Home Effects of mixed acid solution on bromide epoxy vinyl ester and its glass fiber reinforced composites
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Effects of mixed acid solution on bromide epoxy vinyl ester and its glass fiber reinforced composites

  • Lingli Huang

    Lingli Huang, born in 1996, is a Master’s Student at the East China University of Science and Technology. She is mainly engaged in the study of the durability and degradation mechanism of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP).

         , Ruigang Hou

    Ruigang Hou, born in 1960, is a Professor at the East China University of Science and Technology. He is mainly engaged in the development and engineering application of novel anti-corrosive materials.

     EMAIL logo     , Yujian Liu

    Yujian Liu, born in 1964, is a Professor at the East China University of Science and Technology. He is mainly engaged in the research and application of advanced composite resin matrix for high state.

         and Qidong Shang

    Qidong Shang, born in 1995, received his Master’s degree at the East China University of Science and Technology. He is mainly engaged in the study of durability of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP).
Published/Copyright: March 31, 2021
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Materials Testing
From the journal Materials Testing Volume 63 Issue 3

Abstract

As fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) have been increasingly widely used, they may sometimes come into contact with several corrosive media simultaneously, for example, the condensate in the smokestack liners of coal-fired power FGD systems. To study the long-term performance and degradation mechanism of FRP in these complicated environments, an accelerated aging test of bromide epoxy vinyl ester (Br-VE) and its glass fiber reinforced composites (GF/VE) in a mixed acid solution(H2SO4, HNO3, HF and HCl) at three different temperatures(25, 55 and 80 °C) for 180 days was carried out. Weight changes, flexural properties, Fourier transforming infrared spectra (FTIR), dynamic thermal mechanical (DMA), macroscopic and microscopic morphology were investigated. Results showed that immersion temperature has important effects on the corrosion behavior of specimens. The long-term weight change behavior of GF/VE at normal temperature was in accordance with Fick’s second law, but deviated at higher temperature. Flexural properties of GF/VE declined more drastically than those of Br-VE at elevated temperatures. The Tg of GF/VE decreased with rising temperatures. Results also indicted that Br-VE and GF/VE manifested varied degradation mechanisms when subject to the same mixed acid medium immersion. The degradation of GF/VE mainly involved plasticization, embrittlement, the hydrolysis of resin, an ion exchange between HF, H+ and Si-O-Si or alkali metal of the fiber as well as the debonding of the resin/fiber interface.

Keywords: Fiber reinforced plastics; mixed acid medium; accelerated aging test; long-term performance; corrosion degradation mechanism
Prof. Dr. Ruigang Hou East China University of Science and Technology NO.130 Meilong Rd Xuhui District, Shanghai, P. R. China

About the authors

Lingli Huang

Lingli Huang, born in 1996, is a Master’s Student at the East China University of Science and Technology. She is mainly engaged in the study of the durability and degradation mechanism of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP).

Prof. Dr. Ruigang Hou

Ruigang Hou, born in 1960, is a Professor at the East China University of Science and Technology. He is mainly engaged in the development and engineering application of novel anti-corrosive materials.

Yujian Liu

Yujian Liu, born in 1964, is a Professor at the East China University of Science and Technology. He is mainly engaged in the research and application of advanced composite resin matrix for high state.

Qidong Shang

Qidong Shang, born in 1995, received his Master’s degree at the East China University of Science and Technology. He is mainly engaged in the study of durability of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP).

References

1 P. Feng, J. Wang, Y. Wang, D. Loughery, D. Niu: Effects of corrosive environments on properties of pultruded GFRP plates, Composites Part B: Engineering 67 (2014), pp. 427-433 DOI:10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.08.02110.1016/j.compositesb.2014.08.021Search in Google Scholar

2 M. H. Banna, J. Shirokoff, J. Molgaard: Effects of two aqueous acidic solutions on polyester and bisphenol A epoxy vinyl ester resins, Materials Science and Engineering A 528 (2010), No. 4-5, pp. 2137-2142 DOI:10.1016/j.msea.2010.11.04910.1016/j.msea.2010.11.049Search in Google Scholar

3 N. Ţăranu, V. Munteanu, I. Enţuc, G. Oprişan: Application of modern polymeric composite materials in industrial construction, Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Jassy LVI (2010), No. Lx, pp. 121-130 DOI:10.1007/s10704-009-9422-810.1007/s10704-009-9422-8Search in Google Scholar

4 A. Miszczyk, K. Darowicki: Reliability of flue gas desulphurisation installations – The essential condition of efficient air pollution control, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 11 (2002), pp. 205-209 DOI:10.1016/S0738-3991(01)00151-310.1016/S0738-3991(01)00151-3Search in Google Scholar

5 Z. Wang, D. Mei, W. Zhang, E. Han, Y. Wang: A comparative study on several anti-corrosion materials for power FGD system, Engineering 03 (2011), No. 6, pp. 653-658 DOI:10.4236/eng.2011.3607810.4236/eng.2011.36078Search in Google Scholar

6 L. R. Xu, A. Krishnan, H. B. Ning, U. Vaidya: A seawater tank approach to evaluate the dynamic failure and durability of E-glass/vinyl ester marine composites, Composites Part B: Engineering 43 (2012), No. 5, pp. 2480-2486 DOI:10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.08.03910.1016/j.compositesb.2011.08.039Search in Google Scholar

7 A. M. Amaro, P. N. B. Reis, M. A. Neto, C. Louro: Effects of alkaline and acid solutions on glass/ epoxy composites, Polymer Degradation and Stability 98 (2013), No. 4, pp. 853-862 DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.12.02910.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.12.029Search in Google Scholar

8 M. K. Mahmoud, S. H. Tantawi: Effect of strong acids on mechanical properties of glass/ polyester grp pipe at normal and high temperatures, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 42 (2003), No. 4, pp. 677-688 DOI:10.1081/PPT-12002310210.1081/PPT-120023102Search in Google Scholar

9 M. Bazli, H. Ashrafi, A. V. Oskouei: Effect of harsh environments on mechanical properties of GFRP pultruded profiles, Composites Part B: Engineering 99 (2016), pp. 203-215 DOI:10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.06.01910.1016/j.compositesb.2016.06.019Search in Google Scholar

10 Y. Li, Y. Yu, X. Jia, S. Duan, X. Yang: Ion-leaching behaviors and corrosion morphology of glass fiber reinforced vinyl ester composites in sulfuric acid solution, Polymer Composites 32 (2011) No. 12, pp. 1953-1960 DOI:10.1002/pc.2122510.1002/pc.21225Search in Google Scholar

11 H. Y. Kim, Y. H. Park, Y. J. You, C. K. Moon: Durability of GFRP composite exposed to various environmental conditions, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 10 (2006), No. 4, pp. 291-295 DOI:10.1007/BF0283078310.1007/BF02830783Search in Google Scholar

12 A. Miszczyk, K. Darowicki: Effect of environmental temperature variations on protective properties of organic coatings, Progress in Organic Coatings 46 (2003), No. 1, pp. 49-54 DOI:10.1016/S0300-9440(02)00188-110.1016/S0300-9440(02)00188-1Search in Google Scholar

13 N. Guermazi, A. B. Tarjem, I. Ksouri, H. F. Ayedi: On the durability of FRP composites for aircraft structures in hygrothermal conditioning, Composites Part B: Engineering 85 (2013), pp. 294-304 DOI:10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.09.03510.1016/j.compositesb.2015.09.035Search in Google Scholar

14 N. Guermazi, N. Haddar, K. Elleuch, H. F. Ayedi: Investigations on the fabrication and the characterization of glass/epoxy, carbon/epoxy and hybrid composites used in the reinforcement and the repair of aeronautic structures, Materials & Design 56 (2014), No. 56, pp. 714-724 DOI:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.11.04310.1016/j.matdes.2013.11.043Search in Google Scholar

15 P. Mertiny, Ellyin.F: Joining of fiber-reinforced polymer tubes for high-pressure applications, Polymer Composites 27 (2010), No. 1, pp. 99-109 DOI:10.1002/pc.2016710.1002/pc.20167Search in Google Scholar

16 Y. Miyano, M. Nakada: Accelerated testing for long-term durability of FRP laminates for marine use, Journal of Composite Materials 39 (2005), No. 1, pp. 5-20 DOI:10.1177/002199830504643010.1177/0021998305046430Search in Google Scholar

17 Y. J. Weitsman, M. Elahi: Effects of fluids on the deformation, strength and durability of polymeric composites – an overview, Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials 4 (2000), No. 2, pp. 107-126 DOI:10.1023/A:100983812852610.1023/A:1009838128526Search in Google Scholar

18 L. Gautier, B. Mortaigne, V. Bellenger: Interface damage study of hydrothermally aged glass-fibre-reinforced polyester composites, Composites Science & Technology 59 (1999), No. 16, pp. 2329-2337 DOI:10.1016/S0266-3538(99)00085-810.1016/S0266-3538(99)00085-8Search in Google Scholar

19 S. P. Sonawala, R. J. Spontak: Degradation kinetics of glass-reinforced polyesters in chemical environments. Journal of Materials Science 31 (1996), No. 18, pp. 4745-4756 DOI:10.1007/BF0035585710.1007/BF00355857Search in Google Scholar

20 J. W. Chin, K. Aouadi, M. R. Haight, W. L. Hughes, T. Nguyen: Effects of water, salt solution and simulated concrete pore solution on the properties of composite matrix resins used in civil engineering applications, Polymer Composites 22 (2001), No. 2, pp. 282-297 DOI:10.1002/pc.1053810.1002/pc.10538Search in Google Scholar

21 A. Apicella, C. Migliaresi, L. Nicodemo, L. Nicolais, L. Iaccarino, S. Roccotelli: Water sorption and mechanical properties of a glass-reinforced polyester resin, Composites 13 (1982), No. 4, pp. 406-410 DOI:10.1016/0010-4361(82)90151-310.1016/0010-4361(82)90151-3Search in Google Scholar

22 K. W. Thomson, T. Wong, L. J. Broutman: The plas-ticization of an epoxy resin by dibutylphthalate and water, Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), No. 16, pp. 1270-1276 DOI:10.1002/pen.76024161010.1002/pen.760241610Search in Google Scholar
Published Online: 2021-03-31

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Corrosion testing
  3. Effects of mixed acid solution on bromide epoxy vinyl ester and its glass fiber reinforced composites
  4. Stress corrosion and mechanical properties of zinc coating on 304 stainless steel
  5. Mechanical testing
  6. Eliminating plasticity effects in the measurement of residual stress by using the hole-drilling method
  7. Fatigue testing
  8. Effect of the galvanization process on the fatigue life of high strength steel compression springs
  9. Materials testing for welding and additive manufacturing applications
  10. Wear behavior and microstructure of Fe-C-Si-Cr-B-Ni hardfacing alloys
  11. Analysis of physical and chemical properties
  12. Structural hydroxyl distribution in jadeite grains and the diagenesis mechanism of jadeitite in Myanmar, Guatemala and Russia
  13. Production-oriented testing
  14. Comparison of processing parameter effects during magnetron sputtering and electrochemical anodization of TiO2 nanotubes on ITO/glass and glass substrates
  15. Mechanical Testing
  16. Effect of hydrothermal aging on the mechanical properties of nanocomposite pipes
  17. Wear Testing
  18. Investigation of the friction behavior of plasma spray Mo/NiCrBSi coated brake discs
  19. Component-Oriented Testing and Simulation
  20. Comparative investigation of the moth-flame algorithm and whale optimization algorithm for optimal spur gear design
  21. Fatigue Testing
  22. Development and application of load profiles for thermal qualification testing of receptacle automotive connectors
  23. Analysis of physical and chemical properties
  24. Structural and optical properties of pure ZnO and Al/Cu co-doped ZnO semiconductor thin films and electrical characterization of photodiodes
  25. Mechanical testing/Chemical resistance testing
  26. Effect of using different chemically modified breadfruit peel fiber in the reinforcement of LDPE composite
  27. Component-oriented testing and simulation
  28. Hybrid spotted hyena–Nelder-Mead optimization algorithm for selection of optimal machining parameters in grinding operations
https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2020-0031
Keywords for this article
Fiber reinforced plastics; mixed acid medium; accelerated aging test; long-term performance; corrosion degradation mechanism

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Corrosion testing
  3. Effects of mixed acid solution on bromide epoxy vinyl ester and its glass fiber reinforced composites
  4. Stress corrosion and mechanical properties of zinc coating on 304 stainless steel
  5. Mechanical testing
  6. Eliminating plasticity effects in the measurement of residual stress by using the hole-drilling method
  7. Fatigue testing
  8. Effect of the galvanization process on the fatigue life of high strength steel compression springs
  9. Materials testing for welding and additive manufacturing applications
  10. Wear behavior and microstructure of Fe-C-Si-Cr-B-Ni hardfacing alloys
  11. Analysis of physical and chemical properties
  12. Structural hydroxyl distribution in jadeite grains and the diagenesis mechanism of jadeitite in Myanmar, Guatemala and Russia
  13. Production-oriented testing
  14. Comparison of processing parameter effects during magnetron sputtering and electrochemical anodization of TiO2 nanotubes on ITO/glass and glass substrates
  15. Mechanical Testing
  16. Effect of hydrothermal aging on the mechanical properties of nanocomposite pipes
  17. Wear Testing
  18. Investigation of the friction behavior of plasma spray Mo/NiCrBSi coated brake discs
  19. Component-Oriented Testing and Simulation
  20. Comparative investigation of the moth-flame algorithm and whale optimization algorithm for optimal spur gear design
  21. Fatigue Testing
  22. Development and application of load profiles for thermal qualification testing of receptacle automotive connectors
  23. Analysis of physical and chemical properties
  24. Structural and optical properties of pure ZnO and Al/Cu co-doped ZnO semiconductor thin films and electrical characterization of photodiodes
  25. Mechanical testing/Chemical resistance testing
  26. Effect of using different chemically modified breadfruit peel fiber in the reinforcement of LDPE composite
  27. Component-oriented testing and simulation
  28. Hybrid spotted hyena–Nelder-Mead optimization algorithm for selection of optimal machining parameters in grinding operations
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 29.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/mt-2020-0031/html?lang=en
Scroll to top button