Home Low velocity impact response of sandwich composites with hybrid glass/natural fiber face-sheet and PET foam core
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Low velocity impact response of sandwich composites with hybrid glass/natural fiber face-sheet and PET foam core

  • Aidel Kadum Jassim Al-Shamary

    Aidel Kadum Jassim Al-Shamary, born in 1982, received his BSc degree in 2005 at the Technical College of Al-Musaib, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, his MSc degree in 2014 at the Mechanics branch of the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye. He is currently a PhD student at the Mechanics branch of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. His areas of research are impact behaviors of composite structures, post impact behaviors of plates and sandwich composite materials, natural and synthetic fibers reinforced composites materials.

         , Ramazan Karakuzu EMAIL logo , Halis Kandas

    Halis Kandas, born in 1993, received his BSc degree in 2016 at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, his MSc degree in 2018 at the Mechanics branch of the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye. He is currently a PhD student at the Mechanics branch of the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye. He is a 100/2000 scholarship program student. His areas of research are impact behaviors of composite structures, post impact behaviors of composite plates, particle reinforced composites and ageing of composite materials.

         and Okan Ozdemir
Published/Copyright: October 7, 2022
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Materials Testing
From the journal Materials Testing Volume 64 Issue 10

Abstract

The focus of this study is manufacture of sandwich composites using palm and jute natural fibers with E-glass due to their high specific advantages such as lightweight, thermal insulation strength, biodegradability characteristics. The sandwich composites using in this study were fabricated using vacuum assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) technique. The palm, jute and E-glass fibers were used as reinforcing materials, and PET foam core having a thickness of 10 mm was used as a core material. All specimens were then subjected to low velocity impact tests under various impact energy levels of 20 J, 30 J, 40 J, 50 J, and 60 J at room temperature. Force-time and force-deflection diagrams, maximum contact forces, contact times, and deflections corresponding to the peak forces, and absorbed energies of sandwich composites were obtained for each impact energy level in detail. Damages of sandwich composites are shown for selected energies. According to the obtained results, it was found out that the sandwich composite fabricated with palm fiber has a superior impact behavior in terms of maximum contact force compared to other configurations of sandwich composite (i.e., neat E-glass and jute reinforced E-glass).

Keywords: E-glass; jute fiber; low velocity impact; palm fiber; PET foam
Corresponding author: Ramazan Karakuzu, Departmet of Mechanical Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey, E-mail:

About the authors

Aidel Kadum Jassim Al-Shamary

Aidel Kadum Jassim Al-Shamary, born in 1982, received his BSc degree in 2005 at the Technical College of Al-Musaib, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, his MSc degree in 2014 at the Mechanics branch of the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye. He is currently a PhD student at the Mechanics branch of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. His areas of research are impact behaviors of composite structures, post impact behaviors of plates and sandwich composite materials, natural and synthetic fibers reinforced composites materials.

Halis Kandas

Halis Kandas, born in 1993, received his BSc degree in 2016 at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, his MSc degree in 2018 at the Mechanics branch of the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye. He is currently a PhD student at the Mechanics branch of the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye. He is a 100/2000 scholarship program student. His areas of research are impact behaviors of composite structures, post impact behaviors of composite plates, particle reinforced composites and ageing of composite materials.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: None declared.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

References

[1] P. Anand, D. Rajesh, M. S. Kumar, and I. S. Raj, “Investigations on the performances of treated jute/kenaf hybrid natural fiber reinforced epoxy composite,” J. Polym. Res., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 1–9, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-018-1494-6.Search in Google Scholar

[2] B. Sudhabindu, M. Abidali, and C. Udayakiran, “The mechanical properties of jute/E-glass fiber reinforced polymer composites influenced by hygrothermal effects,” Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 6799–6804, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.339.Search in Google Scholar

[3] A. Gopinath, M. Senthilkumar, and A. Babu, “Evaluation of mechanical properties and microstructure of polyester and epoxy resin matrices reinforced with Jute, E-glass and coconut fiber,” Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 20092–20103, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.06.376.Search in Google Scholar

[4] A. K. J. Al-Shamary, R. Karakuzu, and O. Ozdemir, “Low-velocity impact response of sandwich composites with different foam core configurations,” J. Sandw. Struct. Mater., vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 754–768, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1177/1099636216653267.Search in Google Scholar

[5] C. Sivakandhan, G. Murali, N. Tamiloli, and L. Ravikumar, “Studies on mechanical properties of sisal and jute fiber hybrid sandwich composite,” Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 21, pp. 404–407, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.374.Search in Google Scholar

[6] M. R. Sanjay, G. R. Arpitha, P. Senthamaraikannan, M. Kathiresan, M. A. Saibalaji, and B. Yogesha, “The hybrid effect of jute/kenaf/E-glass woven fabric epoxy composites for medium load applications: impact, inter-laminar strength, and failure surface characterization,” J. Nat. Fibers., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 600–612, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2018.1431828.Search in Google Scholar

[7] K. Sangamesh, S. Ravishankar, and S. M. Kulkarni, “Ballistic impact study on jute-epoxy and natural rubber sandwich composites,” Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 6916–6923, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.353.Search in Google Scholar

[8] K. Jha, B. B. Samantaray, and P. Tamrakar, “A study on erosion and mechanical behavior of jute/E-glass hybrid composite,” Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 5601–5607, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.12.151.Search in Google Scholar

[9] O. Ozdemir, R. Karakuzu, and A. K. J. Al-Shamary, “Core-thickness effect on the impact response of sandwich composites with poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) foam cores,” J. Compos. Mater., vol. 49, no. 11, pp. 1315–1329, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998314533597.Search in Google Scholar

[10] V. Arikan, A. Dogan, T. Dogan, E. Sabanci, and A. K. J. Al-Shamary, “Effects of temperature and hole drilling on adhesively bonded single-lap joints,” J. Adhes., vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 177–185, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2013.874293.Search in Google Scholar

[11] S. S. Heckadka, S. Y. Nayak, S. P. Vishal, and N. M. Amin, “Evaluation of flexural and compressive strength of E glass/jute and E glass/banana hybrid epoxy hollow composite shafts,” Key Eng. Mater., vol. 777, pp. 438–445, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.777.438.Search in Google Scholar

[12] A. K. J. Al-Shamary, Investigation of Energy Absorption Capacity of Sandwich Composites Subjected to the Impact Loadings, MSc. Thesis, The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, 2014.Search in Google Scholar

[13] O. Ozdemir, N. Oztoprak, and H. Kandas, “Single and repeated impact behaviors of biosandwich structures consisting of thermoplastic face sheets and different balsa core thicknesses,” Compos. B. Eng., vol. 149, pp. 49–57, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.05.016.Search in Google Scholar

[14] A. Dogan, “Low-velocity impact, bending, and compression response of carbon fiber/epoxy-based sandwich composites with different types of core materials,” J. Sandw. Struct. Mater., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1956–1971, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1177/1099636220908862.Search in Google Scholar

[15] A. Kuş, “Impact behavior of multi-layer carbon skin composite sandwich panels with 3D spacer fabric,” Mater. Test., vol. 57, nos. 7–8, pp. 655–662, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110761.Search in Google Scholar

[16] H. E. Yalkin, B. M. Icten, and T. Alpyildiz, “Enhanced mechanical performance of foam core sandwich composites with through the thickness reinforced core,” Compos. B. Eng., vol. 79, pp. 383–391, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.04.055.Search in Google Scholar

[17] C. Atas and C. Sevim, “On the impact response of sandwich composites with cores of balsa wood and PVC foam,” Compos. Struct., vol. 93, pp. 40–48, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2010.06.018.Search in Google Scholar

[18] A. Ude, A. Ariffin, and C. Azhari, “Impact damage characteristics in reinforced woven natural silk/epoxy composite face-sheet and sandwich foam, coremat and honeycomb materials,” Int. J. Impact Eng., vol. 58, pp. 31–38, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2013.03.003.Search in Google Scholar

[19] D. Betts, P. Sadeghian, and A. Fam, “Experiments and nonlinear analysis of the impact behavior of sandwich panels constructed with flax fibre-reinforced polymer faces and foam cores,” J. Sandw. Struct. Mater., vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 3139–3163, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1177/1099636220925073.Search in Google Scholar

[20] F. Sarasini, J. Tirillò, L. Lampani et al.., “Impact behavior of sandwich structures made of flax/epoxy face sheets and agglomerated cork,” J. Nat. Fibers., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 68–188, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2018.1477084.Search in Google Scholar

[21] H. Güçlü, H. Kasım, İ. K. Türkoğlu, Y. Can, and M. Yazıcı, “Impact behavior of natural rubber based syntactic foam core sandwich structures,” Mater. Test., vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 1052–1057, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-0039.Search in Google Scholar

[22] F. Sarasini, J. Tirillò, L. Lampani et al.., “Static and dynamic characterization of agglomerated cork and related sandwich structures,” Compos. Struct., vol. 212, pp. 439–451, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.01.054.Search in Google Scholar

[23] F. Sarasini, J. Tirillò, L. Lampani, T. Valente, P. Gaudenzi, and C. Scarponi, “Dynamic response of green sandwich structures,” Procedia Eng., vol. 167, pp. 237–244, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.693.Search in Google Scholar

[24] J. Gustin, A. Joneson, and M. J. MahinfalahStone, “Low velocity impact of combination Kevlar/carbon fiber sandwich composites,” Compos. Struct., vol. 69, pp. 396–406, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2004.07.020.Search in Google Scholar

[25] F. Xia and X. Wu, “Work on low-velocity impact properties of foam sandwich composites with various face sheets,” J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., vol. 29, pp. 1045–1054, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684409102749.Search in Google Scholar

[26] A. Dogan and V. Arikan, “Low-velocity impact response of E-glass reinforced thermoset and thermoplastic based sandwich composites,” Compos. B. Eng., vol. 127, pp. 63–69, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.06.027.Search in Google Scholar

[27] C. Militello, F. Bongiorno, G. Epasto, B. Zuccarello, Low-velocity impact behaviour of green epoxy biocomposite laminates reinforced by sisal fibers, Compos. Struct., vol. 253, Art no. 112744, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112744.Search in Google Scholar

[28] M. Z. Hassan, S. M. Sapuan, Z. A. Rasid, A. F. M. Nor, R. Dolah, M. Y. M. Daud, Impact damage resistance and post-impact tolerance of optimum banana-pseudo-stem-fiber-reinforced epoxy sandwich structures, Appl. Sci., vol. 10, no. 2, Art no. 684, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/app10020684.Search in Google Scholar

[29] C. Santulli, F. Sarasini, J. Tirillò et al.., “Mechanical behaviour of jute cloth/wool felts hybrid laminates,” Mater. Des., vol. 50, pp. 309–321, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.02.079.Search in Google Scholar

[30] A. K. J. Al-Shamary, R. Karakuzu, H. Kandas, and O. Ozdemir, “An experimental investigation on impact behavior of glass/epoxy composite materials with the natural fiber layer,” Mater. Test., vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 780–786, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-2133.Search in Google Scholar

[31] R. Karakuzu, B. Algan, and M. E. Deniz, “Effects of specimen dimension and impact energy on energy absorption and damage of glass/epoxy composite plates,” Mater. Test., vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 231–238, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111309.Search in Google Scholar

[32] M. F. Ismail, M. T. H. Sultan, A. Hamdan, and A. U. M. Shah, “A study on the low velocity impact response of hybrid kenaf-kevlar composite laminates through drop test rig technique,” Bioresources, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 3045–3060, 2018, https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.2.3045-3060.Search in Google Scholar

[33] I. Fahmi, M. S. Abdulmajid, M. Afendi, E. A. Helmi, and M. J. A. Haameem, “Low-velocity impact responses of Napier fibre/polyester composites,” Int. J. Automot. Mech. Eng., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 3226–3237, 2016, https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.13.1.2016.9.0269.Search in Google Scholar

[34] Y. Wu and Y. Wan, “The low-velocity impact and compression after impact (CAI) behavior of foam core sandwich panels with shape memory alloy hybrid face-sheets,” Sci. Eng. Compos. Mater., vol. 26, pp. 517–530, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2019-0034.Search in Google Scholar

[35] S. Dietrich, J. Kuppinger, P. Elsner, and K. Weidenmann, “Small mass impact testing of sandwich structures,” Mater. Test., vol. 52, no. 11–12, pp. 765–770, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110184.Search in Google Scholar

[36] R. Karakuzu, E. Erbil, and M. Aktas, “Damage prediction in glass/epoxy laminates subjected to impact loading,” Indian J. Eng. Mater. Sci., vol. 17, pp. 186–198, 2010.Search in Google Scholar
Published Online: 2022-10-07
Published in Print: 2022-10-26

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. In situ corrosion fatigue life of 2198-T8 Al–Li alloy based on tests and DIC technique
  3. Characterisation of a wire arc additive manufactured 308L stainless steel cylindrical component
  4. Mechanical properties of a 7075-T6 aluminum alloy at elevated temperatures
  5. Low-velocity single and repeated impact behavior of 3D printed honeycomb cellular panels
  6. Fracture mechanical evaluation of the material HCT590X
  7. Effects of forging on the mechanical properties of B4Cp/Al composite with flaked Al and Al2O3 particles
  8. Homogenization effect on precipitation kinetics and mechanical properties of an extruded AA7050 alloy
  9. Low velocity impact response of sandwich composites with hybrid glass/natural fiber face-sheet and PET foam core
  10. Earing prediction of 2090-T3 aluminum-cups using a complete homogenous fourth-order polynomial yield function
  11. Imitation of human muscle by using an electromechanical system
  12. Reptile search algorithm and kriging surrogate model for structural design optimization with natural frequency constraints
  13. Online magnetic flux leakage detection of inclusions and inhomogeneities in cold rolled steel plate
  14. Characterization of hydrogen assisted corrosion cracking of a high strength aluminum alloy
  15. Influence of illuminance on indication detectability during visual testing
  16. Quality optimization of FDM-printed (fused deposition modeling) components based on differential scanning calorimetry
https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2022-0151
Keywords for this article
E-glass; jute fiber; low velocity impact; palm fiber; PET foam

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. In situ corrosion fatigue life of 2198-T8 Al–Li alloy based on tests and DIC technique
  3. Characterisation of a wire arc additive manufactured 308L stainless steel cylindrical component
  4. Mechanical properties of a 7075-T6 aluminum alloy at elevated temperatures
  5. Low-velocity single and repeated impact behavior of 3D printed honeycomb cellular panels
  6. Fracture mechanical evaluation of the material HCT590X
  7. Effects of forging on the mechanical properties of B4Cp/Al composite with flaked Al and Al2O3 particles
  8. Homogenization effect on precipitation kinetics and mechanical properties of an extruded AA7050 alloy
  9. Low velocity impact response of sandwich composites with hybrid glass/natural fiber face-sheet and PET foam core
  10. Earing prediction of 2090-T3 aluminum-cups using a complete homogenous fourth-order polynomial yield function
  11. Imitation of human muscle by using an electromechanical system
  12. Reptile search algorithm and kriging surrogate model for structural design optimization with natural frequency constraints
  13. Online magnetic flux leakage detection of inclusions and inhomogeneities in cold rolled steel plate
  14. Characterization of hydrogen assisted corrosion cracking of a high strength aluminum alloy
  15. Influence of illuminance on indication detectability during visual testing
  16. Quality optimization of FDM-printed (fused deposition modeling) components based on differential scanning calorimetry
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 29.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/mt-2022-0151/html?lang=en
Scroll to top button