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Serum adiponectin, body adiposity and metabolic parameters in obese Egyptian children with Down syndrome

  • Sohier Yahia ORCID logo , Reham El-Farahaty ORCID logo , Abdel-Hady EL-Gilany ORCID logo , Rasha Shoaib ORCID logo , Rowayda Ramadan ORCID logo and Nanees Salem ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: August 5, 2021
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
From the journal Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Volume 34 Issue 11

Abstract

Objectives

Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a higher risk for obesity. Adiponectin plays a crucial role in obesity-related cardiometabolic comorbidities. The study aimed to explore whether body adiposity indicators, the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, serum adiponectin and insulin resistance indices as well as the validity of serum adiponectin as a biomarker for MetS are different in prepubertal obese-DS children compared to matched obese-controls.

Methods

Cross-sectional study included 150 prepubertal children classfied into three groups; obese-DS (n=50), obese-control (n=50) and normal-weight-control (n=50). Participants were evaluated for waist-circumference (WC), body adiposity, serum triglycerides, HDL-C, adiponectin and Homeostasis-Model-Assessment of Insulin-Resistance (HOMA-IR). MetS was defined using modified Adult Treatment Panel III-criteria.

Results

Obese-DS had significantly higher WC, %body fat, total-fat mass, trunk-fat mass, trunk/appendicular-fat mass ratio, triglycerides, insulin and HOMA-IR and significantly lower HDL-C values compared to obese-control. Higher prevalence of MetS and its components were observed in obese-DS that was evident at younger age. Adiponectin was significantly lower in obese-DS compared with obese-control and in obese-DS children with MetS compared to obesecontrol with MetS. The decrease in adiponectin with increasing grades of obesity was pronounced in obese-DS. Adiponectin exhibited strong correlations with body adiposity, several MetS components and HOMA-IR in obese-DS. Adiponectin performed better as a biomarker for MetS among obese-DS (AUC=0.808) than obese-control (AUC=0.674).

Conclusions

Prepubertal obese-DS displayed excess body adiposity with pronounced central fat distribution, atherogenic lipid profile and higher insulin resistance compared to matched obese-control. Adiponectin performed better as potential biomarker of MetS in obese-DS than obese-control.

Keywords: adiponectin; body adiposity; Down syndrome; insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome; obesity
Corresponding author: Nanees Salem, MD, Mansoura University Children’s Hospital, El-Gomhoria st, Post Office: 35516, Box 50, Mansoura 53355, Egypt, Phone: +20 1007553665, Fax: +20 50 223 4092, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the children who participated in this study as well as their parents and families.

  1. Research funding: None declared.

  2. Author contributions: Sohier Yahia and Nanees Salem conceived the main study idea and design, Nanees Salem and Rowayda Ramadan collected clinical data, Reham El-Farahaty performed biochemical analysis, Abdel-Hady EL-Gilany and Rasha Shoaib analyzed data, Nanees Salem conducted the literature search and wrote the first draft of manuscript. All authors involved in data interpretation, manuscript revision and have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from the parents of all individual participant included in the study.

  5. Ethical approval: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Mansoura Faculty of Medicine-Institutional Research Board (Code No. R.20.07.923).

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Received: 2021-05-09
Accepted: 2021-07-19
Published Online: 2021-08-05
Published in Print: 2021-11-25

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2021-0324
Keywords for this article
adiponectin; body adiposity; Down syndrome; insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome; obesity

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review Article
  3. An endocrine perspective on menstrual suppression for adolescents: achieving good suppression while optimizing bone health
  4. Original Articles
  5. Anthropometric, metabolic, and reproductive outcomes of patients with central precocious puberty treated with leuprorelin acetate 3-month depot (11.25 mg)
  6. Evaluation of the resilience of the girls with central precocious puberty treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog
  7. The effect of GnRH stimulation on AMH regulation in central precocious puberty and isolated premature thelarche
  8. Association of the apoptotic marker APO1/Fas with children’s predisposing factors for metabolic syndrome and with mean platelet volume
  9. Serum adiponectin, body adiposity and metabolic parameters in obese Egyptian children with Down syndrome
  10. Urinary iodine and thyroglobulin are useful markers in infants suspected of congenital hypothyroidism based on newborn screening
  11. Comparison of plasmapheresis with medical apheresis in terms of efficacy and cost in the acute treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in children with lipoprotein lipase deficiency
  12. Clinical, biochemical and genotypical characteristics in biotinidase deficiency
  13. High uric acid levels in overweight and obese children and their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors: what is missing in this puzzle?
  14. Optimizing pediatric histrelin implantation to improve success rates in clinic without sedation
  15. Determinants of ultra-processed food consumption in Brazilian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
  16. The prevalence, immune profile, and clinical characteristics of children with celiac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus in the state of Qatar
  17. Case Reports
  18. A rare and preventable aetiology of neurodevelopmental delay and epilepsy: familial glucocorticoid deficiency
  19. Giant plurihormonal pituitary adenoma in a child – case study
  20. The usefulness of copeptin for the diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in infancy: a case report
  21. A novel synonymous homozygous variant [c.2538G>A (p.Thr846Thr)] in TRPM6 in a patient with hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia
  22. Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis in a child: a four-year follow-up with review of literature
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