Home Improvement of the mechanical and wear properties of Al6061 alloys with quartz and SiC hybrid reinforcements by powder metallurgy
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Improvement of the mechanical and wear properties of Al6061 alloys with quartz and SiC hybrid reinforcements by powder metallurgy

  • Serkan Ateş

    Dr. Serkan Ateş, born in 1973, graduated with a degree in Mechanical Engineering from Black Sea Technical University. He received his Ph.D. from Kırıkkale University in 2011, focusing on the production and properties of SiC-reinforced Al2014 matrix composite materials using the pressure infiltration method. From 2002 to 2011, he worked as a Research Assistant at Kırıkkale University. Subsequently, he worked as an Assistant Professor at Bartın University from 2011 to 2017. Since 2017, he has been an Assistant Professor at Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University. His primary research interest is the mechanical behavior of composite materials.

     ORCID logo EMAIL logo     and Sertaç Coşman

    Dr. Sertaç Coşman received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics from Lehigh University, USA, in 2022. His research interests include thermodynamics, renewable energy, fuel additives and thermal behavior of composites. He is currently working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University.
Published/Copyright: June 4, 2025
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Materials Testing
From the journal Materials Testing Volume 67 Issue 7

Abstract

This study aims to explore the potential of quartz, a naturally abundant mineral, as a reinforcing material in the fabrication of metal matrix composites. Al6061 alloy was selected as the matrix material due to its widespread application in the automotive industry. Silicon carbide (SiC), a commonly employed reinforcement in composite manufacturing, was incorporated as a secondary reinforcement in the production of hybrid composites, enabling an investigation into its compatibility with quartz. The composites were fabricated via the powder metallurgy (P/M) technique. Microstructural analysis demonstrated the integration of quartz within the internal structure, revealing a nearly homogeneous distribution of reinforcements with minimal agglomeration. Micro Vickers hardness testing revealed that introducing 10 % quartz enhanced the hardness of the Al6061 alloy by 79.69 %. The most pronounced hardness improvement, however, was achieved in the hybrid composite reinforced with 5 % SiC and 7 % quartz, exhibiting a 108.95 % increase. Wear resistance generally improved by up to 10 % as the reinforcement fraction increased. Notably, the composite reinforced with 5 % SiC and 7 % quartz exhibited the greatest enhancement in wear resistance, surpassing the unreinforced alloy by 369.23 %. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity (TC) coefficient of the composite reinforced with 7 % quartz decreased by 7.54 % relative to the unreinforced alloy.

Keywords: powder metallurgy; quartz; composite; hardness; wear; thermal properties
Corresponding author: Serkan Ateş, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering-Architecture Faculty, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Türkiye, E-mail:

Funding source: Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office

Award Identifier / Grant number: Project number: 0874-MP-23

About the authors

Serkan Ateş

Dr. Serkan Ateş, born in 1973, graduated with a degree in Mechanical Engineering from Black Sea Technical University. He received his Ph.D. from Kırıkkale University in 2011, focusing on the production and properties of SiC-reinforced Al2014 matrix composite materials using the pressure infiltration method. From 2002 to 2011, he worked as a Research Assistant at Kırıkkale University. Subsequently, he worked as an Assistant Professor at Bartın University from 2011 to 2017. Since 2017, he has been an Assistant Professor at Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University. His primary research interest is the mechanical behavior of composite materials.

Sertaç Coşman

Dr. Sertaç Coşman received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics from Lehigh University, USA, in 2022. His research interests include thermodynamics, renewable energy, fuel additives and thermal behavior of composites. He is currently working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: S.A. supervised the project and conducted the experiments. S.C. analyzed the data and finalized the manuscript. Both authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: This project was supported by the Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office (Project Number: 0874-MP-23).

  7. Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

References

[1] D. Gay, Composite Materials: Design and Applications, Boca Raton, USA, CRC Press, 2022.Search in Google Scholar

[2] F. L. Matthews and R. D. Rawlings, Composite Materials: Engineering and Science, Boca Raton, USA, CRC Press, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

[3] M. Bhong, et al.., “Review of composite materials and applications,” Mater. Today: Proc., 2023 (in press). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.10.026.Search in Google Scholar

[4] D. K. Sharma, D. Mahant, and G. Upadhyay, “Manufacturing of metal matrix composites: a state of review,” Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 506–519, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.128.Search in Google Scholar

[5] I. A. Ibrahim, F. A. Mohamed, and E. J. Lavernia, “Particulate reinforced metal matrix composites-a review,” J. Mater. Sci., vol. 26, pp. 1137–1156, 1991, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00544448.Search in Google Scholar

[6] V. K. Parikh, V. Patel, D. P. Pandya, and J. Andersson, “Current status on manufacturing routes to produce metal matrix composites: state-of-the-art,” Heliyon, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1–46, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13558.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[7] N. Duru, S. Kaner, Y. Kaplan, N. K. Sever, A. Ozer, and S. Aksoz, “Wear properties of Al6061/SiC + B4C + TiC hybrid composites produced by vacuum infiltration method,” Mater. Test., vol. 66, no. 12, pp. 2087–2097, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0388.Search in Google Scholar

[8] Y. Wang and T. Monetta, “Systematic study of preparation technology, microstructure characteristics and mechanical behaviors for SiC particle-reinforced metal matrix composites,” J. Mater. Res. Technol., vol. 25, pp. 7470–7497, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.07.145.Search in Google Scholar

[9] J. C. Ince, et al.., “Overview of emerging hybrid and composite materials for space applications,” Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater., vol. 6, no. 130, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-023-00678-5.Search in Google Scholar

[10] B. Singh, et al.., “A future prospects and current scenario of aluminium metal matrix composites characteristics,” Alex. Eng. J., vol. 76, pp. 1–17, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.06.028..Search in Google Scholar

[11] S. R. Biswal and S. Sahoo, “Structural and morphological behavior of Al-based hybrid composites reinforced by SiC and WS2 inorganic material,” Mater. Test., vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 87–98, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2024-0248.Search in Google Scholar

[12] A. D. Pradeep and T. Rameshkumar, “Influence of heat treatment on metallurgical and mechanical properties of aluminium Al6061 hybrid metal matrix composites,” Mater. Test., vol. 66, no. 12, pp. 2030–2044, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2024-0204.Search in Google Scholar

[13] A. Kumar, V. P. Singh, R. C. Singh, R. Chaudhary, D. Kumar, and A. H. I. Mourad, “A review of aluminum metal matrix composites: fabrication route, reinforcements, microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion properties,” J. Mater. Sci., vol. 59, pp. 2644–2711, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-024-09398-7.Search in Google Scholar

[14] V. Chak, H. Chattopadhyay, and T. L. Dora, “A review on fabrication methods, reinforcements and mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites,” J. Manuf. Processes, vol. 56, no. A, pp. 1059–1074, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.05.042.Search in Google Scholar

[15] A. K. Sharma, R. Bhandari, and C. A. Pinca-Bretotean, “Systematic overview on fabrication aspects and methods of aluminum metal matrix composites,” Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 4133–4138, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.899.Search in Google Scholar

[16] Y. Bayrak, “Influence of SiC content on the properties of Al/SiC composites produced by powder metallurgical route,” Mater. Test., vol. 66, no. 12, pp. 2011–2017, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2024-0296.Search in Google Scholar

[17] S. K. Sharma, K. K. Saxena, K. H. Salem, K. A. Mohammed, R. Singh, and C. Prakash, “Effects of various fabrication techniques on the mechanical characteristics of metal matrix composites: a review,” Adv. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 277–294, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1080/2374068X.2022.2144276.Search in Google Scholar

[18] A. Kumar, O. Vichare, K. Debnath, and M. Paswan, “Fabrication methods of metal matrix composites (MMCs),” Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 46, no. 15, pp. 6840–6846, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.04.432.Search in Google Scholar

[19] V. V. Vani and S. K. Chak, “The effect of process parameters in aluminum metal matrix composites with powder metallurgy,” Manuf. Rev., vol. 5, pp. 1–13, 2018, Art. no. 7, https://doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2018001.Search in Google Scholar

[20] A. M. Sankhla, et al.., “Effect of mixing method and particle size on hardness and compressive strength of aluminium based metal matrix composite prepared through powder metallurgy route,” J. Mater. Res. Technol., vol. 18, pp. 282–292, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.02.094.Search in Google Scholar

[21] G. Manohar, A. Dey, K. M. Pandey, and S. R. Maity, “Fabrication of metal matrix composites by powder metallurgy: a review,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 1952, no. 1, pp. 20–41, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5032003.Search in Google Scholar

[22] M. M. Boopathi, K. P. Arulshri, and N. Iyandurai, “Evaluation of mechanical properties of aluminium alloy 2024 reinforced with silicon carbide and fly ash hybrid metal matrix composites,” Am. J. Appl. Sci., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 219–229, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2013.219.229.Search in Google Scholar

[23] S. J. S. Chelladurai, S. S. Kumar, N. Venugopal, A. P. Ray, T. C. Manjunath, and S. Gnanasekaran, “A review on mechanical properties and wear behaviour of aluminium based metal matrix composites,” Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 908–916, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.053.Search in Google Scholar

[24] K. C. Nayak, H. Choi, and K. B. Lee, “Thermal expansion behavior of nitrogen-processed Al6061/SiC composites,” J. Mater. Sci., vol. 59, pp. 18473–18487, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-024-10170-0.Search in Google Scholar

[25] B. Prakash, T. J. Saravanan, K. S. A. Kabeer, and K. Bisht, “Exploring the potential of waste marble powder as a sustainable substitute to cement in cement-based composites: a review,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 401, 2023, Art. no. 132887, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132887.Search in Google Scholar

[26] S. Sunardi, et al.., “Assessment of eggshell-based material as a green-composite filler: project milestones and future potential as an engineering material,” J. Mech. Behav. Mater., vol. 32, no. 1, 2023, Art. no. 20220269, https://doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2022-0269.Search in Google Scholar

[27] K. Yorseng, S. M. Rangappa, H. Pulikkalparambil, S. Siengchin, and J. Parameswaranpillai, “Accelerated weathering studies of kenaf/sisal fiber fabric reinforced fully biobased hybrid bioepoxy composites for semi-structural applications: morphology, thermo-mechanical, water absorption behavior and surface hydrophobicity,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 235, 2020, Art. no. 117464, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117464.Search in Google Scholar

[28] B. Parveez, M. A. Maleque, and N. A. Jamal, “Influence of agro-based reinforcements on the properties of aluminum matrix composites: a systematic review,” J. Mater. Sci., vol. 56, pp. 16195–16222, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06305-2.Search in Google Scholar

[29] J. Götze and R. Möckel, Eds. Quartz: Deposits, Mineralogy and Analytics, Berlin, Germany, Springer-Verlag, 2012.10.1007/978-3-642-22161-3Search in Google Scholar

[30] A. J. Clegg, Precision Casting Processes, Oxford, UK, Pergamon Press, 1991.Search in Google Scholar

[31] J. Campbell, Castings, Oxford, UK, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, 1991.Search in Google Scholar

[32] B. Hallstedt, Z. K. Liu, and J. Agren, “Fibre-matrix interactions during fabrication of Al2O3–Mg metal matrix composites,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A, vol. 129, no. 1, pp. 135–145, 1990, https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(90)90352-4.Search in Google Scholar

[33] W. M. Zhong, G. L’Espérance, and M. Suéry, “Interfacial reactions in Al-Mg (5083)/SiCp composites during fabrication and remelting,” Metall. Mater. Trans. A, vol. 26, pp. 2637–2649, 1995, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02669421.Search in Google Scholar

[34] P. Şanlı and M. Gavas, “Microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of Al/SiC and Al/B4C metal matrix composites produced by powder metallurgy,” J. Mater. Mechatron., A, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 72–89, 2021, [CrossRef].Search in Google Scholar

[35] A. Kumar and M. Kumar, “Investigations on physical, mechanical, and wear characteristics of SiC-AA7075 alloy composites fabricated by using powder metallurgy method,” J. Bio- Tribo-Corros., vol. 11, pp. 1–15, 2025, Art. no. 9, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-024-00926-1.Search in Google Scholar

[36] M. Didwania, L. Singh, A. Pagare, and S. Sharma, “Wear study of Al 6061 hybrid composite reinforced with sic and B4C microparticles and fabricated by powder metallurgy method,” EVERGREEN Joint J. Novel Carbon Resour. Sci. Green Asia Strat., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1–14, 2024, [CrossRef].10.5109/7326946Search in Google Scholar

[37] M. S. Surya, “Effect of SiC weight percentage and sintering duration on microstructural and mechanical behaviour of Al6061/SiC composites produced by powder metallurgy technique,” Silicon, vol. 14, pp. 2731–2739, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01053-z.Search in Google Scholar

[38] H. Karakoç, İ. Ovalı, S. Dündar, and R. Çıtak, “Wear and mechanical properties of Al6061/SiC/B4C hybrid composites produced with powder metallurgy,” J. Mater. Res. Technol., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 5348–5361, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.09.002.Search in Google Scholar

[39] S. Mahdavi and F. Akhlaghi, “Fabrication and characteristics of Al6061/SiC/Gr hybrid composites processed by in-situ powder metallurgy method,” J. Compos. Mater., vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 437–447, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998312440898.Search in Google Scholar

[40] W. Melik, Z. Boumerzoug, and F. Delaunois, “Characterization of the Al6061 alloy reinforced with SiC nanoparticles and prepared via powder metallurgy,” Malays. J. Compos. Sci. Manuf., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 22–34, 2022, https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.9.1.2234.Search in Google Scholar

[41] Y. G. Chen, B. Wang, J. Zhang, and W. Tang, “Fabrication, microstructure and properties of the mid-fraction SiC particles/6061 Al composites using an optimized powder metallurgy technique,” Russian J. Non-Ferrous Metals, vol. 60, pp. 312–318, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821219030076.Search in Google Scholar

[42] R. Zare, H. Sharifi, M. R. Saeri, and M. Tayebi, “Investigating the effect of SiC particles on the physical and thermal properties of Al6061/SiCp composite,” J. Alloys Compd., vol. 801, pp. 520–528, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.05.317.Search in Google Scholar

[43] K. K. Sadhu, N. Mandal, and R. R. Sahoo, “SiC/Graphene reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites prepared by powder metallurgy: a review,” J. Manuf. Processes, vol. 91, pp. 10–43, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.02.026.Search in Google Scholar

[44] J. Hemanth, “Abrasive and slurry wear behavior of chilled aluminum alloy (A356) reinforced with fused silica (SiO2p) metal matrix composites,” Composites, Part B, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 1826–1833, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.06.022.Search in Google Scholar

[45] S. C. Sharma, K. H. W. Seah, B. M. Girish, R. Kamath, and B. M. Satish, “Mechanical properties and fractography of cast lead-alloy/quartz particulate composites,” Mater. Des., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 149–153, 1997, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3069(97)00052-6.Search in Google Scholar

[46] S. Sulaiman, M. Sayuti, and R. Samin, “Mechanical properties of the as-cast quartz particulate reinforced LM6 alloy matrix composites,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 201, nos. 1–3, pp. 731–735, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.11.221.Search in Google Scholar

[47] V. M. Sreekumar, R. M. Pillai, B. C. Pai, and M. Chakraborty, “A study on the formation of MgAl2O4 and MgO crystals in Al–Mg/Quartz composite by differential thermal analysis,” J. Alloys Compd., vol. 461, nos. 1–2, pp. 501–508, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.032.Search in Google Scholar

[48] S. Tejyan, C. Lal, C. K. Ror, and V. Singh, “Influence of marble waste reinforcement on mechanical properties and sliding wear behavior of an aluminium alloy metal matrix composite,” J. Eng. Res., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 131–141, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jer.2023.08.002.Search in Google Scholar

[49] E. V. Fomina, N. I. Kozhukhova, E. A. Belovodsky, V. A. Klimenko, and M. I. Kozhukhova, “Microstructural analysis of changes in the morphology of quartz raw materials of different genesis at dry milling,” Mater. Sci. Forum, vol. 1017, pp. 91–100, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1017.91.Search in Google Scholar

[50] M. H. Adib and R. Abedinzadeh, “Study of mechanical properties and wear behavior of hybrid Al/(Al2O3+SiC) nanocomposites fabricated by powder technology,” Mater. Chem. Phys., vol. 305, 2023, Art. no. 127922, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2023.127922.Search in Google Scholar

[51] M. Bilal, N. Shaikh, T. Aziz, S. Arif, A. H. Ansari, and P. G. Karagiannidis, “Effect of sintering techniques on microstructural, mechanical and tribological properties of Al-SiC composites,” Surf. Interfaces, vol. 20, 2020, Art. no. 100598, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100598.Search in Google Scholar

[52] F. Erdemir, A. Canakci, and T. Varol, “Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of functionally graded Al2024/SiC composites prepared by powder metallurgy techniques,” Trans. Nonferrous Metals Soc. China, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 3569–3577, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(15)63996-6.Search in Google Scholar

[53] N. Al-Aqeeli, K. Abdullahi, A. S. Hakeem, C. Suryanarayana, T. Laoui, and S. Nouari, “Synthesis, characterisation and mechanical properties of SiC reinforced Al-based nanocomposites processed by MA and SPS,” Powder Metall., vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 149–157, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1179/1743290112Y.0000000029.Search in Google Scholar

[54] Y. Youssef and M. El-Sayed, “Effect of reinforcement particle size and weight fraction on the mechanical properties of SiC particle reinforced Al metal matrix composites,” Int. Rev. Mech. Eng., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 261–265, 2016, https://doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v10i4.9509.Search in Google Scholar

[55] S. C. Jeng and S. W. Chen, “The solidification characteristics of 6061 and A356 aluminum alloys and their ceramic particle-reinforced composites,” Acta Mater., vol. 45, no. 12, p. 4887, 1997, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00189-4.Search in Google Scholar

[56] W. Y. Kim, C. G. Kang, and B. M. Kim, “The effect of the solid fraction on rheological behavior of wrought aluminum alloys in incremental compression experiments with a closed die,” Mater. Sci. Eng.: A, vol. 447, nos. 1–2, pp. 1–10, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.10.019.Search in Google Scholar

[57] Y. Wu, G. Y. Kim, I. E. Anderson, and T. A. Lograsso, “Fabrication of Al6061 composite with high SiC particle loading by semi-solid powder processing,” Acta Mater., vol. 58, no. 13, pp. 4398–4405, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2010.04.036.Search in Google Scholar

[58] S. P. Dwivedi, N. K. Maurya, M. Maurya, A. Saxena, and A. K. Srivastava, “Optimization of casting parameters for improved mechanical properties of eggshell reinforced composites,” Mater. Test., vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 1041–1051, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-0044.Search in Google Scholar

[59] G. B. V. Kumar, C. S. P. Rao, and N. Selvaraj, “Studies on mechanical and dry sliding wear of Al606-SiC composites,” Composites: Part B, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 1185–1191, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.08.046.Search in Google Scholar

[60] N. Kumar, P. K. Patnaik, S. K. Mishra, G. K. Mohanta, and M. R. Panda, “Mechanical and tribological properties of Al7075-based metal matrix composite reinforced with boron carbide and blast furnace slag,” Mater. Today: Proc., 2023 (in press). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.12.037.Search in Google Scholar

[61] M. K. Akbari, H. R. Baharvandi, and O. Mirzaee, “Fabrication of nano-sized Al2O3 reinforced casting aluminum composite focusing on preparation process of reinforcement powders and evaluation of its properties,” Composites: Part B, vol. 55, pp. 426–432, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.07.008.Search in Google Scholar

[62] E. A. Diler, A. Ghiami, and R. Ipek, “Effect of high ratio of reinforcement particle size to matrix powder size and volume fraction on microstructure, densification and tribological properties of SiCp reinforced metal matrix composites manufactured via hot pressing method,” Int. J. Refract. Metals Hard Mater., vol. 52, pp. 183–194, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2015.06.008.Search in Google Scholar

[63] N. A. Bunakov, et al.., “Fabrication of multi-walled carbon nanotubes–aluminum matrix composite by powder metallurgy technique,” Results Phys., vol. 6, pp. 231–232, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2016.04.013..Search in Google Scholar

[64] G. B. V. Kumar, C. S. P. Rao, and N. Selvaraj, “Mechanical and tribological behavior of particulate reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites – a review,” J. Miner. Mater. Character. Eng., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 59–91, 2010, [CrossRef], https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2011.101005.Search in Google Scholar

[65] R. J. Arsenault and N. Shi, “Dislocation generation due to differences between the coefficients of thermal expansion,” Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 81, pp. 175–187, 1986, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(86)90261-2.Search in Google Scholar

[66] C. M. Styles, I. Sinclair, K. Foster, and P. J. Gregson, “Workhardening effects in SiC particle reinforced aluminium alloys,” Mater. Sci. Technol., vol. 14, pp. 1053–1056, 1998, https://doi.org/10.1179/mst.1998.14.9-10.1053.Search in Google Scholar

[67] X. Zeng, W. Liu, B. Xu, G. Shu, and Q. Li, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–SiC nanocomposites synthesized by surface-modified aluminium powder,” Metals, vol. 8, no. 4, 2018, Art. no. 253, https://doi.org/10.3390/met8040253.Search in Google Scholar

[68] D. J. Lloyd, “Particle reinforced aluminium and magnesium matrix composites,” Int. Mater. Rev., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 1–23, 1994, https://doi.org/10.1179/imr.1994.39.Search in Google Scholar

[69] J. Abraham, C. R. Madane, I. Dinaharan, and J. Baruch, “Development of quartz particulate reinforced AA6063 aluminum matrix composites via friction stir processing,” J. Asian Ceram. Soc., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 381–389, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jascer.2016.08.001.Search in Google Scholar

[70] J. F. Archard, “Contact and rubbing of flat surfaces,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 24, pp. 981–988, 1953, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1721448.Search in Google Scholar

[71] H. Warlimont and W. Martienssen, Springer Handbook of Materials Data, Switzerland, Springer Nature, 2018.10.1007/978-3-319-69743-7Search in Google Scholar

[72] A. Hiremath, “Effect of volumetric heat capacity of chill material on the hardness and thermal diffusivity of Al6061-quartz composite,” Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 2241–2246, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.535.Search in Google Scholar

[73] A. Verma, A. Pal, S. P. Dwivedi, and S. Sharma, “Behavior of green composites reinforced with recycled agro-waste GSA,” Mater. Test., vol. 61, no. 9, pp. 894–900, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111399.Search in Google Scholar
Published Online: 2025-06-04
Published in Print: 2025-07-28

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Auxetic behavior of Ti6Al4V lattice structures manufactured by laser powder bed fusion
  3. Hardness, shear strength, and microstructure of friction stir lap welded copper/aluminum using various parameters
  4. Influence of oscillating fiber laser welding process parameters on the fatigue response and mechanical performance of butt-jointed TWIP980 steels
  5. Fatigue analysis of TIG welded joints of dissimilar aluminum alloys
  6. Corrosion of self-piercing riveting joint in a Cl− and HSO3− environment
  7. Effect of annealing for stress relief on the surface integrity of gray cast iron with lamellar graphite after cavitation erosion
  8. Effects of boride coating on wear behaviour of biomedical grade Ti–45Nb alloy
  9. Effect of space holder agent on microstructural and mechanical properties of commercially pure titanium
  10. Impact and biaxial tensile-after impact behaviors of inter-ply hybrid carbon-glass/epoxy composite plates
  11. Improvement of the mechanical and wear properties of Al6061 alloys with quartz and SiC hybrid reinforcements by powder metallurgy
  12. Surface strain-based calculation of principal directional strains in multi-material carbon fiber laminates
  13. Tribological and mechanical behaviour of Al 359 composites reinforced with B4Cp, SiCp and flyash
  14. Effect of Al-based coatings deposited by EASC on exfoliation corrosion susceptibility of EN AW 7020-T6
  15. Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using Curcuma longa L. extract: composite dielectric and mechanical properties
  16. Comprehensive optimization of shot peening intensity using a hybrid model with AI-based techniques via Almen tests
https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2024-0566
Keywords for this article
powder metallurgy; quartz; composite; hardness; wear; thermal properties

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Auxetic behavior of Ti6Al4V lattice structures manufactured by laser powder bed fusion
  3. Hardness, shear strength, and microstructure of friction stir lap welded copper/aluminum using various parameters
  4. Influence of oscillating fiber laser welding process parameters on the fatigue response and mechanical performance of butt-jointed TWIP980 steels
  5. Fatigue analysis of TIG welded joints of dissimilar aluminum alloys
  6. Corrosion of self-piercing riveting joint in a Cl− and HSO3− environment
  7. Effect of annealing for stress relief on the surface integrity of gray cast iron with lamellar graphite after cavitation erosion
  8. Effects of boride coating on wear behaviour of biomedical grade Ti–45Nb alloy
  9. Effect of space holder agent on microstructural and mechanical properties of commercially pure titanium
  10. Impact and biaxial tensile-after impact behaviors of inter-ply hybrid carbon-glass/epoxy composite plates
  11. Improvement of the mechanical and wear properties of Al6061 alloys with quartz and SiC hybrid reinforcements by powder metallurgy
  12. Surface strain-based calculation of principal directional strains in multi-material carbon fiber laminates
  13. Tribological and mechanical behaviour of Al 359 composites reinforced with B4Cp, SiCp and flyash
  14. Effect of Al-based coatings deposited by EASC on exfoliation corrosion susceptibility of EN AW 7020-T6
  15. Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using Curcuma longa L. extract: composite dielectric and mechanical properties
  16. Comprehensive optimization of shot peening intensity using a hybrid model with AI-based techniques via Almen tests
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 16.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/mt-2024-0566/html
Scroll to top button