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Effect of austempering temperatures on mechanical properties of dual matrix structure austempered ductile iron

  • Ahmet Uyar

    Mr. Ahmet Uyar was born in 1977 and works at the Department of Machine and Metal Technologies, Baskent OSB Vocational School, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. He received his BSc degree from the Department of Metallurgy Education from Gazi University in 2001. He received his MSc degree from Gazi University in 2022. His areas of interest include computer-aided design, manufacturing, and heat treatments of cast irons.

         , Omer Sahin

    Mr. Omer Sahin was born in 1988 and works at the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. He received his BSc and MSc degrees from the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, in 2015 and 2018, respectively. His research interests include heat treatments of steels and cast irons, materials characterization, and mechanical tests.

         , Neset Akar

    Assoc. Prof. Dr. Neset Akar was born in 1973 and works at the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. He graduated from the Department of Metallurgy Education from Gazi University in 1996. He received his MSc and PhD degrees from Gazi University in 2000 and 2006, respectively. His research interests include casting technologies, computer-aided casting design, and semi-solid processing of aluminum alloys.

         and Volkan Kilicli

    Assoc. Prof. Dr. Volkan Kilicli was born in 1980 and works at the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. He graduated from the Department of Metallurgy Education from Gazi University in 2001. He received his MSc and PhD degrees from Gazi University in 2004 and 2010, respectively. His research interests include heat treatments of steels and cast irons, semi-solid processing of aluminum alloys, self-healing metallic materials, and metal matrix composites.

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Published/Copyright: November 22, 2024
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Materials Testing
From the journal Materials Testing Volume 66 Issue 12

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of the austempering temperatures on the microstructures and mechanical properties of austempered ductile iron with dual-matrix structure (DMS-ADI). An unalloyed ferritic ductile iron bar samples were intercritically austenitized at 810 °C for 60 min and austempered at different austempering temperatures (300 °C, 325 °C, 350 °C, and 375 °C) for 120 min. Microstructural and mechanical characterization were examined using optical microscopes, scanning electron microscopes (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, hardness, and tensile tests. Experimental results showed that the DMS-ADI samples exhibit a dual-phase structure consisting of proeutectoid ferrite + ausferrite structures. The volume fraction of ausferrite (42.5–47.5 %) was almost stable in all austempering temperatures in DMS-ADI samples. The high-carbon retained austenite volume fraction, and its carbon content increased with increased austempering temperatures. At austempering temperatures up to 350 °C, strength and hardness increased, while energy at break and total elongation decreased. The strength and hardness decreased, while energy at break and total elongation increased at 375 °C austempering temperature. All DMS-ADI samples exhibited ductile fracture surfaces except for those austempered at 350 °C. The highest (σ UTS = 590 MPa and ε T = 18.8 %) and lowest (σ UTS = 434 MPa and ε T = 28.5 %) mechanical properties were obtained in DMS-ADI samples austempered at 350 °C and 300 °C, respectively.

Keywords: dual-matrix structure austempered ductile iron; austempered ductile iron; austempering temperature; microstructure; mechanical properties
Corresponding author: Volkan Kilicli, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, 369803 Gazi University, Ankara, 06560, Türkiye, E-mail:

Funding source: Gazi University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit

Award Identifier / Grant number: Project no: 07/2020-17

About the authors

Ahmet Uyar

Mr. Ahmet Uyar was born in 1977 and works at the Department of Machine and Metal Technologies, Baskent OSB Vocational School, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. He received his BSc degree from the Department of Metallurgy Education from Gazi University in 2001. He received his MSc degree from Gazi University in 2022. His areas of interest include computer-aided design, manufacturing, and heat treatments of cast irons.

Omer Sahin

Mr. Omer Sahin was born in 1988 and works at the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. He received his BSc and MSc degrees from the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, in 2015 and 2018, respectively. His research interests include heat treatments of steels and cast irons, materials characterization, and mechanical tests.

Neset Akar

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Neset Akar was born in 1973 and works at the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. He graduated from the Department of Metallurgy Education from Gazi University in 1996. He received his MSc and PhD degrees from Gazi University in 2000 and 2006, respectively. His research interests include casting technologies, computer-aided casting design, and semi-solid processing of aluminum alloys.

Volkan Kilicli

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Volkan Kilicli was born in 1980 and works at the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. He graduated from the Department of Metallurgy Education from Gazi University in 2001. He received his MSc and PhD degrees from Gazi University in 2004 and 2010, respectively. His research interests include heat treatments of steels and cast irons, semi-solid processing of aluminum alloys, self-healing metallic materials, and metal matrix composites.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Gazi University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project no: 07/2020-17) for financial support of this study.

  1. Research ethics: The authors declare that no AI writing tools were used in this paper.

  2. Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. Ahmet Uyar: Experimental studies (casting and heat treatments), paper writing. Omer Sahin: Experimental studies (microstructural characterization and mechanical testing), paper writing. Neset Akar: Paper writing, figures creating and editing. Volkan Kilicli: Conceptualization, fund acquisition, paper writing, and reviewing.

  3. Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Research funding: This work was financially supported by the Gazi University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project no: 07/2020-17).

  5. Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

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Published Online: 2024-11-22
Published in Print: 2024-12-17

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2024-0117
Keywords for this article
dual-matrix structure austempered ductile iron; austempered ductile iron; austempering temperature; microstructure; mechanical properties

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Bending moment calibration for rotational bending fatigue testing machine based on strain measurement
  3. Structural monitoring of elevator guide rail bracket under normal running condition
  4. TiB-based coating formation on Ti6Al4V alloy
  5. Mechanical behavior of shape memory alloys considering the effects of body fluids corrosion for biomedical applications
  6. Impact of lattice designs and production parameters on mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg in laser powder bed fusion
  7. Effect of bio-waste conch filler addition on mechanical performance of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy polymer composite
  8. Effect of austempering temperatures on mechanical properties of dual matrix structure austempered ductile iron
  9. Influence of SiC content on the properties of Al/SiC composites produced by powder metallurgical route
  10. Effect of boron content and quenching temperature on the microstructure and wear resistance of high boron steel
  11. Influence of heat treatment on metallurgical and mechanical properties of aluminium Al6061 hybrid metal matrix composites
  12. Influence of stitching on the interlaminar fracture toughness energy – modes I and II – of unidirectional GFRP
  13. Hardfacing of GX40CrNiSi25-20 cast stainless steel with an austenitic manganese steel electrode
  14. Optimization and machinability evaluation for WEDM of austempered ductile iron
  15. Diffusion kinetics of borided of low entropy soft magnetic FeCo alloy
  16. Wear properties of Al6061/SiC + B4C + TiC hybrid composites produced by vacuum infiltration method
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