The association between hydration status and body composition in healthy children and adolescents
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Priscilla Clayton
,
María Angélica Trak-Fellermeier
,
Alison Macchi
,
Rodolfo Galván
Abstract
Objectives
Children 10–20 years old in the US are currently obese, showing suboptimal hydration as 60% fail to meet the US Dietary Reference Intakes for water. Studies have shown a significant inverse association between hydration status and body composition in children, although most failed to use the Dual-X-Ray Absorptiometry Scan (DEXA), the gold standard for body composition. Limited studies used an objective marker to measure hydration, such as urine specific gravity (USG) from a 24-h urine collection. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between hydration status (measured from USG in a 24-h urine sample and assessed from three 24-h dietary recalls) and body fat % and lean mass (assessed from a DEXA scan) in children (10–13 years, n=34) and adolescents (18–20 years, n=34).
Methods
Body composition was measured using DEXA, total water intake (mL/d) was assessed from three 24-h dietary recalls and analyzed using the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR). Hydration status was objectively measured using USG via 24-h urine collection.
Results
Overall body fat % was 31.7 ± 7.31, total water intake was 1746 ± 762.0 mL/d, and USG score was 1.020 ± 0.011 uG. Linear regressions showed significance between total water intake and lean mass (B=12.2, p<0.05). Logistic regressions showed no significant association between body composition and USG and total water intake.
Conclusions
Findings showed total water intake was significantly associated with lean mass. Future research should be conducted to explore other objective markers of hydration and with a larger sample.
Funding source: National Institutes of Health
Award Identifier / Grant number: 1R01HD098589-01
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Julia Leone from the Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Stempel School of Public Health, at Florida International University for her contribution in the data collection.
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Research funding: This study was funded in part by the National Institutes of Health (Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD), grant number 1R01HD098589-01.
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Author contributions: PC and CP: facilitated and conducted the study, wrote the manuscript. MATF, RG, and PC collected all questionnaires, biospecimens, and anthropometrics. CP: project oversight and was responsible for the final content of the manuscript; and all authors critically reviewed the manuscript and approved the final version.
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Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
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Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
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Ethical approval: The research related to human use has complied with all the relevant national regulations, institutional polices, and in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration and has been approved by the authors’ Institutional Review Board (IRB-22-0045).
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