Home Latrine ecology of a solitary ungulate, the Japanese serow: female–male communication site rather than territorial marking?
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Latrine ecology of a solitary ungulate, the Japanese serow: female–male communication site rather than territorial marking?

  • Hayato Takada ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Haruko Watanabe , Risako Yano and Hideharu Tsukada ORCID logo
Published/Copyright: April 7, 2025
Mammalia
From the journal Mammalia Volume 89 Issue 4

Abstract

The functions of latrines have been well studied in gregarious or pair-living territorial ungulates, however, there are no field-based studies on latrine behaviour of solitary ungulates with monogamous pair territories. We investigated latrine behaviour of the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus), a solitary and monogamous species. The spatial patterns of latrines did not coincide with the serows’ home range boundaries, and individuals of the same sex did not defecate at the same latrine (i.e., there was no countermarking), which suggests that latrines may not function as territorial marking. During the late-mating season, when males and females tend to live separately, the number of latrine visits by females increased and the probability of defecating was significantly higher, suggesting that females are the signallers, informing their oestrus status to males. Moreover, males also frequently visited the latrines, and latrine sniffing and overmarking were observed only during the late-mating season, suggesting that males may receive information about oestrus from the females’ faeces. Obtaining information on female oestrus directly is difficult for solitary species in which sexes live separately. Although future studies would be required to confirm this hypothesis, our study suggests that latrines may have evolved as female-to-male communication sites in the Japanese serow.

Keywords: Capricornis crispus ; olfactory communication; latrine; scent marking; intersexual communication; oestrus advertisement
Corresponding author: Hayato Takada, Wildlife Management Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; and Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan, E-mail:

Funding source: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Award Identifier / Grant number: JP 23KK0277

Award Identifier / Grant number: JP22K14909

Acknowledgments

We thank Riki Ohuchi, Tomoki Nakagawa, Risako Miyaoka, Ayumi Katsumata, and Nozomu Ogawa for their help with the fieldwork. Fieldwork was facilitated by the non-profit organization Earthworm, and Masato Minami, Yuko Fukue, and other staff members helped with the fieldwork. Tsuyoshi Takeshita and staff at the Asama-Sanso Inn also facilitated the research for our field study. We thank Clio Reid, PhD, from Edanz (https://jp.edanz.com/ac) for editing a draft of this manuscript. We are grateful to anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions on previous drafts of the manuscript.

  1. Research ethics: All investigations were performed in accordance with the Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments, Mount Fuji Research Institute, Yamanashi Prefecture Government (ECAE-01-2013-2019). The study complies with current Japanese laws and adheres to the Mammal Society of Japan guidelines regarding animal welfare.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: HT contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and analysis were performed by HW and HT. Data collection was performed by HW, RY, and HT. The first draft of the manuscript was written by HT, and all co-authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: This study was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI (grant nos. JP22K14909, JP23KK0277).

  7. Data availability: All data analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its Supplementary Material files).

References

Baba, M., Doi, T., Kawano, J., and Shimizu, T. (1997). Utilization pattern of latrines in Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus. Bull. Kitakyushu Mus. Nat. Hist. Hum. Hist. 16: 105–111 (in Japanese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., and Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Softw. 67: 1–48, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01.Search in Google Scholar

Black-Décima, P. (2000). Home range, social structure, and scent marking behavior in brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) in a large enclosure. Mastozool. Neotrop. 7: 5–14.Search in Google Scholar

Black-Decima, P. and Santana, M. (2011). Olfactory communication and counter-marking in brown brocket deer Mazama gouazoubira. Acta Theriol. 56: 179–187, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-010-0017-6.Search in Google Scholar

Blank, D., Ruckstuhl, K., and Yang, W. (2015). The economics of scent marking with urine and feces in goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa). Mamm. Res. 60: 51–60, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-014-0201-1.Search in Google Scholar

Bowyer, R.T., McCullough, D.R., Rachlow, J.L., Ciuti, S., and Whiting, J.C. (2020). Evolution of ungulate mating systems: integrating social and environmental factors. Ecol. Evol. 10: 5160–5178, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6246.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Brashares, J.S. and Arcese, P. (1999). Scent marking in a territorial African antelope: II. The economics of marking with faeces. Anim. Behav. 57: 11–17, https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.0942.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Brown, R.E. and MacDonald, D.W. (1985). Social odours in mammals. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.Search in Google Scholar

Corlatti, L. and Lovari, S. (2023). Mountain ungulate mating systems: patterns and processes. Mamm. Rev. 53: 206–222, https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12319.Search in Google Scholar

deCatanzaro, D. (2015). Sex steroids as pheromones in mammals: the exceptional role of estradiol. Horm. Behav. 68: 103–116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.08.003.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Dröscher, I. and Kappeler, P.M. (2014). Maintenance of familiarity and social bonding via communal latrine use in a solitary primate (Lepilemur leucopus). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 68: 2043–2058, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-014-1810-z.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Dubost, G. and Feer, F. (1981). The behavior of the male Antilope cervicapra L., its development according to age and social rank. Behaviour 76: 62–125, https://doi.org/10.1163/156853981X00031.Search in Google Scholar

Eppley, T.M., Ganzhorn, J.U., and Donati, G. (2016). Latrine behaviour as a multimodal communicatory signal station in wild lemurs: the case of Hapalemur meridionalis. Anim. Behav. 111: 57–67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.10.012.Search in Google Scholar

Estes, R.D. (1974). Social organization of the African Bovidae. In: Geist, V. and Walther, F. (Eds.), The behaviour of ungulates and its relation to management. IUCN publication new series 24. IUCN, Morges, pp. 166–205.Search in Google Scholar

Estes, R.D. (1991). The behavior guide to African mammals. University of California Press, California.Search in Google Scholar

Fox, J. and Weisberg, S. (2011). An {R} companion to applied regression, 2nd ed. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, Available at: http://socserv.socsci.mcmaster.ca/jfox/Books/Companion.Search in Google Scholar

Franklin, W.L. (1974). The social behavior of the vicuna. In: Geist, V. and Walther, F. (Eds.), The behaviour of ungulates and its relation to management. IUCN publication new series 24. IUCN, Morges, pp. 477–487.Search in Google Scholar

Geist, V. (1974). On the relationship of social evolution and ecology in ungulates. Am. Zool. 14: 205–220, https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/14.1.205.Search in Google Scholar

Geist, V. (1987). On the evolution of the Caprinae. In: Soma, H. (Ed.), The biology and management of Capricornis and related mountain antelopes. Croom Helm, London, pp. 3–40.10.1007/978-94-011-8030-6_1Search in Google Scholar

Giotto, N., Laurent, A., Mohamed, N., Prevot, N., and Gerard, J.F. (2008). Observations on the behaviour and ecology of a threatened and poorly known dwarf antelope: the beira (Dorcatragus megalotis). Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 54: 539–547, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-008-0177-8.Search in Google Scholar

Gorman, M.L. (1984). Scent marking and territoriality. Acta Zool. Fenn. 171: 49–53.Search in Google Scholar

Gosling, L.M. (1974). The social behaviour of Coke’s hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus cokei). In: Geist, V. and Walther, F. (Eds.), The behaviour of ungulates and its relation to management. IUCN publication new series 24. IUCN, Morges, pp. 485–511.Search in Google Scholar

Gosling, L.M. (1981). Demarkation in a gerenuk territory: an economic approach. Z. Tierpsychol. 56: 305–322, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1981.tb01304.x.Search in Google Scholar

Gosling, L.M. (1982). A reassessment of the function of scent marking in territories. Z. Tierpsychol. 60: 89–118, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1982.tb00492.x.Search in Google Scholar

Gosling, L.M. (1985). The even-toed ungulates: order Artiodactyla. Sources, behavioural context, and function of chemical signals. In: Brown, R.E. and MacDonald, D.W. (Eds.), Social odours in mammals, Vol. 2. Clarendon, Oxford, pp. 550–618.Search in Google Scholar

Gosling, L.M. (1987). Scent marking in an antelope lek territory. Anim. Behav. 35: 620–622, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(87)80298-1.Search in Google Scholar

Gosling, L.M. (1990). Scent marking by resource holder: alternative mechanisms for advertising the costs of competition. In: MacDonald, D., Müller-Scharze, D., and Natynczuk, S.E. (Eds.), Chemical signals in vertebrates, Vol. 5. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, pp. 315–328.Search in Google Scholar

Gosling, L.M. and Roberts, S.C. (2001). Scent-marking by male mammals: cheat-proof signals to competitors and mates. Adv. Study Behav. 30: 169–217, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-3454(01)80007-3.Search in Google Scholar

Haneda, K., Kira, T., Yoda, K., Muya, A., and Hashido, K. (1979). Report of ecological study of the Japanese serow. Nagano Prefecture Regional Forest Office, Nagano, p. 217 (in Japanese).Search in Google Scholar

Hartig, F. (2020). DHARMa: residual diagnostics for hierarchical (multi-level/mixed) regression models. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Available at: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=DHARMa (Accessed 27 March 2025).Search in Google Scholar

Hendrichs, H. (1975). Changes in a population of dikdik, Madoqua (Rhynchotragus) kirki (Günther 1880). Z. Tierpsychol. 38: 55–69, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1975.tb01992.x.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Hendrichs, H. and Hendrichs, U. (1971). Freilanduntersuchungen zur Ökologie und Ethologie der Zwerg-Antilope Madoqua (Rhynchotragus) kirki (Günther, 1880). In: Hendrichs, H. and Hendrichs, U. (Eds.), Dikdik und Elefanten. Piper, Munich, pp. 9–75.Search in Google Scholar

Ito, T. (1971). On the oestrous cycle and gestation period of the Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus. J. Mammal. Soc. Jpn. 5: 104–108 (in Japanese with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.11238/jmammsocjapan1952.5.104.Search in Google Scholar

Jarman, P.J. (1974). The social organisation of antelope in relation to their ecology. Behaviour 48: 215–267, https://doi.org/10.1163/156853974X00345.Search in Google Scholar

Jordan, N.R., Cherry, M.I., and Manser, M.B. (2007). Latrine distribution and patterns of use by wild meerkats: implications for territory and mate defence. Anim. Behav. 73: 613–622, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.06.010.Search in Google Scholar

Kimura, R. (2000). Relationship of the type of social organization to scent-marking and mutual-grooming behaviour in Grevy’s (Equus grevyi) and Grant’s zebras (Equus burchelli bohmi). J. Equine Sci. 11: 91–98, https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.11.91.Search in Google Scholar

King, S.R.B. and Gurnell, J. (2007). Scent-marking behaviour by stallions: an assessment of function in a reintroduced population of Przewalski horses (Equus ferus przewalskii). J. Zool. 272: 30–36, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00243.x.Search in Google Scholar

Kishimoto, R. (1989). Social organization of a solitary ungulate, Japanese serow Capricornis crispus. Dissertation, Osaka City University.Search in Google Scholar

Kishimoto, R. and Kawamichi, T. (1996). Territoriality and monogamous pairs in a solitary ungulate, the Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus. Anim. Behav. 52: 673–682, https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1996.0212.Search in Google Scholar

Kita, I., Sugimura, M., Suzuki, Y., Tiba, T., and Miura, S. (1987). Reproduction of female Japanese serow based on the morphology of ovaries and fetuses. In: Soma, H. (Ed.), The biology and management of Capricornis and related mountain antelopes. Croom Helm, London, pp. 321–331.10.1007/978-94-011-8030-6_28Search in Google Scholar

Lewis, R.J. (2005). Sex differences in scent-marking in sifaka: mating conflict or male services? Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 128: 389–398, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-3454(01)80007-3.Search in Google Scholar

Liberles, S.D. (2014). Mammalian pheromones. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 76: 151–175, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021113-170334.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Lovari, S. and Apollonio, M. (1994). On the rutting behaviour of the Himalayan goral Nemorhaedus goral (Hardwicke, 1825). J. Ethol. 12: 25–34, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02350077.Search in Google Scholar

Lovari, S., Mori, E., and Procaccio, E.L. (2020). On the behavioural biology of the mainland serow: a comparative study. Animals 10: 1669, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10091669.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Lukas, D. and Clutton-Brock, T.H. (2013). The evolution of social monogamy in mammals. Science 341: 526–530, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1238677.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Marneweck, C., Jürgens, A., and Shrader, A.M. (2017). Dung odours signal sex, age, territorial and oestrous state in white rhinos. Proc. R. Soc. B 284: 1846, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2376.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Moodie, J.D. and Byers, J.A. (1989). The function of scent marking by males on female urine in pronghorns. J. Mammal. 70: 812–814, https://doi.org/10.2307/1381716.Search in Google Scholar

Ochiai, K. (1983). Territorial behavior of the Japanese serow in Kusoudomari, Wakinosawa village. Mamm. Sci. 9: 253–259, https://doi.org/10.11238/jmammsocjapan1952.9.253.Search in Google Scholar

Ochiai, K. (2015). Capricornis crispus (Temminck, 1836). In: Ohdachi, S.D., Ishibashi, Y., Iwasa, M.A., Fukui, D., and Saitoh, T. (Eds.), The wild mammals of Japan, 2nd ed. Shoukadoh Book Sellers and the Mammalogical Society of Japan, Kyoto, pp. 314–317.Search in Google Scholar

Ochiai, K. and Susaki, K. (2002). Effects of territoriality on population density in the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus). J. Mammal. 83: 964–972, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0964:EOTOPD>2.0.CO;2.10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0964:EOTOPD>2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

Ono, Y., Doi, T., Ikeda, H., Baba, M., Takeishi, M., Izawa, M., and Iwamoto, T.I. (1988). Territoriality of Guenther’s dikdik in the Omo National Park, Ethiopia. Afr. J. Ecol. 26: 33–49, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1988.tb01126.x.Search in Google Scholar

Ovaska, K. and Davis, T.M. (1992). Faecal pellets as burrow markers: intra- and interspecific odour recognition by western plethodontid salamanders. Anim. Behav. 43: 931–939, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(06)80006-0.Search in Google Scholar

Pigozzi, G. (1990). Latrine use and the function of territoriality in the European badger, Meles meles, in a Mediterranean coastal habitat. Anim. Behav. 39: 1000–1002, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80972-8.Search in Google Scholar

Pluháček, J., Tučková, V., Šárová, R., and King, S.R. (2020). Effect of social organisation on interspecific differences in overmarking behaviour of foals in African equids. Anim. Cogn. 23: 131–140, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-019-01323-9.Search in Google Scholar

R Core Team. (2019). R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Avahttps://www.R-project.org/.Search in Google Scholar

Roberts, S.C. and Lowen, C. (1997). Optimal patterns of scent marks in klipspringer (Oreotragus oreotragus) territories. J. Zool. 243: 565–578, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1997.tb02802.x.Search in Google Scholar

Rodgers, T.W., Giacalone, J., Heske, E.J., Pawlikowski, N.C., and Schooley, R.L. (2015). Communal latrines act as potentially important communication centers in ocelots Leopardus pardalis. Mamm. Biol. 80: 380–384, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2015.05.004.Search in Google Scholar

Singh, P.B., Shrestha, B.B., Thapa, A., Saud, P., and Jiang, Z. (2018). Selection of latrine sites by Himalayan musk deer (Moschus leucogaster) in Neshyang Valley, Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 46: 920–926, https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2018.1430578.Search in Google Scholar

Smith, J.L.D., McDougal, C., and Miquelle, D. (1989). Scent marking in free ranging tigers, Panthera tigris. Anim. Behav. 37: 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(89)90001-8.Search in Google Scholar

Sugimura, M., Suzuki, Y., Kita, I., Ide, Y., Kodera, S., and Yoshizawa, M. (1983). Prenatal development of Japanese serows, Capricornis crispus, and reproduction in females. J. Mammal. 64: 302–304, https://doi.org/10.2307/1380561.Search in Google Scholar

Sun, L., Xiao, B., and Dai, N. (1994). Scent marking behaviour in the male Chinese water deer. Acta Theriol. 39: 177–184, https://doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.94-20.Search in Google Scholar

Takada, H. (2018). Behavioral ecology of a solitary ungulate, Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) at Mt. Asama, central Japan. PhD thesis. Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, Sagamihara.Search in Google Scholar

Takada, H. and Minami, M. (2019). Do differences in ecological conditions influence grouping behaviour in a solitary ungulate, the Japanese serow? Behaviour 156: 245–264, https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-00003540.Search in Google Scholar

Takada, H. and Minami, M. (2021). Open habitats promote female group formation in a solitary ungulate: the Japanese serow. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 75: 60, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-021-02999-1.Search in Google Scholar

Takada, H. and Minami, M. (2022). A preliminary study on habitat selection of the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) at two temporal scales, season and time of day, in a montane forest. J. Ethol. 40: 91–95, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10164-021-00727-w.Search in Google Scholar

Takada, H., Nakamura, K., Takatsuki, S., and Minami, M. (2018). Freezing behavior of the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) in relation to habitat and group size. Mamm. Res. 63: 107–112, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-017-0338-9.Search in Google Scholar

Takada, H., Nakamura, K., and Minami, M. (2019). Effects of the physical and social environment on flight response and habitat use in a solitary ungulate, the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus). Behav. Process. 158: 228–233, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2018.10.018.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Takada, H., Nakamura, K., Watanabe, H., and Minami, M. (2020). Spatial organization and mating behavior of the Japanese serow under a low population density. Mammalia 84: 219–226, https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2019-0045.Search in Google Scholar

Takada, H., Washida, A., Yano, R., Tezuka, N., and Minami, M. (2023). Evolution from monogamy to polygyny: insights from the solitary Japanese serow. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 77: 28, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-023-03304-y.Search in Google Scholar

Uno, K., Sugimura, M., Suzuki, Y., and Atoji, Y. (1984). Morphological study on vagina, vestibule and external genitalia of Japanese serows. Res. Bull. Facul. College Agri. Gifu Univ. 49: 183–195 (in Japanese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Walther, F.R. (1978). Mapping the structure and the marking system of a territory of the Thornson’s gazelle. Afr. J. Ecol. 16: 167–176, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1978.tb00437.x.Search in Google Scholar

White, G. and Garrott, R. (1990). Analysis of radio-tracking data. Academic Press, San Diego.Search in Google Scholar

Wilson, D.E. and Mittermeier, R.A. (2011). Handbook of the mammals of the world: 2. Hoofed mammals. Lynx, Barcelona.Search in Google Scholar

Wronski, T., Apio, A., and Plath, M. (2006). The communicatory significance of localised defecation sites in bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 60: 368–378, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-006-0174-4.Search in Google Scholar

Wronski, T., Apio, A., Plath, M., and Ziege, M. (2013). Sex difference in the communicatory significance of localized defecation sites in Arabian gazelles (Gazella arabica). J. Ethol. 31: 129–140, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10164-012-0357-6.Search in Google Scholar

Zoromski, L.D., DeYoung, R.W., Goolsby, J.A., Foley, A.M., Ortega-S, J.A., Hewitt, D.G., and Campbell, T.A. (2022). Latrine ecology of nilgai antelope. J. Mammal. 103: 1194–1207, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyac056.Search in Google Scholar

Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2024-0175).

Received: 2024-12-06
Accepted: 2025-02-28
Published Online: 2025-04-07
Published in Print: 2025-07-28

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Ecology
  3. Habitat suitability and potential landscape corridors for South China sika deer (Cervus pseudaxis)
  4. Environmental and landscape changes drive medium- to large-bodied mammal species composition across an Amazon-Cerrado ecotone amid the deforestation expansion
  5. Comparison of the assemblage of medium and large mammals in two sites with differences in human access and environmental conditions in the south of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
  6. Systematic camera trapping survey of mammals in Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, Quang Nam, Vietnam
  7. Opportunistic predation of bats by Cerdocyon thous in a Brazilian urban fragment
  8. First scientific observation of the largest Sahulian rodent, Mallomys istapantap, in the wild
  9. Ethology
  10. Latrine ecology of a solitary ungulate, the Japanese serow: female–male communication site rather than territorial marking?
  11. Biogeography
  12. First record of Murina walstoni (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) outside Southeast Asia
  13. Taxonomy/Phylogeny
  14. A new species of Cryptotis (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) and introduction to the systematics of the Ecuadorian and Peruvian Cryptotis species
  15. The karyotype along with molecular data of the Iranian lineage of the bicolored shrew Crocidura leucodon (Hermann, 1780) provides evidence of the species level of C. persica Thomas, 1907
  16. Discovering species-level homonyms in mammals using the Hesperomys database
  17. Molecular detection and prevalence of Anaplasma and Rickettsia species in rodents captured from wildlife-human interfaces in Iringa and Morogoro regions, Tanzania
  18. How to spell species epithet for the steppe polecat: eversmanni or eversmanii?
  19. Evolutionary Biology
  20. Rediscovery of an extinct species of caviine rodent of the Late Pleistocene after the Last Glacial Maximum in the Pampasic Domain (Argentina)
https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2024-0175
Keywords for this article
Capricornis crispus; olfactory communication; latrine; scent marking; intersexual communication; oestrus advertisement

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Ecology
  3. Habitat suitability and potential landscape corridors for South China sika deer (Cervus pseudaxis)
  4. Environmental and landscape changes drive medium- to large-bodied mammal species composition across an Amazon-Cerrado ecotone amid the deforestation expansion
  5. Comparison of the assemblage of medium and large mammals in two sites with differences in human access and environmental conditions in the south of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
  6. Systematic camera trapping survey of mammals in Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, Quang Nam, Vietnam
  7. Opportunistic predation of bats by Cerdocyon thous in a Brazilian urban fragment
  8. First scientific observation of the largest Sahulian rodent, Mallomys istapantap, in the wild
  9. Ethology
  10. Latrine ecology of a solitary ungulate, the Japanese serow: female–male communication site rather than territorial marking?
  11. Biogeography
  12. First record of Murina walstoni (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) outside Southeast Asia
  13. Taxonomy/Phylogeny
  14. A new species of Cryptotis (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) and introduction to the systematics of the Ecuadorian and Peruvian Cryptotis species
  15. The karyotype along with molecular data of the Iranian lineage of the bicolored shrew Crocidura leucodon (Hermann, 1780) provides evidence of the species level of C. persica Thomas, 1907
  16. Discovering species-level homonyms in mammals using the Hesperomys database
  17. Molecular detection and prevalence of Anaplasma and Rickettsia species in rodents captured from wildlife-human interfaces in Iringa and Morogoro regions, Tanzania
  18. How to spell species epithet for the steppe polecat: eversmanni or eversmanii?
  19. Evolutionary Biology
  20. Rediscovery of an extinct species of caviine rodent of the Late Pleistocene after the Last Glacial Maximum in the Pampasic Domain (Argentina)
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 13.10.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/mammalia-2024-0175/html
Scroll to top button