Protein and genetic expression of CDKN1C and IGF2 and clinical features related to human umbilical cord length
-
Mercedes Olaya-C
,
Paola Ayala-Ramirez
Abstract
Background
Umbilical cord (UC) abnormalities are related to neurological outcome and death; specific molecular factors that might be involved are, as yet, unknown; however, protein-coding genes insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C) have been identified as potential candidates.
Methods
An analytical observational study was carried out. Newborn UCs were collected, along with their clinical and morphological features. Immunohistochemical analysis was made on paraffin-embedded sections and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed in fresh UC tissue for the assessment of gene expression.
Results
A total of 100 newborns were included. A significant association was found between long UC and prematurity [odds ratio (OR) 9] and long UC and respiratory distress (OR 4.04). Gestational diabetes (OR 8.55) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) (OR 4.71) were found to be related to short UCs. The frequency for abnormal UC length was higher than expected. UC length was positively correlated with maternal, newborn and placental weight. No statistical association was found between IGF2 and CDKN1C (p57) expression and UC length; however, there was a tendency for higher CDKN1C expression in short UCs, while, on the contrary, higher IGF2 expression for long UCs.
Conclusion
UC length was observed to be associated with maternal and newborn complications. Protein expression, messenger RNA (mRNA) activity and the activity of said genes seem to be related to UC length.
Acknowledgments
We wish to thank the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its Hospital Universitario San Ignacio in Bogota, Colombia for their indispensable support and participation in this study. We would also like to thank the staff of the Departments of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Institute of Human Genetics at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. We also extend our thanks to the parents who participated in this study and to Steven W. Bayless for the English language correction.
Research funding: None of the authors has any potential or actual conflicts of interest relevant to the topics discussed in this manuscript. This study makes up part of the research project entitled, “Análisis de expresión y cambios epigenéticos de igf2 y p57 (cdkn1c) en recién nacidos con longitud normal y anormal del cordón umbilical”, (SIAP ID00006693) financed by the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia (funder Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009543).
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. Jaime E. Bernal participated in the conception of the general idea and in group leadership. Mercedes Olaya-C: study conception and design, acquisition of data (case search), immunohistochemistry review, literature review and drafting of manuscript. Paola Ayala-Ramirez: realization, analysis and interpretation of molecular results and its analysis, in the design of graphics and drafting of manuscript. Ana Isabel Sanchez: literature review, molecular test designs, realization of the tests and drafting of manuscript. Sandra Lorena Guzmán-Pabon: immunohistochemistry review, realization of molecular tests, literature review and drafting of manuscript. Fabián Gil: analysis and interpretation of clinical results. Jaime Luis Silva: patient enrolment. Coordination of the Obstetrics Department cooperation. Seedbed in Perinatal Medicine: verification of umbilical cord measurement in the OR, fresh placental transfer to the lab. Paperwork. Jaime E Bernal: whole group coordination, literature review, critical revision.
Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
Ethical approval: The University Hospital’s Human Research Review Committee approved this study.
Research Seedbed in Perinatal Medicine PUJ: Garcia-C Na, Ramirez-Rozo N, Pérez-Ramírez Da, Peñaloza-López IFb, Vargas-Díaz MJb, Garzón ALb, Barrera LEb, Aguilar ASb, Gámez Tc.
aPUJ medical school undergradute, bPUJ medical residents, cPUJ Master’s student in biological sciences.
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©2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Methods of detection and prevention of preterm labour and the PAMG-1 detection test: a review
- Corner of Academy
- Long term alterations of growth after antenatal steroids in preterm twin pregnancies
- Original Articles – Obstetrics
- SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy: maternal and perinatal outcome data of 34 pregnant women hospitalised between May and October 2020
- Comparison of hematological parameters and perinatal outcomes between COVID-19 pregnancies and healthy pregnancy cohort
- The effect of mask use on maternal oxygen saturation in term pregnancies during the COVID-19 process
- Risk factors for pregnancy-associated venous thromboembolism in Singapore
- Does the length of second stage of labour or second stage caesarean section in nulliparous women increase the risk of preterm birth in subsequent pregnancies?
- Reference range for C1-esterase inhibitor (C1 INH) in the third trimester of pregnancy
- Termination of pregnancy following a Down Syndrome diagnosis: decision-making process and influential factors in a Muslim but secular country, Turkey
- High dose vs. low dose oxytocin for labor augmentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- Extremely high levels of alkaline phosphatase and pregnancy outcome: case series and review of the literature
- Cervical elastography strain ratio and strain pattern for the prediction of a successful induction of labour
- Original Articles – Fetus
- CD34 immunostain increases sensitivity of the diagnosis of fetal vascular malperfusion in placentas from ex-utero intrapartum treatment
- The ability of various cerebroplacental ratio thresholds to predict adverse neonatal outcomes in term fetuses exhibiting late-onset fetal growth restriction
- Obstetric and pediatric growth charts for the detection of late-onset fetal growth restriction and neonatal adverse outcomes
- Original Articles – Neonates
- Bacterial stability with freezer storage of human milk
- Protein and genetic expression of CDKN1C and IGF2 and clinical features related to human umbilical cord length
- Short Communication
- A considerable asymptomatic proportion and thromboembolism risk of pregnant women with COVID-19 infection in Wuhan, China
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Methods of detection and prevention of preterm labour and the PAMG-1 detection test: a review
- Corner of Academy
- Long term alterations of growth after antenatal steroids in preterm twin pregnancies
- Original Articles – Obstetrics
- SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy: maternal and perinatal outcome data of 34 pregnant women hospitalised between May and October 2020
- Comparison of hematological parameters and perinatal outcomes between COVID-19 pregnancies and healthy pregnancy cohort
- The effect of mask use on maternal oxygen saturation in term pregnancies during the COVID-19 process
- Risk factors for pregnancy-associated venous thromboembolism in Singapore
- Does the length of second stage of labour or second stage caesarean section in nulliparous women increase the risk of preterm birth in subsequent pregnancies?
- Reference range for C1-esterase inhibitor (C1 INH) in the third trimester of pregnancy
- Termination of pregnancy following a Down Syndrome diagnosis: decision-making process and influential factors in a Muslim but secular country, Turkey
- High dose vs. low dose oxytocin for labor augmentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- Extremely high levels of alkaline phosphatase and pregnancy outcome: case series and review of the literature
- Cervical elastography strain ratio and strain pattern for the prediction of a successful induction of labour
- Original Articles – Fetus
- CD34 immunostain increases sensitivity of the diagnosis of fetal vascular malperfusion in placentas from ex-utero intrapartum treatment
- The ability of various cerebroplacental ratio thresholds to predict adverse neonatal outcomes in term fetuses exhibiting late-onset fetal growth restriction
- Obstetric and pediatric growth charts for the detection of late-onset fetal growth restriction and neonatal adverse outcomes
- Original Articles – Neonates
- Bacterial stability with freezer storage of human milk
- Protein and genetic expression of CDKN1C and IGF2 and clinical features related to human umbilical cord length
- Short Communication
- A considerable asymptomatic proportion and thromboembolism risk of pregnant women with COVID-19 infection in Wuhan, China
