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Mid-trimester amniotic fluid concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein in normal pregnancies: a prospective evaluation according to parity, gestational age, and fetal gender
-
Christian Bamberg
,
Christina Fotopoulou
Published/Copyright:
June 24, 2011
Abstract
Objective: To assess mid-trimester amniotic fluid concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) in pregnancies with normal outcome and correlate them with gestational week (GW), parity, and fetal gender.
Methods: Cytokine concentrations were measured within a week of amniocentesis during GW 15+0 to 20+6 and correlated with GW at birth, parity, and fetal gender.
Results: After exclusion of women with an adverse pregnancy outcome or those lost to follow-up, 273 consecutive patients were evaluated (median parity: 1; range: 0–5). Ranges for IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and LBP were 4.9–2620 pg/mL, 36.2–5843 pg/mL, 8.0–28.2 pg/mL, and 0.06–1.9 μg/mL, respectively. IL-6, IL-8, and LBP values did not respectively differ among time points, but TNF-α values did between the 15th and 16th and the 15th and 18th weeks of gestation (P<0.05). No significant correlations between cytokine levels and parity or fetal gender were identified.
Conclusions: Cytokine concentrations in amniotic fluid during the mid-trimester did not differ with parity or fetal gender. IL-6, IL-8, and LBP levels appeared stable with GW, whereas GW significantly influenced TNF-α concentrations. Further analyses are warranted to establish the role of cytokines in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Keywords: Amniotic fluid; cytokines; interleukin-6; interleukin-8; lipopolysaccharide binding protein; mid-trimester; reference values; tumor necrosis factor-α
Received: 2010-10-9
Revised: 2011-1-11
Accepted: 2011-2-4
Published Online: 2011-06-24
Published Online: 2011-06-25
Published in Print: 2011-07-01
©2011 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston
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Keywords for this article
Amniotic fluid;
cytokines;
interleukin-6;
interleukin-8;
lipopolysaccharide binding protein;
mid-trimester;
reference values;
tumor necrosis factor-α
Articles in the same Issue
- Review articles
- Bridging global gene expression candidates in first trimester placentas with susceptibility loci from linkage studies of preeclampsia
- Candidates for the determination of antithrombin activity in pregnant women
- Opinion paper
- Using prophylactic, but not tocolytic, magnesium sulfate to reduce cerebral palsy related to prematurity: what dose, and what about infant mortality?
- Original articles – Obstetrics
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