hfsg.1997.51.4.355.Search in Google Scholar

Ostlund, A., Kohnte, T., Nordstierina, L., and Nyden, M. (2010). NMR cryoporosimetry to study the fiber wall structure and effect of drying. Cellulose 17: 321–328, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-009-9383-0.Search in Google Scholar

Ponni, R., Vuorinen, T., and Kontturi, E. (2012). Proposed nano-scale coalescence of cellulose in chemical pulp fibers during technical treatments. BioResoources 7: 6077–6108, https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.7.4.6077-6108.Search in Google Scholar

Rubuzzi, E. and Evtuguin, D.V. (2006). Effect of glucuronoxylan on the hornification of Eucalyptus globilus bleached pulps. Macromol. Symp. 232: 121–128, https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.200551414.Search in Google Scholar

Salmen, L. and Stevanic, J.S. (2018). Effect of drying condition on cellulose microfibril aggregation and “hornification”. Cellulose 25: 6333–6344, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-2039-1.Search in Google Scholar

Scallan, A.M. and Carles, J.E. (1972). The correlation of the water retention value with the fiber Saturation point. Sven. Papperstidning 75: 699–703.Search in Google Scholar

Scallan, A.M. (1987). On non-solvent water in cellulose fibers as determined by salt exclusion. Cellul. Chem. Technol. 21: 215–223.Search in Google Scholar

Sing, K.S.W., Everett, D.H., Haul, R.A.W., Moscou, L., Pierotti, R.A., Rouqerol, J., and Siemieniewska, T. (1985). Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid system with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity. Pure Appl. Chem. 57: 603–619.10.1351/pac198557040603Search in Google Scholar

Stone, J.E. and Scallan, A.M. (1965). A study of cell wall structure by nitrogen adsorption. Pulp Pap. Mag. Can. 66: 407–414.Search in Google Scholar

Stone, J.E. and Scallan, A.M. (1967). The effect of component removal upon the porous structure of the cell wall of wood. II. Swelling in water and the fiber saturation point. Tappi J. 50: 496–501.Search in Google Scholar

Stone, J.E. and Scallan, A.M. (1968a). A structural model for the cell wall of water-swollen wood pulp fibers based on their accessibility in macromolecules. Cellul. Chem. Technol. 2: 343–358.Search in Google Scholar

Stone, J.E. and Scallan, A.M. (1968b). The effect of component removal upon the porous structure of the cell wall of wood. Part III. A comparison between the sulphite and kraft processes. Pulp Pap. Mag. Can. 69: 288–293.Search in Google Scholar

Stone, J.E., Scallan, A.M., and Abrahamson, B. (1968). Influence of beating on cell wall swelling and internal fibrillation. Sven. Papperstidning 71: 687–694.Search in Google Scholar

Vainio, A. and Paulapuro, H. (2007). Interfiber bonding and fiber segment activation retreatment of poplar-Q. BioResources 2: 442–458.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, X., Maloney, T.C., and Paulapuro, H. (2003). Internal fibrillation in never-dried and once-dried chemical pulps. Appita J. 56: 455–459.Search in Google Scholar

Weise, U. (1998). Hornification – mechanism and technology. Pap. Puu 80: 110–115.Search in Google Scholar


Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2022-0098).


Received: 2022-11-20
Accepted: 2023-01-12
Published Online: 2023-01-26
Published in Print: 2023-06-27

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Biorefining
  3. Possible alternatives for using kraft lignin as activated carbon in pulp mills – a review
  4. Technical kraft lignin from coffee parchment
  5. Nitric acid-potassium hydroxide fractionation of rice straw: an integrated biorefinery initiative
  6. Paper technology
  7. The influence of fibrous suspension flow regimes on the formation of tissue paper manufactured from different furnish compositions
  8. Paper physics
  9. Assessment of paperboard large deformation at fold using digital image correlation technique
  10. Paper chemistry
  11. Response surface methodology optimization and antimicrobial activity of berberine modified trimethoprim carboxymethyl cellulose
  12. Packaging
  13. Addition of bentonite to cationic starch matrix for coating on kraftliner paper to improve grease resistance
  14. Recycling
  15. Changes in water-vapor-adsorption isotherms of pulp fibers and sheets during paper recycling, including drying of wet webs, and disintegration and sonication of dried sheets in water
  16. Determination of fines in recycled paper
  17. Disintegration of toilet papers used in shopping malls
  18. Nanotechnology
  19. Cryoslash as an effective pre-treatment to obtain nanofibrillated cellulose using ultra-fine friction grinder with kraft pulp
  20. Pre-treatment with calcium hydroxide and accelerated carbonation for cellulosic pulp fibrillation
  21. Chemical technology/modifications
  22. Study on manufacturing hot water-resistant PVOH coated paper by gas grafting palmitoyl chloride (II)–Control of palmitoyl chloride penetration by inorganic pigments coating
  23. Lignin
  24. Efficient and eco-friendly isolation and purification of lignin from black liquor with choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents
  25. Misc
  26. Flocculation of alkyl ketene dimer and calcium carbonate on paper sizing and filling performance
Downloaded on 27.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/npprj-2022-0098/html
Scroll to top button