Retrospective evaluation of pubertal development and linear growth of girls with Turner Syndrome treated with oral and transdermal estrogen
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the pubertal development and linear growth of Turner Syndrome (TS) girls regularly monitored in our department.
Patients and methods: The data of 13 patients with TS were evaluated retrospectively. Left hand radiograms were evaluated by three different pediatric endocrinologists to determine bone ages.
Results: Six (46.2%) of the TS girls were treated with oral estrogens, while 7 (53.8%) were treated with transdermal estrogen. The ratios of chronological age (CA) difference to bone age (BA) difference (ΔCA/ΔBA) in two groups of patients treated with estrogen were compared at the time of the last control. The ΔCA/ΔBA ratio in the transdermal estrogen-treated group was significantly higher (p=0.005). These results suggest slower BA progression in the TS girls treated with transdermal estrogen.
Conclusion: BA advancement is less significant with transdermal estrogen, which is associated with adequate breast development.
References
1. Neely EK, Fechner PY, Rosenfeld RG. Turner syndrome. In: Lifshitz F, editor. Pediatric endocrinology, vol. 2, 5th ed. New York: Informa Healthcare, 2007:305–24.Suche in Google Scholar
2. Saenger P. Turner syndrome. In: Sperling MA, editor. Pediatric endocrinology, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2008: 610–61.Suche in Google Scholar
3. Bondy CA. Care of girls and women with Turner syndrome: a guideline of the Turner syndrome study group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:10–25.10.1210/jc.2006-1374Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
4. Silva Negrios LP, Bolina ER, Guimarães MM. Pubertal development profile in patients with Turner syndrome. J Pediatr Endocr Met 2014;27:845–49.10.1515/jpem-2013-0256Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
5. Rosenfeld RG. Turner syndrome: a guide for physicians, 2nd ed. Turner’s Syndrome Society 1992:1–24.Suche in Google Scholar
6. Saenger P, Wikland KA, Conway GS, Davenport M, Gravholt CH, et al. Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:3061–9.10.1210/jc.86.7.3061Suche in Google Scholar
7. Chernausek SD, Attie KM, Cara JF, Rosenfeld RG, Frane J. Growth hormone therapy of Turner syndrome: the impact of age of estrogen replacement on final height. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:2439–45.10.1210/jc.85.7.2439Suche in Google Scholar
8. Cacciari E, Mazzanti L. Final height of patients with Turner’s syndrome treated with growth hormone (GH): indications for GH therapy alone at high doses and late estrogen therapy. Italian Study Group for Turner Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:4510–5.Suche in Google Scholar
9. Rosenfield RL, Devine N, Hunold JJ, Mauras N, Moshang T Jr, et al. Salutary effects of combining early very low-dose systemic estradiol with growth hormone therapy in girls with Turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:6424–30.10.1210/jc.2005-1081Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
10. Ankarberg-Lindgren C, Elfving M, Wikland KA, Norjavaara E. Nocturnal application of transdermal estradiol patches produces levels of estradiol that mimic those seen at the onset of spontaneous puberty in girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:3039–44.Suche in Google Scholar
11. Soriano-Guillen L, Coste J, Ecosse E, Léger J, Tauber M, et al. Adult height and pubertal growth in Turner syndrome after treatment with recombinant growth hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:5197–204.10.1210/jc.2005-0470Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
12. Piippo S, Lenko H, Kainulainen P, Sipila I. Use of percutaneous estrogen gel for induction of puberty in girls with Turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:3241–7.10.1210/jc.2003-032069Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
13. Bertelloni S, Dati E, Baroncelli GI. Disorders of sex development: hormonal management in adolescence. Gynecol Endocrinol 2008;24:339–46.10.1080/09513590802055708Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
14. Lyon AJ, Preece MA, Grant DB. Growth curve for girls with Turner syndrome. Arch Dis Child 1985;60:932–5.10.1136/adc.60.10.932Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
15. Kiess W, Conway G, Ritzen M, Rosenfield R, Bernasconi S, et al. Induction of puberty in the hypogonadal girl: practices and attitudes of pediatric endocrinologists in Europe. HormRes 2002;57:66–71.10.1159/000057952Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
16. Drobac S, Rubin K, Rogol AD, Rosenfield RL. A workshop on pubertal hormone placement options in the United States. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2006;19:55–64.10.1515/JPEM.2006.19.1.55Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
17. Van Pareren YK, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SM, Stijnen T, Sas TC, Jansen M, et al. Final height in girls with Turner Syndrome after long-term growth hormone treatment in three dosages and low dose estrogens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:1119–25.10.1210/jc.2002-021171Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
18. Carel JC, Ecosse E, Bastie-Sigeac I, Cabrol S, Tauber M, et al. Quality of life determinants in young women with Turner’s syndrome after growth hormone treatment: results of the StaTur population-based cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:1992–7.10.1210/jc.2004-1395Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
19. Högler W, Briody J, Moore B, Garnett S, Lu PW, et al. Importance of estrogen on bone health in Turner syndrome: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:193–9.10.1210/jc.2003-030799Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
20. Akierman SV, Skappak CD, Girgis R, Ho J. Turner syndrome and apparent absent uterus: a case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Endocr Met 2013;26:587–9.10.1515/jpem-2012-0408Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
21. Bannink EM, van Sassen C, van Buuren S, de Jong FH, Lequin M, et al. Puberty induction in Turner syndrome: results of estrogen treatment on development of secondary sexual characteristics, uterine dimensions and serum hormone levels. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009;70:265–73.10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03446.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
22. Ramos AV, Silva IN, Goulard EM. Turner syndrome searching for better outcomes. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2008;63: 173–8.10.1590/S1807-59322008000200004Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
23. Nabhan ZM, Dimeglio LA, Qi R, Perkins SM, Eugster EA. Conjugated oral versus transdermal estrogen replacement in girls with Turner syndrome: A pilot comparative study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;96:2009–14.10.1210/jc.2008-2123Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
©2015 by De Gruyter
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Highlight: Turner syndrome
- Turner syndrome – working together with patients and their families
- Turner syndrome patients with bicuspid aortic valves and renal malformations exhibit abnormal expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)
- Inhibin B in adolescents and young adults with Turner syndrome
- Mode of initial presentation and chromosomal abnormalities in Irish patients with Turner syndrome: a single-centre experience
- Retrospective evaluation of pubertal development and linear growth of girls with Turner Syndrome treated with oral and transdermal estrogen
- Turner syndrome in Albania and the efficacy of its treatment with growth hormone
- Review articles
- The relation of vitamin D status with metabolic syndrome in childhood and adolescence: an update
- Putting the pieces together: cryptorchidism – do we know everything?
- Original articles
- Investigation of androgen receptor gene mutations in a series of 21 patients with 46,XY disorders of sex development
- Molecular diagnosis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) in Turkish children by using targeted next-generation sequencing
- Association of physical activity level with depression, anxiety, and quality of life in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Neonatal diabetes in Ukraine: incidence, genetics, clinical phenotype and treatment
- The effect of intraoperative administration of dexamethasone for PONV prophylaxis on perioperative blood glucose level in obese and normal weight children
- Are obesity and metabolic syndrome associated with plasma adropin levels in children?
- Carnitine insufficiency in children with inborn errors of metabolism: prevalence and treatment efficacy
- Comparison of energy expenditure, body composition, metabolic disorders, and energy intake between obese children with a history of craniopharyngioma and children with multifactorial obesity
- Effect of serum cholesterol on bone mineral density in normal-weight children and adolescents
- Assessment of bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in normal short boys
- Long-term treatment for hyperphenylalaninemia and phenylketonuria: a risk for nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency?
- Risk factors affecting the development of nephrocalcinosis, the most common complication of hypophosphatemic rickets
- Children with hyperthyroidism younger than age 7 require higher mg/kg doses of methimazole to normalize free T4 compared to older children
- Effects of bisphosphonates to treat osteoporosis in children with cerebral palsy: a meta-analysis
- AMH levels at central precocious puberty and premature thelarche: is it a parameter?
- Validating Paediatric Morphometrics: body proportion measurement using photogrammetric anthropometry
- Treatment of central precocious puberty and early puberty with GnRH analog in girls with Williams-Beuren syndrome
- Short communication
- Pilot study on the dietary habits and lifestyles of girls with idiopathic precocious puberty from the city of Rome: potential impact of exposure to flame retardant polybrominated diphenyl ethers
- Patient reports
- Hypomagnesemia due to two novel TRPM6 mutations
- A novel mutation of AMH in three siblings with persistent Mullerian duct syndrome
- Kocher-Debré-Semelaigne syndrome with rhabdomyolysis and increased creatinine
- Anaphylaxis to gonadorelin acetate in a girl with central precocious puberty
- Efficacy and safety of sirolimus in a neonate with persistent hypoglycaemia following near-total pancreatectomy for hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Highlight: Turner syndrome
- Turner syndrome – working together with patients and their families
- Turner syndrome patients with bicuspid aortic valves and renal malformations exhibit abnormal expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)
- Inhibin B in adolescents and young adults with Turner syndrome
- Mode of initial presentation and chromosomal abnormalities in Irish patients with Turner syndrome: a single-centre experience
- Retrospective evaluation of pubertal development and linear growth of girls with Turner Syndrome treated with oral and transdermal estrogen
- Turner syndrome in Albania and the efficacy of its treatment with growth hormone
- Review articles
- The relation of vitamin D status with metabolic syndrome in childhood and adolescence: an update
- Putting the pieces together: cryptorchidism – do we know everything?
- Original articles
- Investigation of androgen receptor gene mutations in a series of 21 patients with 46,XY disorders of sex development
- Molecular diagnosis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) in Turkish children by using targeted next-generation sequencing
- Association of physical activity level with depression, anxiety, and quality of life in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Neonatal diabetes in Ukraine: incidence, genetics, clinical phenotype and treatment
- The effect of intraoperative administration of dexamethasone for PONV prophylaxis on perioperative blood glucose level in obese and normal weight children
- Are obesity and metabolic syndrome associated with plasma adropin levels in children?
- Carnitine insufficiency in children with inborn errors of metabolism: prevalence and treatment efficacy
- Comparison of energy expenditure, body composition, metabolic disorders, and energy intake between obese children with a history of craniopharyngioma and children with multifactorial obesity
- Effect of serum cholesterol on bone mineral density in normal-weight children and adolescents
- Assessment of bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in normal short boys
- Long-term treatment for hyperphenylalaninemia and phenylketonuria: a risk for nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency?
- Risk factors affecting the development of nephrocalcinosis, the most common complication of hypophosphatemic rickets
- Children with hyperthyroidism younger than age 7 require higher mg/kg doses of methimazole to normalize free T4 compared to older children
- Effects of bisphosphonates to treat osteoporosis in children with cerebral palsy: a meta-analysis
- AMH levels at central precocious puberty and premature thelarche: is it a parameter?
- Validating Paediatric Morphometrics: body proportion measurement using photogrammetric anthropometry
- Treatment of central precocious puberty and early puberty with GnRH analog in girls with Williams-Beuren syndrome
- Short communication
- Pilot study on the dietary habits and lifestyles of girls with idiopathic precocious puberty from the city of Rome: potential impact of exposure to flame retardant polybrominated diphenyl ethers
- Patient reports
- Hypomagnesemia due to two novel TRPM6 mutations
- A novel mutation of AMH in three siblings with persistent Mullerian duct syndrome
- Kocher-Debré-Semelaigne syndrome with rhabdomyolysis and increased creatinine
- Anaphylaxis to gonadorelin acetate in a girl with central precocious puberty
- Efficacy and safety of sirolimus in a neonate with persistent hypoglycaemia following near-total pancreatectomy for hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia