General properties of autoimmune thyroid diseases and associated morbidities
-
Aysel Burcu Palandokenlier Ibili
,
Beray Selver Eklioglu
and
Mehmet Emre Atabek
Abstract
Background
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATDs) can be classified into two basic diseases: Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Here, we review the effectiveness of laboratory and imaging methods used for the early diagnosis of ATD and draw attention to methods that may improve screening.
Methods
Retrospective data of 142 patients diagnosed with ATD between January 2010 and December 2015 at our paediatric endocrinology clinic were used. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical findings, treatments and follow-up data of patients were statistically evaluated.
Results
Of the ATD cases, 81% (n = 115) were female. The median age was 12.5 ± 3.5 (range 1–17) years and 91% (n = 129) of patients were in puberty. There was a significant positive correlation between the height (standard deviation score) and follow-up time for patients with HT (r = 0.156, p < 0.01). Thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) positivity was found in 75% (45/60) of females with a positive maternal ATD history (p = 0.045). Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4) values were significantly altered during the treatment follow-up period in female patients with GD and HT, while only fT4 values were found to be significantly altered in boys with HT.
Conclusion
Although GD and HT have similar mechanisms, they differ in terms of treatment duration and remission and relapse frequencies. Ultrasonography (USG) screening is a non-invasive procedure that is suitable for all patients with ATD. Based on our results, TgAb could be useful in the screening of girls with a history of maternal ATD.
Acknowledgements
The abstract of this research was presented as a poster at 57th ESPE 2018 (the 57th European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology Meeting).
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission. Medical practices: Aysel Burcu Palandokenlier Ibili; Academic contributions: Beray Selver Eklioglu and Mehmet Emre Atabek; Concept: Mehmet Emre Atabek; Study design: Beray Selver Eklioglu and Aysel Burcu Palandokenlier Ibili; Data collection: Aysel Burcu Palandokenlier Ibili; Literature search: Aysel Burcu Palandokenlier Ibili; Analysis and writing of the manuscript: Aysel Burcu Palandokenlier Ibili.
Research funding: This study received no financial support.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organisation(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
Ethical aspects: This retrospective study was approved by the local ethics committee (Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medicine Faculty Hospital Ethics Committee; no. 2016/476).
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian students: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Original Articles
- Trends in pediatric obesity management, a survey from the Pediatric Endocrine Society Obesity Committee
- Utility of MR proton density fat fraction and its correlation with ultrasonography and biochemical markers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight adolescents
- Vitamin D status and its relation to insulin resistance in a Mexican pediatric population
- Elevated serum uric acid, hyperuricaemia and dietary patterns among adolescents in mainland China
- Is there a relationship between the dietary inflammatory index and metabolic syndrome among adolescents?
- New insights into the expression of androgen and estrogen receptors of the appendix testis in congenital cryptorchidism
- General properties of autoimmune thyroid diseases and associated morbidities
- Comparison of leptin levels in neonates born to mothers with high or low gestational weight gain
- Percentile values of serum zinc concentration and prevalence of its deficiency in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study
- Nine-year overview of dyslipidemia management in children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: a university hospital outpatient lipid clinic project in Northwestern Greece
- Gesell Developmental Schedules scores and the relevant factors in children with Down syndrome
- Letters to the Editor
- Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) Child Abuse Committee response regarding Miller, Stolfi and Ayoub’s flawed theories about child abuse and metabolic bone disease
- Reply of Miller and Ayoub to Brown et al. Letter to the Editor
- Case Reports
- Identification of two novel variants in GAA underlying infantile-onset Pompe disease in two Pakistani families
- Hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets: a report of four cases with two novel variants in the VDR gene and successful use of intermittent intravenous calcium via a peripheral route
- Variant analysis of HPD genes from two families showing elevated tyrosine upon newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)
- Challenges in the management of an ignored cause of hyperammonemic encephalopathy: pyruvate carboxylase deficiency
- Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II with co-manifestation of Addison’s and Graves’ disease in a 15-year-old boy: case report and literature review
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian students: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Original Articles
- Trends in pediatric obesity management, a survey from the Pediatric Endocrine Society Obesity Committee
- Utility of MR proton density fat fraction and its correlation with ultrasonography and biochemical markers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight adolescents
- Vitamin D status and its relation to insulin resistance in a Mexican pediatric population
- Elevated serum uric acid, hyperuricaemia and dietary patterns among adolescents in mainland China
- Is there a relationship between the dietary inflammatory index and metabolic syndrome among adolescents?
- New insights into the expression of androgen and estrogen receptors of the appendix testis in congenital cryptorchidism
- General properties of autoimmune thyroid diseases and associated morbidities
- Comparison of leptin levels in neonates born to mothers with high or low gestational weight gain
- Percentile values of serum zinc concentration and prevalence of its deficiency in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study
- Nine-year overview of dyslipidemia management in children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: a university hospital outpatient lipid clinic project in Northwestern Greece
- Gesell Developmental Schedules scores and the relevant factors in children with Down syndrome
- Letters to the Editor
- Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) Child Abuse Committee response regarding Miller, Stolfi and Ayoub’s flawed theories about child abuse and metabolic bone disease
- Reply of Miller and Ayoub to Brown et al. Letter to the Editor
- Case Reports
- Identification of two novel variants in GAA underlying infantile-onset Pompe disease in two Pakistani families
- Hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets: a report of four cases with two novel variants in the VDR gene and successful use of intermittent intravenous calcium via a peripheral route
- Variant analysis of HPD genes from two families showing elevated tyrosine upon newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)
- Challenges in the management of an ignored cause of hyperammonemic encephalopathy: pyruvate carboxylase deficiency
- Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II with co-manifestation of Addison’s and Graves’ disease in a 15-year-old boy: case report and literature review
