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How the sense of smell influences cognition throughout life

  • Johanna K. Kostka

    Johanna K. Kostka is currently completing her Ph.D. at the Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology at the Center of Molecular Neurobiology in Hamburg-Eppendorf. She received her bachelor’s degree in Biophysics at the Humboldt University of Berlin and her master’s degree in Brain and Cognitive Science at the University of Amsterdam. Her research focuses on the role of olfactory processing for the development of cortical and hippocampal networks. She is using in vivo extracellular electrophysiology as well as opto- and chemogenetics to investigate network interactions between the olfactory bulb and brain areas, such as the entorhinal cortex, the hippocampus, and the prefrontal cortex.

     ORCID logo EMAIL logo     und Sebastian H. Bitzenhofer

    Sebastian H. Bitzenhofer is a Junior Research Group Leader associated with the Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf. He received his Dr. rer. nat. at the University of Hamburg in 2017, before he did a postdoc at the Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior at the University of California San Diego. He uses a mix of electrophysiological and optogenetic approaches to study neural circuits and population dynamics in mice. In 2021, he was awarded with the Bernard Katz Lecture for his work on the development of the prefrontal cortex.

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Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 6. Juni 2022
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Aus der Zeitschrift Neuroforum Band 28 Heft 3

Abstract

Although mostly unaware, we constantly navigate a complex landscape of airborne molecules. The perception of these molecules helps us navigate, shapes our social life, and can trigger emotionally charged memories transporting us back to the past within a split second. While the processing of olfactory information in early sensory areas is well understood, how the sense of smell affects cognition only recently gained attention in the field of neuroscience. Here, we review links between olfaction and cognition and explore the idea that the activity in olfactory areas may be critical for coordinating cognitive networks. Further, we discuss how olfactory activity may shape the development of cognitive networks and associations between the decline of olfactory and cognitive abilities in aging. Olfaction provides a great tool to study large-scale networks underlying cognitive abilities and bears the potential for a better understanding of cognitive symptoms associated with many mental disorders.

Zusammenfassung

Obwohl meist nicht bewusst, navigieren wir ständig durch eine komplexe Landschaft von Duftstoffen. Die Wahrnehmung dieser Duftstoffe hilft uns bei der Orientierung, prägt unser soziales Leben und kann emotionale Erinnerungen auslösen, die uns innerhalb von Sekundenbruchteilen in die Vergangenheit zurückversetzen. Während die Verarbeitung olfaktorischer Informationen in frühen sensorischen Arealen gut verstanden ist, ist die Frage wie der Geruchssinn die Kognition beeinflusst erst vor kurzem in das Blickfeld der neurowissenschaftlichen Forschung gerückt. Wir diskutieren hier das Zusammenspiel zwischen Geruchssinn und Kognition und untersuchen die Idee, dass die Aktivität in olfaktorischen Arealen entscheidend zur Koordination kognitiver Netzwerkaktivität beiträgt. Darüber hinaus diskutieren wir, wie olfaktorische Aktivität die Entwicklung kognitiver Netzwerke beeinflussen kann, sowie Assoziationen zwischen dem Rückgang olfaktorischer und kognitiver Fähigkeiten im Alter. Der Geruchssinn bietet ein großartiges Werkzeug zur Untersuchung weitläufiger Netzwerke, die kognitiven Fähigkeiten zugrunde liegen, und birgt das Potenzial für ein besseres Verständnis kognitiver Symptome, die mit vielen psychischen Störungen einhergehen.

Keywords: networks; odor; olfaction; oscillations; respiration
Schlüsselwörter: Atmung; Geruch; Netzwerke; Olfaktorik; Oszillationen
Corresponding author: Johanna K. Kostka, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany, E-mail: ; and Sebastian H. Bitzenhofer, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany, E-mail:

Funding source: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Award Identifier / Grant number: 178316478 - B5

Award Identifier / Grant number: Ha4466/11-1

Funding source: H2020 European Research Council

Award Identifier / Grant number: ERC-2015-CoG 681577

About the authors

Johanna K. Kostka

Johanna K. Kostka is currently completing her Ph.D. at the Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology at the Center of Molecular Neurobiology in Hamburg-Eppendorf. She received her bachelor’s degree in Biophysics at the Humboldt University of Berlin and her master’s degree in Brain and Cognitive Science at the University of Amsterdam. Her research focuses on the role of olfactory processing for the development of cortical and hippocampal networks. She is using in vivo extracellular electrophysiology as well as opto- and chemogenetics to investigate network interactions between the olfactory bulb and brain areas, such as the entorhinal cortex, the hippocampus, and the prefrontal cortex.

Sebastian H. Bitzenhofer

Sebastian H. Bitzenhofer is a Junior Research Group Leader associated with the Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf. He received his Dr. rer. nat. at the University of Hamburg in 2017, before he did a postdoc at the Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior at the University of California San Diego. He uses a mix of electrophysiological and optogenetic approaches to study neural circuits and population dynamics in mice. In 2021, he was awarded with the Bernard Katz Lecture for his work on the development of the prefrontal cortex.

Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Ileana L. Hanganu-Opatz for feedback to the present manuscript and financial support.

  1. Author contributions: Both authors equally contributed to the manuscript.

  2. Research funding: This work was supported by grants of the European Research Council (ERC-2015-CoG 681577 to Prof. Dr. Ileana L. Hanganu-Opatz) and the German Research Foundation (Ha4466/11-1 and 178316478 - B5 to Prof. Dr. Ileana L. Hanganu-Opatz).

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

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Published Online: 2022-06-06
Published in Print: 2022-08-26

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Editorial
  4. Review articles
  5. Perireceptor events and peripheral modulation of olfactory signals in the olfactory epithelium of vertebrates
  6. Mammalian social memory relies on neuromodulation in the olfactory bulb
  7. How the body rules the nose
  8. Information about space from time: how mammals navigate the odour landscape
  9. Functional role of the anterior olfactory nucleus in sensory information processing
  10. How the sense of smell influences cognition throughout life
  11. Presentation of scientific institutions
  12. The “MultiSensE” consortium
  13. Nachrichten aus der Gesellschaft
  14. Nachrichten aus der Gesellschaft
https://doi.org/10.1515/nf-2022-0007
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
networks; odor; olfaction; oscillations; respiration

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Editorial
  4. Review articles
  5. Perireceptor events and peripheral modulation of olfactory signals in the olfactory epithelium of vertebrates
  6. Mammalian social memory relies on neuromodulation in the olfactory bulb
  7. How the body rules the nose
  8. Information about space from time: how mammals navigate the odour landscape
  9. Functional role of the anterior olfactory nucleus in sensory information processing
  10. How the sense of smell influences cognition throughout life
  11. Presentation of scientific institutions
  12. The “MultiSensE” consortium
  13. Nachrichten aus der Gesellschaft
  14. Nachrichten aus der Gesellschaft
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Heruntergeladen am 31.12.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/nf-2022-0007/html
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