Influence of high-reactivity energetic materials on microstructure and performance on iron-based cladding layer under low laser power

Zheng Liu; Yong Yang; Dusheng Sun; Jianyu Han; Shutao Ma; Bin Xu; Mingyu Yuan

doi:10.1515/mt-2023-0353

Artikel

Influence of high-reactivity energetic materials on microstructure and performance on iron-based cladding layer under low laser power

Zheng Liu
Zheng Liu, a student at Qingdao University of Technology, is responsible for proposing experimental plans, implementing them through experiments and finite element simulations, and analyzing the results of the experiments and simulations.
, Yong Yang
Yong Yang is a professor at Qingdao University of Technology responsible for supervising the experimental process with a rigorous attitude and improving the writing content. Jiangyu Han: assisted in completing the experiment. Shutao Ma: conceptualization, investigation. Bin Xu: validation, resources. Mingyu Yuan: investigation.
, Dusheng Sun , Jianyu Han , Shutao Ma , Bin Xu und Mingyu Yuan

Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 7. August 2024

Veröffentlicht von

Veröffentlichen auch Sie bei De Gruyter Brill

Manuskript einreichen Informationen für Autor*innen

Aus der Zeitschrift Materials Testing Band 66 Heft 9

Abstract

Under low laser power conditions, the cladding layer is constrained by inadequate energy density, resulting in incomplete melting of certain powder particles and the occurrence of defects such as cracks and pores within the layer. This paper utilizes a QT500 substrate and synergistically integrates high-reactivity energetic materials (H-REMs) with metal powder. By external laser energy ignition, the localized combustion of the H-REMs (Al + Fe₂O₃) is induced, thereby providing additional heat input during the laser cladding process. Through in-depth analysis of extensive experimental data, the influence of H-REMson microstructure and performance of alloy cladding layerhas beenrevealed. The research results demonstrate that the inclusion of H-REMs leads to a 450 K increase in the maximum temperature of the molten pool. By incorporating high-reactivity energetic materials, the energy density utilization of the composite material increased from 0.2663 to 0.7375. The combustion wave generated by H-REMs induces mixing in the molten pool, resulting in cladding layer grain refinement and an average hardness increase of 80 HV₁. The friction coefficient decreases from 0.71024 (prior to the addition of H-REMs) to 0.35809, representing a reduction of approximately 49 %.

Keywords: highly reactive energetic materials; low power; laser cladding coatings; microstructure and performance; wear

Corresponding author: Yong Yang, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China, E-mail: yyong901@163.com

Funding source: the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation

Award Identifier / Grant number: ZR2022ME058

Funding source: the Major Innovation Project of science and technology planning of Qingdao West Coast New Area

Award Identifier / Grant number: 2021-54

Funding source: the special projects of science and technology planning of Qingdao West Coast New Area

Award Identifier / Grant number: No.2021-113

About the authors

Zheng Liu

Zheng Liu, a student at Qingdao University of Technology, is responsible for proposing experimental plans, implementing them through experiments and finite element simulations, and analyzing the results of the experiments and simulations.

Yong Yang

Yong Yang is a professor at Qingdao University of Technology responsible for supervising the experimental process with a rigorous attitude and improving the writing content. Jiangyu Han: assisted in completing the experiment. Shutao Ma: conceptualization, investigation. Bin Xu: validation, resources. Mingyu Yuan: investigation.

References

[1] C. Özorak, F. Okay, E. Özorak, and S. Islak, “Wear and microstructural properties of coatings on Weldox 700 steel,” Mater. Test., vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 645–651, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111526.Suche in Google Scholar

[2] E. I. Mahmoud, S. Khan, and M. Ejaz, “Laser surface cladding of mild steel with 316L stainless steel for anti-corrosion applications,” Mater. Today, vol. 39, pp. 1029–1033, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.763.Suche in Google Scholar

[3] G. X. Liu and H. G. Fu, “Microstructure and properties of laser cladding in-situ ceramic particles reinforced Ni-based coatings,” Mater. Test., vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 855–866, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2022-0328.Suche in Google Scholar

[4] K. F. Dang and Z. Q. Jiang, “Microstructure evolution and properties of a laser cladded Ni-Based WC reinforced composite coating,” Mater. Test., vol. 62, no. 11, pp. 1078–1084, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2020-621104.Suche in Google Scholar

[5] P. Kattire, S. Paul, R. Singh, and W. Y. Yan, “Experimental characterization of laser cladding of CPM 9V on H13 tool steel for die repair applications,” J. Manuf. Processes, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 492–499, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2015.06.018.Suche in Google Scholar

[6] A. Pascu, J. M. Rosca, and E. M. Stanciu, “Laser cladding: from experimental research to industrial applications,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1059–1065, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.08.021.Suche in Google Scholar

[7] G. Q. Wang, S. R. Wang, Z. Q. Yin, X. F. Yang, D. S. Wen, and Y. J. Sun, “Synthesis of Ni-WC/Al-Ni functionally graded coating with advanced corrosion and wear resistance on AZ91D Mg alloy by laser cladding,” Mater. Lett., vol. 333, pp. 133645, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2022.133645.Suche in Google Scholar

[8] P. Kittivitayakul, J. Khamwannah, P. Juijerm, A. W. Lothongkum, and G. Lothongkum, “Wear resistance of laser cladded Stellite 31 coating on AISI 316L steel,” Mater. Test., vol. 60, pp. 969–973, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111239.Suche in Google Scholar

[9] P. Kittivitayakul, et al., “Fabrication of two-layer flexible copper clad laminate by electroless-Cu plating on surface modified polyimide,” Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 970–974, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(08)60388-X.Suche in Google Scholar

[10] A. S. Pandian, R. Srinivasan, S. Palani, and M. Selvam, “Surface modification on AZ31B Mg alloy for improved corrosion resistance and hardness by thermal spray aluminium coating,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 2586–2592, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.155.Suche in Google Scholar

[11] S. Y. Xu, Q. Cai, G. Li, X. F. Lu, and X. L. Zhu, “Effect of scanning speed on microstructure and properties of TiC/Ni60 composite coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy by laser cladding,” Opt. Laser Technol., vol. 154, pp. 108309, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108309.Suche in Google Scholar

[12] T. Ge, L. Chen, P. F. Gu, X. D. Ren, and X. M. Chen, “Microstructure and corrosion resistance of TiC/Inconel 625 composite coatings by extreme high speed laser cladding,” Opt. Laser Technol., vol. 150, pp. 107919, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.107919.Suche in Google Scholar

[13] H. Z. Wang, Y. H. Cheng, X. C. Zhang, J. Y. Yang, and C. M. Cao, “Effect of laser scanning speed on microstructure and properties of Fe based amorphous/nanocrystalline cladding coatings,” Mater. Chem. Phys., vol. 250, pp. 123091, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123091.Suche in Google Scholar

[14] Y. H. Ling and K. M. Wang, “Microstructure and properties of a laser cladded NiCrBSi alloy coating,” Mater. Test., vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 698–702, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111535.Suche in Google Scholar

[15] H. Lv, Y. Liu, H. Chen, W. Zhang, S. Y. Lv, and D. P. He, “Temperature field simulation and microstructure evolution of Fe-based coating processed by extreme high-speed laser cladding for re-manufacturing locomotive axle,” Surf. Coat. Technol., vol. 464, pp. 129529, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.129529.Suche in Google Scholar

[16] T. Wu, et al., “Study on the effect of Ni60 transition coating on microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe/WC composite coating by laser cladding,” Opt. Laser Technol., vol. 163, p. 109387, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2023.109387.Suche in Google Scholar

[17] S. S. Lu, L. Q. Wang, J. S. Zhou, and J. Liang, “Microstructure and tribological properties of laser-cladded Co-Ti3SiC2 coating with Ni-based interlayer on copper alloy,” Tribol. Int., vol. 171, pp. 107549, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2022.107549.Suche in Google Scholar

[18] M. H. Nie, S. Zhang, Z. Y. Wang, C. H. Zhang, H. T. Chen, and J. Chen, “Effect of laser power on microstructure and interfacial bonding strength of laser cladding 17-4PH stainless steel coatings,” Mater. Chem. Phys., vol. 275, pp. 125236, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.125236.Suche in Google Scholar

[19] H. L. Shi, M. L. Zhang, L. Zhou, X. R. Ren, and Q. G. Fu, “Improved oxidation protective ability of SHS powder-synthesized ZrB-MoSi2-SiC-Si coating on carbon/carbon composites,” Surf. Coat. Technol., vol. 447, pp. 128838, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128838.Suche in Google Scholar

[20] C. Shen, C. G. Li, Y. J. Guo, C. M. Liu, X. J. Zhang, and X. S. Feng, “Modeling of temperature distribution and clad geometry of the molten pool during laser cladding of TiAlSi alloys,” Opt. Laser Technol., vol. 142, pp. 107277, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107277.Suche in Google Scholar

[21] T. Zhang, et al., “Effect of hybrid ultrasonic-electromagnetic field on cracks and microstructure of Inconel 718/60%WC composites coating fabricated by laser cladding,” Ceram. Int., vol. 48, no. 22, pp. 33901–33913, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.07.339.Suche in Google Scholar

[22] S. Z. Li, et al., “Wear mechanisms and micro-evaluation of WC+TiC particle-reinforced Ni-based composite coatings fabricated by laser cladding,” Mater. Charact., vol. 197, pp. 1044–5803, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2023.112699.Suche in Google Scholar

[23] C. L. Chen, A. X. Feng, Y. C. Wei, Y. Wang, X. M. Pan, and X. Y. Song, “Role of nano WC particles addition on the corrosion behavior of laser cladding WC/Ni coatings,” Mater. Lett., vol. 337, pp. 0167–577X, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2023.133939.Suche in Google Scholar

[24] H. Zhao, L. F. Xie, N. Li, B. Zhao, and L. Y. Li, “Effect of molybdenum content on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of FeCoCrNiMox high-entropy alloys,” J. Mater. Sci. Technol., vol. 46, pp. 2352–4928, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.105032.Suche in Google Scholar

[25] J. X. Song, et al., “A comparative study of thermal kinetics and combustion performance of Al/CuO, Al/Fe2O3 and Al/MnO2 nanothermites,” Vacuum, vol. 176, pp. 0042-207X, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2020.109339.Suche in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2024-08-07

Published in Print: 2024-09-25

Sie haben derzeit keinen Zugang zu diesem Inhalt.

Artikel in diesem Heft

https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2023-0353

Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel

highly reactive energetic materials; low power; laser cladding coatings; microstructure and performance; wear