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The Athenian Bank: a Conspicuous Example of Labour Specialisation

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Published/Copyright: June 5, 2023
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From the journal Klio Volume 105 Issue 1

Summary

My research applies the categories of labour specialisation and professionalism to the Athenian bank with a view to demonstrating that banking was a full-time occupation requiring a complex set of skills and that bankers could be considered professionals rather than simple workers. This paper is divided into three sections. In the first, I scrutinise all the sources regarding the banks’ activities and the bankers’ clients to show that the trapezai were constantly frequented by traders, members of the wealthy upper class and most likely individuals belonging to the social middle class. This first section reveals how the banks’ clients exerted a high and constant demand for the services offered by the Athenian bankers. The second section explores the set of skills required to run a bank or even simply to work as a bank employee and aims at demonstrating how important it was that banks were efficiently organised through a precise division of labour. Such a division clearly shows that banking was a highly specialised activity. In the third section I identify the features that qualify bankers as professionals, namely social prestige, the passing down of knowledge and skills to individuals other than the bankers’ sons, and the creation of a wide network of international contacts. The analysis conducted on Athenian bankers to determine whether or not they constitute professionals is reinforced with several parallels to bankers active in other prosperous poleis, such as Delos.

Keywords: Banks; Bankers; Labour Specialisation; Ancient Economy; Professionals

Acknowledgements

In writing this essay I have accumulated several debts. First of all, I owe a great debt of gratitude to Prof. Edward M. Harris: he has given me many invaluable suggestions, drawing my attention to some points I had neglected. I owe a debt of thanks also to Dr. David M. Lewis, Dr. Alberto Esu and Dr. Matteo Barbato, who have all read and discussed each section of this essay with me. My gratitude also goes to Dr. Samuel Ellis, who has helped me to improve my clumsy English.

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Published Online: 2023-06-05
Published in Print: 2023-06-02

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Titelseiten
  2. Aufsätze
  3. Ritual Usage of Water in Greek Sanctuaries
  4. Making Landscapes, Building Communities. A Journey along the Kopais Corridor in Boiotia
  5. Beobachtungen und Überlegungen zu den sogenannten Hekatompedon-Inschriften (IG I3 4)
  6. The Athenian Bank: a Conspicuous Example of Labour Specialisation
  7. Drafting the Bibliotheke. Diodorus Siculus’ Writing Process
  8. The Roman Revolution: The Pax Romana
  9. Nemedus Augustus y el culto imperial en áreas rurales de la Península Ibérica
  10. Ptolemaios, Caligula und die fremde abolla – Neue Überlegungen zum Ende des letzten mauretanischen Königs
  11. Apokolokyntosis und De clementia: Neros Prinzipat und Senecas Kommentar
  12. Iohannes Augustus. Biografía de un emperador maldito
  13. Literaturkritik
  14. Julia L. Shear, Serving Athena. The Festival of the Panathenaia and the Construction of Athenian Identities, Cambridge – New York (Cambridge University Press) 2021, XXII, 532 S., ISBN 978-1-108-48527-2 (geb.), £ 105,–
  15. Pat Wheatley – Charlotte Dunn, Demetrius the Besieger, Oxford – New York (Oxford University Press) 2020, 528 S., ISBN 978-0-19-883604-9 (geb.), £ 115,–
  16. Silvia Panichi, La Cappadocia ellenistica sotto gli Ariaratidi ca. 250–100 a.C., Florenz (Leo S. Olschki) 2018 (Biblioteca di Geographia Antiqua 5), XIV, 134 S., ISBN 978-88-222-6580-7 (brosch.), € 25,–
  17. Hendrikus A. M. van Wijlick, Rome and the Near Eastern Kingdoms and Principalities, 44–31 BC, Leiden – Boston (Brill) 2020 (Impact of Empire 38), 307 S., ISBN 978-90-04-44174-3 (geb.), € 134,82
  18. Laurens E. Tacoma, Roman Political Culture. Seven Studies of the Senate and City Councils of Italy from the First to the Sixth Century AD, Oxford – New York (Oxford University Press) 2020, XII, 320 S., ISBN 978-0-19-885080-9 (geb.), £ 87,–
  19. Frank Görne, Die Obstruktionen in der Römischen Republik, Stuttgart (Franz Steiner Verlag) 2020 (Historia 264), 333 S., ISBN 978-3-515-12754-7 (geb.), € 70,–
  20. Friedrich Meins, Paradigmatische Geschichte. Wahrheit, Theorie und Methode in den Antiquitates Romanae des Dionysios von Halikarnassos, Stuttgart (Franz Steiner Verlag) 2019 (Palingenesia 113), 169 S., ISBN 978-3-515-12255-9 (geb.), € 47,–
  21. Sylvain Forichon, Les spectateurs des jeux du cirque à Rome (Ier siècle a.C. au VIe siècle p.C.). Passion, émotions et manifestations, Bordeaux (Ausonius Éditions) 2020 (Collection Scripta Antiqua 133), 380 S., ISBN 978-2-35613-345-8 (brosch.), € 25,–
  22. Sophia Bönisch-Meyer, Dialogangebote. Die Anrede des Kaisers jenseits der offiziellen Titulatur, Leiden – Boston (Brill) 2021 (Impact of Empire 39), X, 626 S., ISBN 978-90-04-44373-0 (geb.), € 136,25
  23. Wojciech Pietruszka, The Municipal Elites of Campania during the Antonine-Severan Period, Wiesbaden (Harrassowitz Verlag) 2020 (Philippika 140), X, 487 S., ISBN 978-3-447-11452-3 (geb.), € 98,–
  24. Fritz Mitthof – Gunther Martin – Jana Grusková (Hgg.), Empire in Crisis. Gothic Invasions and Roman Historiography. Beiträge einer internationalen Tagung zu den Wiener Dexipp-Fragmenten (Dexippus Vindobonensis) Wien, 3.–6. Mai 2017, Wien (Holzhausen) 2020 (Tyche Supplement 12), XII, 608 S., 14 Abb., ISBN 978-3-903207-38-7 (brosch.), € 65,–
https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2022-0023
Keywords for this article
Banks; Bankers; Labour Specialisation; Ancient Economy; Professionals

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Titelseiten
  2. Aufsätze
  3. Ritual Usage of Water in Greek Sanctuaries
  4. Making Landscapes, Building Communities. A Journey along the Kopais Corridor in Boiotia
  5. Beobachtungen und Überlegungen zu den sogenannten Hekatompedon-Inschriften (IG I3 4)
  6. The Athenian Bank: a Conspicuous Example of Labour Specialisation
  7. Drafting the Bibliotheke. Diodorus Siculus’ Writing Process
  8. The Roman Revolution: The Pax Romana
  9. Nemedus Augustus y el culto imperial en áreas rurales de la Península Ibérica
  10. Ptolemaios, Caligula und die fremde abolla – Neue Überlegungen zum Ende des letzten mauretanischen Königs
  11. Apokolokyntosis und De clementia: Neros Prinzipat und Senecas Kommentar
  12. Iohannes Augustus. Biografía de un emperador maldito
  13. Literaturkritik
  14. Julia L. Shear, Serving Athena. The Festival of the Panathenaia and the Construction of Athenian Identities, Cambridge – New York (Cambridge University Press) 2021, XXII, 532 S., ISBN 978-1-108-48527-2 (geb.), £ 105,–
  15. Pat Wheatley – Charlotte Dunn, Demetrius the Besieger, Oxford – New York (Oxford University Press) 2020, 528 S., ISBN 978-0-19-883604-9 (geb.), £ 115,–
  16. Silvia Panichi, La Cappadocia ellenistica sotto gli Ariaratidi ca. 250–100 a.C., Florenz (Leo S. Olschki) 2018 (Biblioteca di Geographia Antiqua 5), XIV, 134 S., ISBN 978-88-222-6580-7 (brosch.), € 25,–
  17. Hendrikus A. M. van Wijlick, Rome and the Near Eastern Kingdoms and Principalities, 44–31 BC, Leiden – Boston (Brill) 2020 (Impact of Empire 38), 307 S., ISBN 978-90-04-44174-3 (geb.), € 134,82
  18. Laurens E. Tacoma, Roman Political Culture. Seven Studies of the Senate and City Councils of Italy from the First to the Sixth Century AD, Oxford – New York (Oxford University Press) 2020, XII, 320 S., ISBN 978-0-19-885080-9 (geb.), £ 87,–
  19. Frank Görne, Die Obstruktionen in der Römischen Republik, Stuttgart (Franz Steiner Verlag) 2020 (Historia 264), 333 S., ISBN 978-3-515-12754-7 (geb.), € 70,–
  20. Friedrich Meins, Paradigmatische Geschichte. Wahrheit, Theorie und Methode in den Antiquitates Romanae des Dionysios von Halikarnassos, Stuttgart (Franz Steiner Verlag) 2019 (Palingenesia 113), 169 S., ISBN 978-3-515-12255-9 (geb.), € 47,–
  21. Sylvain Forichon, Les spectateurs des jeux du cirque à Rome (Ier siècle a.C. au VIe siècle p.C.). Passion, émotions et manifestations, Bordeaux (Ausonius Éditions) 2020 (Collection Scripta Antiqua 133), 380 S., ISBN 978-2-35613-345-8 (brosch.), € 25,–
  22. Sophia Bönisch-Meyer, Dialogangebote. Die Anrede des Kaisers jenseits der offiziellen Titulatur, Leiden – Boston (Brill) 2021 (Impact of Empire 39), X, 626 S., ISBN 978-90-04-44373-0 (geb.), € 136,25
  23. Wojciech Pietruszka, The Municipal Elites of Campania during the Antonine-Severan Period, Wiesbaden (Harrassowitz Verlag) 2020 (Philippika 140), X, 487 S., ISBN 978-3-447-11452-3 (geb.), € 98,–
  24. Fritz Mitthof – Gunther Martin – Jana Grusková (Hgg.), Empire in Crisis. Gothic Invasions and Roman Historiography. Beiträge einer internationalen Tagung zu den Wiener Dexipp-Fragmenten (Dexippus Vindobonensis) Wien, 3.–6. Mai 2017, Wien (Holzhausen) 2020 (Tyche Supplement 12), XII, 608 S., 14 Abb., ISBN 978-3-903207-38-7 (brosch.), € 65,–
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