Startseite Bibliotheks- & Informationswissenschaft, Buchwissenschaft Dostoevsky and the Word “Jew”: A Quantitative Analysis of F.M. Dostoevsky’s Greatest Novels
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Dostoevsky and the Word “Jew”: A Quantitative Analysis of F.M. Dostoevsky’s Greatest Novels

  • Yigal Nirenberg und Gila Prebor ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 4. Januar 2022
Libri
Aus der Zeitschrift Libri Band 72 Heft 1

Abstract

The relationship of F.M Dostoevsky with Jews attracted the attention of numerous scholars throughout the years, many of whom attempted to grapple with the views of the great writer and their origin. In this article we will attempt to show this relationship by analyzing six of Dostoevsky’s greatest novels, written through the entirety of his career. We are analyzing these novels using Distant Reading in conjunction with Close Reading, tools that are commonly used in the field of digital humanities, which enabled us to show visually the extent of F.M. Dostoevsky’s engagement with this topic. The study poses two research questions: 1. To what extent did the writer use the more denigrating term “Zhid”? 2. Can we see a correlation between the writer’s portrayal of Jews with the definition of Anti-Semitism as it was known during his era? The obtained results show that there is clearly a correlation between the definition of anti-Semitism as it was understood at the time of Dostoevsky and the “Jew” as depicted in his novels, as the financial motif is paramount in the depiction of Jews as this is the central topic in 49% of the negative sentences in which the word “Jew” appears, with 59% of these sentences classified as stereotypes. The negative financial stereotype constitutes 32% of the entire corpus. In addition, we found the term “Zhid” is commonly used by the writer, a variation of which constitutes 75% of the total terms used to depict Jews.


Corresponding author: Gila Prebor, Department of Information Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel, E-mail:

References

Adelman, G. 2000. “Disrobing Dostoevsky’s Grand Inquisitor: The Hidden Legacy of Christian Anti-Semitism in Brothers Karamazov.” The Comparatist 24: 83–98. https://doi.org/10.1353/com.2000.0018.Suche in Google Scholar

Dostoyevsky, F. M. 1880. The Brothers Karamazov. Translated by C. Garnett. Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/28054 (accessed December 21, 2020).Suche in Google Scholar

Dostoyevsky, F. M. 1866. Crime and Punishment. Translated by C. Garnett. Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2554 (accessed December 21, 2020).Suche in Google Scholar

Dostoyevsky, F. M. 1867. The Gambler. Translated by C. J. Hogarth. Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2197 (accessed December 21, 2020).Suche in Google Scholar

Dostoyevsky, F. M. 1862. The House of the Dead or Prison Life in Siberia. Translated by E. Rhys. Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37536 (accessed December 21, 2020).Suche in Google Scholar

Dostoyevsky, F. M. 1869. The Idiot. Translated by E. Martin. Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2638 (accessed December 21, 2020).Suche in Google Scholar

Dostoyevsky, F. M. 1864. Notes from the Underground. Translated by C. Garnett. Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/600 (accessed December 21, 2020).Suche in Google Scholar

Dostoyevsky, F. M. 1846. Poor Folk. Translated by C. J. Hogarth. Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2302 (accessed December 21, 2020).Suche in Google Scholar

Dostoyevsky, F. M. 1872. The Possessed. Translated by C. Garnett. Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2302 (accessed December 21, 2020).Suche in Google Scholar

Frank, J. 2010. Between Religion and Rationality: Essays in Russian Literature and Culture. Princeton: Princeton University Press.10.1515/9781400836536Suche in Google Scholar

Golan, S. 2005. My Travels with Books. Hod Hasharon: Astrolog Publishing House (in Hebrew).Suche in Google Scholar

Goldstein, D. I. 1981. Dostoyevsky and the Jews. Austin: University of Texas Press.Suche in Google Scholar

Hawthorn, J. 2000. A Glossary of Contemporary Literary Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Suche in Google Scholar

Kornblatt, J. D., and G. Rosenshield. 2000. “Vladimir Solovyov: Confronting Dostoevsky on the Jewish and Christian Questions.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 68 (1): 69–98, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/68.1.69.Suche in Google Scholar

Lapidus, R. 1993. “Dostoyevsky in Quasi-Jewish Garb: ‘Crime and Punishment’ as Translated by Y. H. Brenner.” Jerusalem Studies in Hebrew Literature 14: 275–91 (in Hebrew).10.15826/qr.2018.2.310Suche in Google Scholar

Lednicki, W. 1954. Russia, Poland, and the West: Essays in Literary and Cultural History. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press.Suche in Google Scholar

Moretti, F. 2005. Graphs, Maps, Trees: Abstract Models for a Literary History. London: Verso.Suche in Google Scholar

Morson, G. S. 1983. “Dostoevsky’s Anti-Semitism and the Critics: A Review Article.” Slavic & East European Journal 27 (3): 302–17. https://doi.org/10.2307/307858.Suche in Google Scholar

Orwell, G. 1946. “In Front of Your Nose, 1946–1950.” In 1968. The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, Vol. 4, edited by S. Orwell, and I. Angus. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.Suche in Google Scholar

Ury, S., and G. Miron. 2020. “Antisemitism: On the Dialectical Relationship between a Historical Concept and Contemporary Debates.” Zion: A Quarterly for Research in Jewish History 85: 7–30 (in Hebrew).Suche in Google Scholar

Weil, I. 2013. Crime and Punishment [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9e4JK1v5dg (accessed December 21, 2020).Suche in Google Scholar

Weinberg, S. 2010. Pogroms and Riots: German Press Responses to Anti-Jewish Violence in Germany and Russia (1881–1882). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.10.3726/978-3-653-00455-7Suche in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2022-01-04
Published in Print: 2022-03-28

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Heruntergeladen am 31.12.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/libri-2021-0011/pdf
Button zum nach oben scrollen