Feeding, eating and behavioral disturbances in Prader-Willi syndrome and non-syndromal obesity

Lilli Sonnengrün; Celestina Schober; Mandy Vogel; Andreas Hiemisch; Mirko Döhnert; Anja Hilbert; Wieland Kiess

doi:10.1515/jpem-2016-0085

Article

Feeding, eating and behavioral disturbances in Prader-Willi syndrome and non-syndromal obesity

Lilli Sonnengrün , Celestina Schober , Mandy Vogel , Andreas Hiemisch , Mirko Döhnert , Anja Hilbert and Wieland Kiess

Published/Copyright: June 22, 2016

Published by

Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Submit Manuscript Author Information Explore this Subject

From the journal Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Volume 29 Issue 8

Abstract

Background:

Although most individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are obese, little is known about the impact of obesity-related psychosocial factors in PWS. In the present study we compared feeding, eating, and behavioral disturbances in children and adolescents with PWS, peers with non-syndromal obesity, and normal weight controls.

Methods:

Twelve persons with PWS, aged 7–22 years, age- and gender-matched obese and normal weight individuals were analyzed regarding parental feeding practices, eating disturbances, and behavioral problems via standardized questionnaires.

Results:

Parents of individuals with PWS reported significantly more restrictive feeding and monitoring than did parents of obese or normal weight children without PWS (p<0.05). Social problems were more common in the obese and the PWS group than in the normal-weight group (p<0.05). Behavioral problems were significantly correlated with parental restrictive feeding practices.

Conclusions:

Our data show that children and adolescents with PWS are affected by psychosocial problems, and that restrictive feeding practices might be associated with more severe behavioral problems. Further studies in larger samples will be necessary to replicate these results and possibly provide new therapeutic approaches for the management of PWS.

Keywords: behavior; children; eating disorder; obesity; Prader-Willi syndrome

Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Wieland Kiess, MD, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Department of Women and Child Health, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany, Phone: +49-341-9726000, Fax: +49-341-9726009,

aPresent address: Department of Ophthalmology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.

Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: This work was supported by LIFE – Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig. LIFE is supported by the European Social Fund (ESF), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Free State of Saxony, as part of the Excellence Initiative. Additional support for IFB Obesity Diseases was provided by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany, FKZ: 01EO1001.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.

References

1. Gurnani M, Birken C, Hamilton J. Childhood obesity: causes, consequences, and management. Pediatr Clin North Am 2015;62:821–40.10.1016/j.pcl.2015.04.001Search in Google Scholar PubMed

2. Anderson SE, Cohen P, Naumova EN, Must A. Relationship of childhood behavior disorders to weight gain from childhood into adulthood. Ambul Pediatr 2006;6:297–301.10.1016/j.ambp.2006.06.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed

3. Gray WN, Janicke DM, Wistedt KM, Dumont-Driscoll MC. Factors associated with parental use of restrictive feeding practices to control their children’s food intake. Appetite 2010;55:332–7.10.1016/j.appet.2010.07.005Search in Google Scholar PubMed

4. Stein D, Weinberger-Litman SL, Latzer Y. Psychosocial perspectives and the issue of prevention in childhood obesity. Front Public Health 2014;2:104.10.3389/fpubh.2014.00104Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

5. Butryn ML, Wadden TA. Treatment of overweight in children and adolescents: does dieting increase the risk of eating disorders? Int J Eat Disord 2005;37:285–93.10.1002/eat.20098Search in Google Scholar PubMed

6. Brown CL, Halvorson EE, Cohen GM, Lazorick S, Skelton JA. Addressing childhood obesity: opportunities for prevention. Pediatr Clin North Am 2015;62:1241–61.10.1016/j.pcl.2015.05.013Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

7. Goldstone AP, Beales PL. Genetic obesity syndromes. Front Horm Res 2008;36:37–60.10.1159/000115336Search in Google Scholar PubMed

8. Angulo MA, Butler MG, Cataletto ME. Prader-Willi syndrome: a review of clinical, genetic, and endocrine findings. J Endocrinol Invest 2015;38:1249–63.10.1007/s40618-015-0312-9Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

9. Miller JL, Lynn CH, Driscoll DC, Goldstone AP, Gold J, et al. Nutritional phases in Prader-Willi syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2011;155A:1040–9.10.1002/ajmg.a.33951Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

10. Whitman BY, Thomson T. Neurodevelopmental and neuropsychological aspects of Prader-Willi syndrome. In: Butler MG, Lee PD, Whitman BY, editors. Management of Prader-Willi syndrome, 3rd ed. New York, NY: Springer, 2006:245–70.10.1007/978-0-387-33536-0_8Search in Google Scholar

11. Gourash LM, Hanchett JE, Forster JL. Inpatient crisis intervention for persons with Prader-Willi syndrome. In: Butler MG, Lee PD, Whitman BY, editors. Management of Prader-Willi syndrome, 3rd ed. New York, NY: Springer, 2006:395–425.10.1007/978-0-387-33536-0_17Search in Google Scholar

12. Allen K. Managing Prader-Willi syndrome in families: an embodied exploration. Soc Sci Med 2011;72:460–8.10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.11.032Search in Google Scholar PubMed

13. Aycan Z, Baş VN. Prader-Willi syndrome and growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2014;6:62–7.10.4274/jcrpe.1228Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

14. Swaab DF, Purba JS, Hofman MA. Alterations in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and its oxytocin neurons (putative satiety cells) in Prader-Willi syndrome: a study of five cases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:573–9.10.1210/jcem.80.2.7852523Search in Google Scholar

15. Miller JL, Goldstone AP, Couch JA, Shuster J, He G, et al. Pituitary abnormalities in Prader-Willi syndrome and early onset morbid obesity. Am J Med Genet A 2008;146A:570–7.10.1002/ajmg.a.31677Search in Google Scholar PubMed

16. Hinton EC, Holland AJ, Gellatly, MS, Soni S, Patterson M, et al. Neural representations of hunger and satiety in Prader-Willi syndrome. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006;30:313–21.10.1038/sj.ijo.0803128Search in Google Scholar PubMed

17. Holsen LM, Savage CR, Martin LE, Bruce AS, Lepping RJ, et al. Importance of reward and prefrontal circuitry in hunger and satiety: Prader-Willi syndrome vs simple obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012;36:638–47.10.1038/ijo.2011.204Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

18. Tauber M, Diene G, Mimoun E, Çabal-Berthoumieu S, Mantoulan C, et al. Prader-Willi syndrome as a model of human hyperphagia. Front Horm Res 2014;42:93–106.10.1159/000358317Search in Google Scholar PubMed

19. Jauregi J, Laurier V, Copet P, Tauber M, Thuilleaux D. Behavioral profile of adults with Prader-Willi syndrome: correlations with individual and environmental variables. J Neurodev Disord 2013;5:18.10.1186/1866-1955-5-18Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

20. Napolitano DA, Zarcone J, Nielsen S, Wang H, Caliendo JM. Perceptions of body image by persons with Prader-Willi syndrome and their parents. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil 2010;115:43–53.10.1352/1944-7558-115.1.43Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

21. Caliandro P, Grugni G, Padua L, Kodra Y, Tonali P, et al. Quality of life assessment in a sample of patients affected by Prader-Willi syndrome. J Paediatr Child Health 2007;43:826–30.10.1111/j.1440-1754.2007.01200.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

22. Plesa-Skwerer D, Sullivan K, Joffre K, Tager-Flusberg H. Self concept in people with Williams syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome 2004;25:119–38.10.1016/j.ridd.2003.05.003Search in Google Scholar

23. Allen KL, Byrne SM, Blair EM, Davis EA. Why do some overweight children experience psychological problems? The role of weight and shape concern. Int J Pediatr Obes 2006;1:239–47.10.1080/17477160600913552Search in Google Scholar

24. Federführend für die AGA (Wabitsch M, Kunze D.). Konsensbasierte (S2) Leitlinie zur Diagnostik, Therapie und Prävention von Übergewicht und Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter: Guidelines of the Workgroup for Adiposity in Childhood and Adolescence. Available at: http://aga.adipositas-gesellschaft.de/fileadmin/PDF/Leitlinien/AGA_S2_Leitlinie.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

25. Quante M, Hesse M, Döhnert M, Fuchs M, Hirsch C, et al. The LIFE child study: a life course approach to disease and health. BMC Public Health 2012;12:1021.10.1186/1471-2458-12-1021Search in Google Scholar

26. Wechsler D. Manual for the Wechsler intelligence scale for children – revised. New York, NY: Psychological Corporation, 1974.Search in Google Scholar

27. Wechsler D. Wechsler adult intelligence scale manual. New York, NY: Psychological Corporation, 1955.Search in Google Scholar

28. Mendelson BK, White DR. Relation between body-esteem and self-esteem of obese and normal children. Percept Mot Skills 1982;54:899–905.10.2466/pms.1982.54.3.899Search in Google Scholar

29. Bender C. Körperunzufriedenheit und körperbezogene Informationsverarbeitung bei Kindern [Dissertation]. Freiburg: Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau, 2011.Search in Google Scholar

30. Tiggemann M, Wilson-Barrett E. Children’s figure ratings: relationship to self-esteem and negative stereotyping 1998;23:83–8.10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199801)23:1<83::AID-EAT10>3.0.CO;2-OSearch in Google Scholar

31. Hilbert A, Tuschen-Caffier B. Eating disorder examination-questionnaire: deutschsprachige übersetzung, 1st ed. Münster, Germany: Verlag für Psychotherapie, 2006.10.1037/t65624-000Search in Google Scholar

32. Birch LL, Fisher JO, Grimm-Thomas K, Markey CN, Sawyer R, et al. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Child Feeding Questionnaire: a measure of parental attitudes, beliefs and practices about child feeding and obesity proneness. Appetite 2001;36:201–10.10.1006/appe.2001.0398Search in Google Scholar

33. Achenbach TM. Manual for child behavior checklist/4–18 and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 1991.Search in Google Scholar

34. Schmeck K, Poustka F, Döpfner M, Pluck J, Berner W, et al. Discriminant validity of the child behaviour checklist CBCL-4/18 in German samples. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001;10:240–7.10.1007/s007870170013Search in Google Scholar

35. Wahl S. CBCL/4-18 (1998) – Elternfragebogen über das Verhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen: PSYNDEX tests review: ZPID Psychologische Information Leibniz Institut; 2000. Available at: http://www.zpid.de/retrieval/PSYNDEXTests.php?id=9004174.Search in Google Scholar

36. Bölte S, Crecelius K, Poustka F. Der Fragebogen über Verhalten und soziale Kommunikation (VSK) 2000;46:149–55.10.1026//0012-1924.46.3.149Search in Google Scholar

37. Rodgers RF, Paxton SJ, Massey R, Campbell KJ, Wertheim EH, et al. Maternal feeding practices predict weight gain and obesogenic eating behaviors in young children: a prospective study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2013;10:24.10.1186/1479-5868-10-24Search in Google Scholar

38. Campbell K, Andrianopoulos N, Hesketh K, Ball K, Crawford D, et al. Parental use of restrictive feeding practices and child BMI z-score. A 3-year prospective cohort study. Appetite 2010;55:84–8.10.1016/j.appet.2010.04.006Search in Google Scholar

39. Webber L, Cooke L, Hill C, Wardle J. Child adiposity and maternal feeding practices: a longitudinal analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92:1423–8.10.3945/ajcn.2010.30112Search in Google Scholar

40. Bergmeier HJ, Skouteris H, Haycraft E, Haines J, Hooley M. Reported and observed controlling feeding practices predict child eating behavior after 12 months. J Nutr 2015;145:1311–6.10.3945/jn.114.206268Search in Google Scholar

41. Skokauskas N, Sweeny E, Meehan J, Gallagher L. Mental health problems in children with prader-willi syndrome. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012;21:194–203.10.1016/S0924-9338(11)72063-6Search in Google Scholar

42. Bennett JA, Germani T, Haqq AM, Zwaigenbaum L. Autism spectrum disorder in Prader-Willi syndrome: a systematic review. Am J Med Genet A 2015;167A:2936–44.10.1002/ajmg.a.37286Search in Google Scholar PubMed

43. Greaves N, Prince E, Evans DW, Charman T. Repetitive and ritualistic behaviour in children with Prader-Willi syndrome and children with autism. J Intellect Disabil Res 2006;50(Pt 2): 92–100.10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00726.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

44. Song DK, Sawada M, Yokota S, Kuroda K, Uenishi H, et al. Comparative analysis of autistic traits and behavioral disorders in Prader-Willi syndrome and Asperger disorder. Am J Med Genet A 2015;167A:64–8.10.1002/ajmg.a.36787Search in Google Scholar PubMed

45. Hodgetts S, Nicholas D, Zwaigenbaum L, McConnell D. Parents’ and professionals’ perceptions of family-centered care for children with autism spectrum disorder across service sectors. Soc Sci Med 2013;96:138–46.10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.07.012Search in Google Scholar PubMed

46. Birch LL, Fisher JO, Davison KK. Learning to overeat: maternal use of restrictive feeding practices promotes girls’ eating in the absence of hunger. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:215–20.10.1093/ajcn/78.2.215Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Received: 2016-3-7

Accepted: 2016-4-24

Published Online: 2016-6-22

Published in Print: 2016-8-1

You are currently not able to access this content.

Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2016-0085

Keywords for this article

behavior; children; eating disorder; obesity; Prader-Willi syndrome