Abstract
In this paper, we describe a procedure for constructing bicycle routes of minimal perceived exertion over a multi-day tour for cyclists of different levels of expertise. Given a cyclist’s origin, destination, selected points of interest she/he wants to visit, and a level of cycling expertise, this procedure generates a multi-day bicycle tour as a collection of successive daily paths that begin and end at overnight accommodations. The objective is to minimize the total perceived exertion. We demonstrate the implementation of this procedure on an example multi-day tour route in California and present the results of a survey designed to evaluate the daily paths constructed. Repeated measures analysis indicated that 108 of the 120 perceived exertion ratings of the routes generated by our method fit the reported perceived exertion levels of 175 avid cyclists who participated in an evaluation survey.
References
Bateman, W. 2010. “10 Indicators that Bicycle Travel is Blooming.” (http://www.adventurecycling.org/news/).10.1177/1473225410385273Suche in Google Scholar
Beasley, J. E. 1983. “Route First – Cluster Second Methods for Vehicle Routing.” OMEGA – The International Journal of Management Science 11:403–408.10.1016/0305-0483(83)90033-6Suche in Google Scholar
Bodin, L. and L. Berman. 1979. “Routing and Scheduling of School Buses by Computer.” Transportation Science 13:113–129.10.1287/trsc.13.2.113Suche in Google Scholar
Bodin, L. and S. Kursh. 1978. “A Computer-assisted System for the Routing and Scheduling of Street Sweepers.” Operations Research 26:525–537.10.1287/opre.26.4.525Suche in Google Scholar
Borg, G. A. V. 1973. “Perceived Exertion: A Note on “History” and Methods.” Medicine and Science in Sports 5:90–93.10.1249/00005768-197300520-00017Suche in Google Scholar
Carl, K., S. A. Brown, M. Dror, and A. Durcikova. 2013. “Bicycle Tours: Modeling the Perceived Exertion of a Path.” Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports.10.1515/jqas-2012-0052Suche in Google Scholar
Christofides, N. 1976. “Worst-case Analysis of a New Heuristic for the Travelling Salesman Problem.” Technical Report 388, Graduate School of Industrial Administration, Carnegie Mellon University.Suche in Google Scholar
Edmonds, J. 1967. “Optimum Branching.” Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards 71B:233–240.10.6028/jres.071B.032Suche in Google Scholar
Fisher, M. 1994. “Optimal Solution of Vehicle Routing Problems Using Minimum k-Trees.” Operations Research 42:626–642.10.1287/opre.42.4.626Suche in Google Scholar
Garey, M. R. and D. S. Johnson. 1979. Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman & Co.Suche in Google Scholar
Gavin, M., B. Ghosh, V. Pakrashi, J. Barton, B. O’Flynn, and A. Lawson. 2011. “A Cycle Route Planner Mobile-app for Dublin City.” Irish Transport Research Network Annual Conference.Suche in Google Scholar
Hillsman, E. L. and S. J. Barbeau. 2011. “Enabling Cost-effective Multimodal Trip Planners Through Open Transit Data.” Technical Report FDOT BDK85 #977-20, University of South Florida.10.5038/CUTR-NCTR-RR-2010-05Suche in Google Scholar
Hochmair, H. H. and J. Fu. 2009. “Web Based Bicycle Trip Planning for Broward County, Florida.” ESRI User Conference.Suche in Google Scholar
Hochmair, H. H., D. Zielstra, and P. Neis. 2013. “Assessing the Completeness of Bicycle Trails and Designated Lane Features in Openstreetmap for the United States and Europe.” In 92nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies.Suche in Google Scholar
Holmes, K. W., O. A. Chadwick, and P. C. Kyriakidis. 2000. “Error in a Usgs 30-meter Digital Elevation Model and its Impact on Terrain Modeling.” Journal of Hydrology 233:154–173.10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00229-8Suche in Google Scholar
Hoogeveen, J. A. 1991. “Analysis of Christofides’ Heuristic: Some Paths are more Difficult than Cycles.” Operations Research Letters 10:291–295.10.1016/0167-6377(91)90016-ISuche in Google Scholar
Kessler, F. 2013. “Volunteered Geographic Information: A Bicycling Enthusiast Perspective.” Cartography and Geographic Information Science 38:258–268.10.1559/15230406382258Suche in Google Scholar
Komoot. 2014. (http://en.komoot.de/suggest/#sport=touringbicycle&du=10800/).Suche in Google Scholar
Laporte, G. 1992. “The Vehicle Routing Problem: An Overview of Exact and Approximate Algorithms.” European Journal of Operational Research 59:345–358.10.1016/0377-2217(92)90192-CSuche in Google Scholar
Lin, S. and B. W. Kernighan. 1973. “An Effective Heuristic Algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem.” Operations Research 21:498–516.10.1287/opre.21.2.498Suche in Google Scholar
Mager, M. 2011. “Usa cycling.” (http://www.usacycling.org/).Suche in Google Scholar
Morgan, W. P. 1973. “Psychological Factors Influencing Perceived Exertion.” Medicine and Science in Sports 5:97–103.10.1249/00005768-197300520-00019Suche in Google Scholar
Neis, P., D. Zielstra, and A. Zipf. 2012. “The Street Network Evolution of Crowdsourced Maps: Openstreetmap in Germany 2007–2011.” Future Internet 4:1–21.Suche in Google Scholar
OpenStreetMap. 2013. (http://www.openstreetmap.org/).Suche in Google Scholar
OutdoorFoundation. 2011. “Outdoor Recreation Participation Report.” (http://www.outdoorfoundation.org/pdf/ResearchParticipation2011.pdf/).Suche in Google Scholar
Payne, K. C. and M. Dror. 2015. “Construction of a Topographical Road Graph for Bicycle Tour Routes.” Sports Technology (in press).10.1080/19346182.2015.1063642Suche in Google Scholar
Pucher, J., R. Buehler, D. Merom, and A. Bauman. 2011. “Walking and Cycling in the United States, 2001–2009: Evidence from the National Household Travel Surveys.” American Journal of Public Health 101:S310–S317.Suche in Google Scholar
Skinner, J. S., R. Hustler, V. Bergsteinová, and E. R. Buskirk. 1973. “The Validity and Reliability of a Rating Scale of Perceived Exertion.” Medicine and Science in Sports 5:94–96.10.1249/00005768-197300520-00018Suche in Google Scholar
Stern, H. I. and M. Dror. 1979. “Routing Electric Meter Readers.” Computers and Operations Research 6:209–223.10.1016/0305-0548(79)90005-4Suche in Google Scholar
Su, J. G., M. Winters, M. Nunes, and M. Brauer. 2010. “Designing a Route Planner to Facilitate and Promote Cycling in Metro Vancouver, Canada.” Transportation Research Part A 44:495–505.10.1016/j.tra.2010.03.015Suche in Google Scholar
Turverey, R. J., D. D. Cheng, O. N. Blair, J. T. Roth, G. M. Lamp, and R. Cogill. 2010. “Charlottesville Bike Route Planner.” Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium.10.1109/SIEDS.2010.5469679Suche in Google Scholar
Wigan, M., P. Grashoff, and F. van der Wouden. 2010. “Cooperative Web Based Bicycle Routing Database for Trip Planning, Including Dynamic Weather Integration.” in 89nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies.Suche in Google Scholar
Wilson, J. P. 2012. “Digital Terrain Modeling.” Geomorphology 137:107–121.10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.03.012Suche in Google Scholar
Zhou, Q. and X. Liu. 2004. “Analysis of Errors of Derived Slope and Aspect Related to Dem Data Properties.” Computers and Geosciences 30:369–378.10.1016/j.cageo.2003.07.005Suche in Google Scholar
©2015 by De Gruyter
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- openWAR: An open source system for evaluating overall player performance in major league baseball
- Multi-day bicycle tour route generation
- Prediction of major international soccer tournaments based on team-specific regularized Poisson regression: An application to the FIFA World Cup 2014
- A linear model for estimating optimal service error fraction in volleyball
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- openWAR: An open source system for evaluating overall player performance in major league baseball
- Multi-day bicycle tour route generation
- Prediction of major international soccer tournaments based on team-specific regularized Poisson regression: An application to the FIFA World Cup 2014
- A linear model for estimating optimal service error fraction in volleyball