Startseite Effects of raster angle in single- and multi-oriented layers for the production of polyetherimide (PEI/ULTEM 1010) parts with fused deposition modelling
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Effects of raster angle in single- and multi-oriented layers for the production of polyetherimide (PEI/ULTEM 1010) parts with fused deposition modelling

  • Musa Yilmaz

    Musa Yilmaz is currently a Ph.D. candidate at Mechanical Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey and also a lecturer at Gaziantep University. He received his MSc in Mechanical Engineering from Gaziantep University. His research interests include additive manufacturing and casting.

     ORCID logo EMAIL logo     und Necip Fazil Yilmaz

    Necip Fazil Yilmaz is currently a Professor at Mechanical Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey. He received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Gaziantep University in 1996. His research interests include manufacturing technology and material design.

     ORCID logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 4. November 2022
Veröffentlichen auch Sie bei De Gruyter Brill
Manuskript einreichen Informationen für Autor*innen
Materials Testing
Aus der Zeitschrift Materials Testing Band 64 Heft 11

Abstract

Material type and part deposition orientation are two important concerns in additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing methods utilized by the industry are generally based on polylactic acid (PLA) or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) materials using the fused deposition modelling (FDM) method. However, in present commercial applications, besides extensive use of PLA/ABS, their low strength has emerged as their biggest disadvantage. However, polyetherimide (PEI)/ULTEM 1010 parts represent high-performance engineering thermoplastics and offer superior mechanical properties with high thermal stability. On the other hand, selection of an appropriate raster angle orientation for single- and multi-oriented layers is also of considerable interest. A comprehensive study has been conducted herein on the building of a part using the FDM method using PEI/ULTEM 1010, and attempts have been made to identify the effects of raster angle in single- (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°) and multi-oriented (0/90°, 30°/−60°, 45°/−45°, 0°/90°/45°/−45°) layers. PEI specimens were manufactured via 3D printer, and the mechanical behaviour (tensile, bending and hardness) of the printed parts was correlated with their structures. Morphological properties of tensile fracture surface of 3D printed samples were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Analysis indicated that a 0° part deposition orientation offers optimal mechanical properties because of the bonding structure.

Keyword: additive manufacturing; fused deposition modelling; oriented layers; polyetherimide; raster angle
Corresponding author: Musa Yilmaz, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Gaziantep University, 27310, Gaziantep, Türkiye, E-mail:

Funding source: Scientific Research Projects Unit (BAPYB) of Gaziantep University

Award Identifier / Grant number: RM.16.01

About the authors

Musa Yilmaz

Musa Yilmaz is currently a Ph.D. candidate at Mechanical Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey and also a lecturer at Gaziantep University. He received his MSc in Mechanical Engineering from Gaziantep University. His research interests include additive manufacturing and casting.

Necip Fazil Yilmaz

Necip Fazil Yilmaz is currently a Professor at Mechanical Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey. He received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Gaziantep University in 1996. His research interests include manufacturing technology and material design.

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank the Ulug Bey High Technology Application and Research Centre (ULUTEM) in Gaziantep University for the support during the work.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: This work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Unit (BAPYB) of Gaziantep University (Project numbers: RM.16.01).

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

References

[1] Y. L. Yap, W. Toh, R. Koneru, et al.., “A non-destructive experimental-cum-numerical methodology for the characterization of 3D-printed materials-polycarbonate-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene,” Mech. Mater., vol. 132, pp. 121–133, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2019.03.005.Suche in Google Scholar

[2] S. R. Rajpurohit and H. K. Dave, “Flexural strength of fused filament fabricated PLA parts on an open-source 3D printer,” Adv. Manuf., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 430–441, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40436-018-0237-6.Suche in Google Scholar

[3] A. Haryńska, I. Carayon, P. Kosmela, et al.., “A comprehensive evaluation of flexible FDM/FFF 3D printing filament as a potential material in medical application,” Eur. Polym. J., vol. 138, p. 109958, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109958.Suche in Google Scholar

[4] J. C. Camargo, A. R. Machado, E. C. Almeida, and V. H. M. de Almeida, “Mechanical and electrical behavior of ABS polymer reinforced with graphene manufactured by the FDM process,” Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 119, pp. 1–15, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-08288-5.Suche in Google Scholar

[5] P. Tran, T. D. Ngo, A. Ghazlan, and D. Hui, “Bimaterial 3D printing and numerical analysis of bio-inspired composite structures under in-plane and transverse loadings,” Compos. B Eng., vol. 108, pp. 210–223, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.09.083.Suche in Google Scholar

[6] I. Hager, A. Golonka, and R. Putanowicz, “3D printing of buildings and building components as the future of sustainable construction,” Procedia Eng., vol. 151, no. 2016, pp. 292–299, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.357.Suche in Google Scholar

[7] I. Farina, F. Fabbrocino, G. Carpentieri, et al.., “On the reinforcement of cement mortars through 3D printed polymeric and metallic fibers,” Compos. B Eng., vol. 90, pp. 76–85, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.12.006.Suche in Google Scholar

[8] S. Bose, D. Ke, H. Sahasrabudhe, and A. Bandyopadhyay, “Additive manufacturing of biomaterials,” Prog. Mater. Sci., vol. 93, pp. 45–111, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.08.003.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[9] J. Chimento, M. J. Highsmith, and N. Crane, “3D printed tooling for thermoforming of medical devices,” Rapid Prototyp. J., vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 387–392, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1108/13552541111156513.Suche in Google Scholar

[10] Q. Sun, G. M. Rizvi, C. T. Bellehumeur, and P. Gu, “Effect of processing conditions on the bonding quality of FDM polymer filaments,” Rapid Prototyp. J., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 72–80, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1108/13552540810862028.Suche in Google Scholar

[11] U. Kalsoom, P. N. Nesterenko, and B. Paull, “Recent developments in 3D printable composite materials,” RSC Adv., vol. 6, no. 65, pp. 60355–60371, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA11334F.Suche in Google Scholar

[12] P. K. Gurralai and S. P. Regalla, “Part strength evolution with bonding between filaments in fused deposition modelling: this paper studies how coalescence of filaments contributes to the strength of final FDM part,” Virtual Phys. Prototyp., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 141–149, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2014.913400.Suche in Google Scholar

[13] O. A. Mohamed, S. H. Masood, and J. L. Bhowmik, “Optimization of fused deposition modeling process parameters for dimensional accuracy using I-optimality criterion,” Measurement, vol. 81, pp. 174–196, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2015.12.011.Suche in Google Scholar

[14] A. Gebhardt, Understanding Additive Manufacturing, Munich, Germany, Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH Co KG, 2011.10.3139/9783446431621Suche in Google Scholar

[15] O. A. Mohamed, S. H. Masood, J. L. Bhowmik, M. Nikzad, and J. Azadmanjiri, “Effect of process parameters on dynamic mechanical performance of FDM PC/ABS printed parts through design of experiment,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform., vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 2922–2935, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2157-6.Suche in Google Scholar

[16] H. Li, T. Wang, J. Sun, and Z. Yu, “The effect of process parameters in fused deposition modelling on bonding degree and mechanical properties,” Rapid Prototyp. J., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 80–92, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-06-2016-0090.Suche in Google Scholar

[17] B. Liu, L. Yang, R. Zhou, and B. Hong, “Effect of process parameters on mechanical properties of additive manufactured SMP structures based on FDM,” Mater. Test., vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 378–390, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-2122.Suche in Google Scholar

[18] K. Thrimurthulu, P. M. Pandey, and N. V. Reddy, “Optimum part deposition orientation in fused deposition modeling,” Int. J. Mach. Tool. Manufact., vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 585–594, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2003.12.004.Suche in Google Scholar

[19] G. Wu, N. A. Langrana, R. Sadanji, and S. Danforth, “Solid freeform fabrication of metal components using fused deposition of metals,” Mater. Des., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 97–105, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3069(01)00079-6.Suche in Google Scholar

[20] T. D. McLouth, J. V. Severino, P. M. Adams, D. N. Patel, and R. J. Zaldivar, “The impact of print orientation and raster pattern on fracture toughness in additively manufactured ABS,” Addit. Manuf., vol. 18, pp. 103–109, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2017.09.003.Suche in Google Scholar

[21] R. J. Zaldivar, T. D. McLouth, D. N. Patel, J. V. Severino, and H. I. Kim, “Strengthening of plasma treated 3D printed ABS through epoxy infiltration,” Prog. Addit. Manuf., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 193–200, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-017-0032-0.Suche in Google Scholar

[22] R. J. Zaldivar, T. D. Mclouth, G. L. Ferrelli, D. N. Patel, A. R. Hopkins, and D. Witkin, “Effect of initial filament moisture content on the microstructure and mechanical performance of ULTEM 9085 3D printed parts,” Addit. Manuf., vol. 24, pp. 457–466, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.10.022.Suche in Google Scholar

[23] I. M. Balashova, R. P. Danner, P. S. Puri, and J. L. Duda, “Solubility and diffusivity of solvents and nonsolvents in polysulfone and polyetherimide,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 40, no. 14, pp. 3058–3064, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie001074m.Suche in Google Scholar

[24] A. Marzola, E. Mussi, and F. Uccheddu, “3D printed materials for high temperature applications,” in International Conference on Design, Simulation, Manufacturing: The Innovation Exchange, 2019, pp. 936–947.10.1007/978-3-030-31154-4_80Suche in Google Scholar

[25] V. Kostopoulos, A. Kotrotsos, K. Fouriki, A. Kalarakis, and D. Portan, “Fabrication and characterization of polyetherimide electrospun scaffolds modified with graphene nano-platelets and hydroxyapatite nano-particles,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., vol. 21, no. 2, p. 583, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020583.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[26] F. Fischer, “ULTEM 1010 resin ULTEM 1010 resin,” in Technical Report, Israel, Stratasys. Available at: https://arti90.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Spec-Sheet-ULTEM-1010-EN-A4-1.pdf [accessed: Feb 01, 2022].Suche in Google Scholar

[27] F. Fischer, Thermoplastics: The Best Choice for 3D Printing, White Paper, Eden Prairie, MN, Stratasys Inc., 2011.Suche in Google Scholar

[28] J. M. Chacón, M. A. Caminero, E. García-Plaza, and P. J. Núñez, “Additive manufacturing of PLA structures using fused deposition modelling: effect of process parameters on mechanical properties and their optimal selection,” Mater. Des., vol. 124, pp. 143–157, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.03.065.Suche in Google Scholar

[29] G. Taylor, X. Wang, L. Mason, et al.., “Flexural behavior of additively manufactured Ultem 1010: experiment and simulation,” Rapid Prototyp. J., vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 1003–1011, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-02-2018-0037.Suche in Google Scholar

[30] K. P. Motaparti, “Effect of build parameters on mechanical properties of ultem 9085 parts by fused deposition modeling,” MSc dissertation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States, 2016.Suche in Google Scholar

[31] O. A. Mohamed, S. H. Masood, and J. L. Bhowmik, “Experimental investigation of time-dependent mechanical properties of PC-ABS prototypes processed by FDM additive manufacturing process,” Mater. Lett., vol. 193, pp. 58–62, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.01.104.Suche in Google Scholar

[32] M. Samykano, S. K. Selvamani, K. Kadirgama, W. K. Ngui, G. Kanagaraj, and K. Sudhakar, “Mechanical property of FDM printed ABS: influence of printing parameters,” Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 102, nos. 9–12, pp. 2779–2796, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03313-0.Suche in Google Scholar

[33] L. P. T. Huynh, H. A. Nguyen, H. Q. Nguyen, L. K. H. Phan, and T. T. Tran, “Effect of process parameters on mechanical strength of fabricated parts using the fused deposition modelling method,” J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng., vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 705–712, 2019, https://doi.org/10.7736/KSPE.2019.36.8.705.Suche in Google Scholar

[34] D. Yadav, D. Chhabra, R. K. Gupta, A. Phogat, and A. Ahlawat, “Modeling and analysis of significant process parameters of FDM 3D printer using ANFIS,” Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 21, pp. 1592–1604, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.227.Suche in Google Scholar

[35] H. Wu, M. Sulkis, J. Driver, A. Saade-Castillo, A. Thompson, and J. H. Koo, “Multi-functional ULTEMTM 1010 composite filaments for additive manufacturing using fused filament fabrication,” Addit. Manuf., vol. 24, pp. 298–306, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.10.014.Suche in Google Scholar

[36] L. Távara, V. Mantic, E. Graciani, J. Cañas, and F. París, “Analysis of a crack in a thin adhesive layer between orthotropic materials: an application to composite interlaminar fracture toughness test,” Comput. Model. Eng. Sci., vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 247–270, 2010.Suche in Google Scholar

[37] K. Abouzaid, S. Guessasma, S. Belhabib, D. Bassir, and A. Chouaf, “Printability of co-polyester using fused deposition modelling and related mechanical performance,” Eur. Polym. J., vol. 108, pp. 262–273, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.08.034.Suche in Google Scholar
Published Online: 2022-11-04
Published in Print: 2022-11-25

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Hydrothermal and cerium salt sealing of a 6061 aluminum alloy
  3. Effect of rotational speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of rotary friction welded AISI 1018/AISI 1020 asymmetrical joints
  4. Multiaxial fatigue behavior of a 2198-T8 Al–Li alloy under proportional and nonproportional loading
  5. Transferability of ANN-generated parameter sets from welding tracks to 3D-geometries in Directed Energy Deposition
  6. Measurement of the deformation and strain of AZ31B magnesium alloy under quasi-static complex loading
  7. Mechanical performance and weldability of HARDOX 450/AISI 430 grade joined by TIG double-sided arc welding
  8. Load-carrying capacity of hot-pressed thermoplastic composite joints
  9. Minimization of release bearing load loss in a clutch system for high-speed rotations using the differential evolution algorithm
  10. Effect of heat treatment on the properties of plasma arc welded TRIP800 steel
  11. Microstructure of a chrome-boriding of induction hardened DIN Ck 45 steel
  12. Effects of raster angle in single- and multi-oriented layers for the production of polyetherimide (PEI/ULTEM 1010) parts with fused deposition modelling
  13. Mechanical properties of quenched and tempered steel welds
  14. Effect of cross-head speed on mechanical properties of photosensitive resins used in three-dimensional printing of a stereolithographic elastomer
  15. Optimization of spur gear pairs for aerospace applications
https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2022-0085
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
additive manufacturing; fused deposition modelling; oriented layers; polyetherimide; raster angle

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Hydrothermal and cerium salt sealing of a 6061 aluminum alloy
  3. Effect of rotational speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of rotary friction welded AISI 1018/AISI 1020 asymmetrical joints
  4. Multiaxial fatigue behavior of a 2198-T8 Al–Li alloy under proportional and nonproportional loading
  5. Transferability of ANN-generated parameter sets from welding tracks to 3D-geometries in Directed Energy Deposition
  6. Measurement of the deformation and strain of AZ31B magnesium alloy under quasi-static complex loading
  7. Mechanical performance and weldability of HARDOX 450/AISI 430 grade joined by TIG double-sided arc welding
  8. Load-carrying capacity of hot-pressed thermoplastic composite joints
  9. Minimization of release bearing load loss in a clutch system for high-speed rotations using the differential evolution algorithm
  10. Effect of heat treatment on the properties of plasma arc welded TRIP800 steel
  11. Microstructure of a chrome-boriding of induction hardened DIN Ck 45 steel
  12. Effects of raster angle in single- and multi-oriented layers for the production of polyetherimide (PEI/ULTEM 1010) parts with fused deposition modelling
  13. Mechanical properties of quenched and tempered steel welds
  14. Effect of cross-head speed on mechanical properties of photosensitive resins used in three-dimensional printing of a stereolithographic elastomer
  15. Optimization of spur gear pairs for aerospace applications
Jetzt anmelden und 20% sparen
Institutioneller Zugang
Wie funktioniert Authentifizierung?
Haben Sie eine Idee, wie wir unsere Website verbessern können?
Bitte schreiben Sie uns.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Heruntergeladen am 30.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/mt-2022-0085/html?lang=de
Button zum nach oben scrollen