Achieving target levels for vascular risk parameters in Polish school-age children with type 1 diabetes – a single center study
-
Agnieszka Szadkowska
,
Arkadiusz Michalak
,
Aneta Chylińska-Frątczak
Abstract
Background
Therapeutic goals have been established to decrease the risk of long-term complications of type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The effects of these guidelines should be constantly evaluated. Hence, the present study examines the frequency at which children with T1DM treated by one of the Polish reference centers complied with the therapeutic targets issued in 2014 by the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) and by the Diabetes Poland (PTD).
Methods
A retrospective analysis (years 2011–2014) was performed in patients with T1DM aged 6.5–18 years, with diabetes duration >12 months and no change of insulin regimen within 6 months. Collected data included insulin therapy regimen, weight, height, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level from the last hospitalization.
Results
The records of 447 patients (260 boys, 299 treated with insulin pump) were analyzed. All ISPAD goals were achieved by 123 (27.5%) patients, but only 43 (9.6%) met all PTD targets. Optimal HbA1c was achieved by 224 (50.1%) according to ISPAD criteria (HbA1c<7.5%) and by 87 (19.6%) patients according to PTD (HbA1c≤6.5%). Obesity was diagnosed in 11.6% of the patients; 19.7% of the patients were overweight. In logistic regression, patient age was the only independent predictor of failing to achieve complete T1DM control (p=0.001, OR=1.12 [1.05–1.23]) and optimal HbA1c (p=0.01, OR=1.1 [1.0–1.2]) according to ISPAD guidelines. Moreover, girls had a greater risk of failing body mass index (BMI) targets (PTD: p=0.002, OR=2.16; ISPAD: p=0.0001, OR=3.37) and LDL-C targets (p=0.005, OR=1.8) than boys.
Conclusions
Overall, control of vascular risk factors in Polish children with T1DM is unsatisfactory. While too few children are achieving the HbA1c target set by PTD, it is possible that such strict national target helps half of the Polish school-age patients achieve ISPAD-issued aim which is more liberal. High prevalence of overweight among children with T1DM warrants initiatives focused not only on glycemic control but also on motivation of patients to lead a healthy lifestyle.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
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©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- The associations between mental health, health-related quality of life and insulin pump therapy among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
- Achieving target levels for vascular risk parameters in Polish school-age children with type 1 diabetes – a single center study
- Adipocyte aquaporin 7 (AQP7) expression in lean children and children with obesity. Possible involvement in molecular mechanisms of childhood obesity
- Use of complementary and alternative medicine in patients with inherited metabolic disease
- Are breast milk adipokines affected by maternal dietary factors?
- Comparison of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in infants and postpartum women
- Reference intervals for neonatal thyroid function tests in the first 7 days of life
- Treatment outcomes in pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma
- Seasonality of month of birth in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroiditis: a continuing conundrum
- Follow-up in children with non-obese and non-autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism
- Glucose intolerance in children with cystic fibrosis: a developing country’s perspective
- Letter to the Editor
- A patient with classical galactosemia is graduated with a university degree
- Case Reports
- Prepubertal gynaecomastia in a boy with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: managing the aromatase overexpression
- Hypogammaglobulinemia and imaging features in a patient with infantile free sialic acid storage disease (ISSD) and a novel mutation in the SLC17A5 gene
- Xanthogranuloma of the sellar region accompanied by growth hormone deficiency: case report and literature review
- A case of Graves’ disease associated with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and leukocytoclastic vasculitis
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- The associations between mental health, health-related quality of life and insulin pump therapy among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
- Achieving target levels for vascular risk parameters in Polish school-age children with type 1 diabetes – a single center study
- Adipocyte aquaporin 7 (AQP7) expression in lean children and children with obesity. Possible involvement in molecular mechanisms of childhood obesity
- Use of complementary and alternative medicine in patients with inherited metabolic disease
- Are breast milk adipokines affected by maternal dietary factors?
- Comparison of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in infants and postpartum women
- Reference intervals for neonatal thyroid function tests in the first 7 days of life
- Treatment outcomes in pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma
- Seasonality of month of birth in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroiditis: a continuing conundrum
- Follow-up in children with non-obese and non-autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism
- Glucose intolerance in children with cystic fibrosis: a developing country’s perspective
- Letter to the Editor
- A patient with classical galactosemia is graduated with a university degree
- Case Reports
- Prepubertal gynaecomastia in a boy with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: managing the aromatase overexpression
- Hypogammaglobulinemia and imaging features in a patient with infantile free sialic acid storage disease (ISSD) and a novel mutation in the SLC17A5 gene
- Xanthogranuloma of the sellar region accompanied by growth hormone deficiency: case report and literature review
- A case of Graves’ disease associated with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and leukocytoclastic vasculitis
