Abstract
To enhance the transmission capacity for energy consumption and low cost system, mode division multiplexing (MDM) using mode 0 and mode 1 is proposed and investigated. A pair of eight downlink and uplink wavelengths is transmitted by using each MDM mode in an integrated bidirectional next generation passive optical network and free space optics (NGPON–FSO) system at 10 Gbps per channel transmission rate under the impact of FSO–fiber links impairments. Simulation results indicate that received power of −21.2 dBm with 0.2 dB power penalty can be obtained over 1 km FSO and 100 m multimode fiber under unfavourable turbulent effects. The system provides extended FSO link range, and fiber range of 150 km and 600 m respectively at threshold limit of 10−3. Besides, the mathematical analysis depicts the receiver sensitivity and splitter power budget of 42 dBm and 18 dB, respectively, for the proposed system. The system offers finest performance than other pre-existing systems.
-
Research ethics: Not applicable.
-
Author contributions: The author has accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Competing interests: The author states no conflict of interest.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Data availability: Not applicable.
References
1. Lu, Y, Cao, L, Wu, S, Mi, X, Jiang, L, Zhai, Y, et al.. A novel smooth evolution to TWDM PON based on wavelength complement coding. Opt Fiber Technol 2022;74:103053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2022.103053.Suche in Google Scholar
2. Lu, Y, Cao, L, Jiang, L, Mi, X, Wu, S, Zhai, Y, et al.. A smooth PON evolution based on PAM4 complement code. Opt Fiber Technol 2022;74:103058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2022.103058.Suche in Google Scholar
3. Fazea, Y, Amphawan, A, Al-Gumaei, YA, Al-Samman, AM, Mugahed Al-Rahmi, W. Modes power equalization based-singular value decomposition in mode division multiplexing systems for multi-hungry bandwidth applications. Opt Fiber Technol 2021;61:102389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2020.102389.Suche in Google Scholar
4. Asif, R, Haithem, M. 10 Gbit/s mode-multiplexed QPSK transmission using MDM-to-MFDM based single coherent receiver for intra- and inter data center networking. Opt Commun 2017;391:106–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2017.01.022.Suche in Google Scholar
5. Ren, F, Li, J, Wu, Z, Hu, T, Yu, J, Mo, Q, et al.. Three-mode mode-division-multiplexing passive optical network over 12-km low mode-crosstalk FMF using all-fiber mode MUX/DEMUX. Opt Commun 2017;383:525–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2016.09.051.Suche in Google Scholar
6. Ge, D, Gao, Y, Yang, Y, Shen, L, Li, Z, Chen, Z, et al.. A 6-LP-mode ultralow-modal-crosstalk double-ring-core FMF for weakly-coupled MDM transmission. Opt Commun 2019;451:97–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2019.06.015.Suche in Google Scholar
7. Zhang, S, Liu, J, Zeng, X, Lu, J, Wei, Y, Qi, R. A modified partitioned frequency domain equalization algorithm for 3-LP mode multiplexed systems with few mode fibers. Optik 2021;229:166291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.166291.Suche in Google Scholar
8. Kumari, M, Arya, V. Realization of high-speed OWC links by incorporating hybrid OCDMA and MDM scheme for HAP-to-satellite applications. Opt Quantum Electron 2024;56:546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-06226-1.Suche in Google Scholar
9. Kumari, M, Arya, V. Wheel-based 5G fronthaul/backhaul hybrid MDM-NGPON/FSO system under gamma-gamma turbulence and weather effects. Int J Commun Syst 2024;37:5647. https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5647.Suche in Google Scholar
10. Kumari, M, Arya, V. Four Laguerre – Gaussian mode – division multiplexed incorporated hybrid XG-PON and FSO gamma gamma fading system under severe weather conditions. Opt Quantum Electron 2024;56:113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05722-8.Suche in Google Scholar
11. Abdulwahhab, AW. Power consumption management in hybrid optical – wireless access network. Opt Fiber Technol 2022;70:102882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2022.102882.Suche in Google Scholar
12. Shao, Q, Zhao, Y, Chen, Y, Gan, C. High-reliability grid architecture supporting discretionary and efficient communication between ONUs in metro-access optical network. Int J Commun Syst 2019;32:e4086. https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4086.Suche in Google Scholar
13. Ali, A, Ali, K, Shaikh, AA. Energy and delay aware routing algorithm for fiber-wireless networks. Wireless Netw 2014;20:1313–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-013-0679-5.Suche in Google Scholar
14. Kumari, M, Sharma, R, Sheetal, A. Performance analysis of high speed backward compatible TWDM-PON with hybrid WDM–OCDMA PON using different OCDMA codes. Opt Quantum Electron 2020;52:1–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02597-x.Suche in Google Scholar
15. Butt, RA, Idrus, SM, Zulkifli, N, Waqar, AM. Comprehensive bandwidth utilization and polling mechanism for XGPON. Int J Commun Syst 2018;31:e3475. https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.3475.Suche in Google Scholar
16. Morsy, MA, Alsayyari, AS. Performance analysis of coherent BPSK-OCDMA wireless communication system. Wireless Netw 2020;26:4491–505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-020-02355-7.Suche in Google Scholar
17. Lu, Y, Cao, L, Hu, L, Li, X, Lv, Y, Zhai, Y, et al.. A smooth PON evolution on one single wavelength based on Manchester code + NRZ modulation. Opt Fiber Technol 2022;68:102786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2021.102786.Suche in Google Scholar
18. Hsueh, Y-L, Rogge, MS, Shaw, W-T, Kim, J, Yamamoto, S, Kazovsky, LG. Smooth upgrade of existing passive optical networks with spectral-shaping line-coding service overlay. J Lightwave Technol 2005;23:2629–37. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2005.853144.Suche in Google Scholar
19. Lu, Y, Gong, Y, Wei, Y, Hu, M, Zhou, X, Li, Q. A smooth and gradual evolution to next generation PON based on simple line-coding. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 2014;26:512–15. https://doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2013.2295859.Suche in Google Scholar
20. Lu, Y, Bi, M, Hu, M, Wei, Y, Yang, G, Zhou, X, et al.. Orthogonal modulation application to achieve flexible migration and colorless ONUs for next generation PON. Opt Commun 2017;403:252–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2017.07.060.Suche in Google Scholar
21. Hou, F, Yang, M. The analysis of system performance of WDM/OCDMA-PON based on DQPSK. Optik 2014;125:4150–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2014.01.094.Suche in Google Scholar
22. Banawan, M, Mishra, SK, Gouin, A, Bacon, N, Guan, X, Wang, L, et al.. Using standard 2 × 2 MIMO to increase capacity of spatial multiplexing with OAM modes. J Lightwave Technol 2023;41:1974–84. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2022.3226628.Suche in Google Scholar
23. Banawan, M, Mishra, SK, Messaddeq, Y, LaRochelle, S, Rusch, LA. Perfect vortex modes for nondestructive characterization of mode dependent loss in ring. J Lightwave Technol 2022;40:6548–59.10.1109/JLT.2022.3195931Suche in Google Scholar
24. Sharma, M, Amirkhan, F, Mishra, SK, Sengupta, D, Messaddeq, Y, Blanchard, F, et al.. Transmission of orbital angular momentum and cylindrical vector beams in a large-bandwidth. Fibers 2020;8:22. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib8040022.Suche in Google Scholar
25. Mishra, AK, Mishra, SK. MgF 2 prism/rhodium/graphene: efficient refractive index sensing structure in optical domain. J Phys Condens Matter 2023;29:145001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/aa5e40.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
26. Kumari, M, Banawan, M, Arya, V, Mishra, SK. Investigation of OFDM-based HS-PON using front-end LiFiSystem for 5G networks. Photonics 2023;10:1384. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121384.Suche in Google Scholar
27. Kumari, M, Sharma, R, Sheetal, A. A hybrid next-generation passive optical network and visible light communication for future hospital applications. Optik 2021;242:166978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.166978.Suche in Google Scholar
28. Anuar, MS, Aljunid, SA, Saad, NM, Hamzah, SM. New design of spectral amplitude coding in OCDMA with zero cross-correlation. Opt Commun 2009;282:2659–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2009.03.079.Suche in Google Scholar
29. Kumari, M. Modeling of disaster resilience 5G fronthaul/backhaul hybrid ring-mesh topology based PON/FSO system using 2D-modified FRS code. Opt Quantum Electron 2023;55:1098. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05398-0.Suche in Google Scholar
30. Pagare, RA, Kumar, S, Mishra, A. Design and analysis of hybrid optical distribution network for worst-case scenario of E2-class symmetric coexistence 80 Gbps TWDM NG-PON2 architecture for FTTX access networks. Optik 2021;228:166168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.166168.Suche in Google Scholar
31. Kumari, M, Sharma, A, Chaudhary, S. High-speed spiral-phase donut-modes-based hybrid FSO-MMF communication system by incorporating OCDMA scheme. Photonics 2023;10:1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10010094.Suche in Google Scholar
32. Amphawan, A, Chaudhary, S, Chan, V. Optical millimeter wave mode division multiplexing of LG and HG modes for OFDM Ro-FSO system. Opt Commun 2019;431:245–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2018.07.054.Suche in Google Scholar
33. Ding, Q, Zheng, L, Liu, H, Li, J, Guo, X, Cheng, X, et al.. Design and performance analysis of hybrid multidimensional OAM-DM-WDM-OFDM-PON system with high-capacity and long-distance transmission. Photonics 2022;9:448. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9070448.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Comparative study of single pump all optical fiber amplifiers (POAs) with ultra wide band and high gain fiber optic parametric amplifiers in highly nonlinear fibers
- Dense wavelength division multiplexing scheme based on effective distributed inline light fiber Raman amplifier configuration
- Four wave mixing, average amplified spontaneous emission, and channel spacing effects on the optical transceiver systems based on multi pumped Raman amplifiers
- High efficient net gain and low noise figure based vertical cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers for wavelength division multiplexing applications
- Hybrid pumped laser sources based hybrid traveling wave SOA and optical EDFA amplifies for signal quality improvement
- Devices
- The effect of misalignment on the coupling optics involving laser diode and single-mode triangular index fiber with an upside down tapered hyperbolic microlens on its tip
- Fibers
- Investigation of hybrid chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber for MIR supercontinuum generation and optical communication
- Verified of leakage loss, birefringence, nonlinear parameters and total number of modes in silica/silica doped and plastic fibers for fiber system efficiency improvement
- Total losses and dispersion effects management and upgrading fiber reach in ultra-high optical transmission system based on hybrid amplification system
- Various graded index plastic optical fiber performance signature capability with the optimum dispersion control for indoor coverage applications
- Lasers
- Optically injected quantum dot lasers and its complex dynamics
- Light emitting diode and laser diode system behaviour description and their performance signature measurements
- Networks
- Spectrum fragmentation-aware dynamic network slicing deployment in computing power networks based on elastic optical networks
- Investigation of 16 × 10 Gbps mode division multiplexed enabled integrated NGPON–FSO architecture under wired-wireless link losses
- Systems
- Free space optical communication system: a review of practical constraints, applications, and challenges
- High modulation effects on hybrid optical fiber links and OWC Channel based on optical DP-QSK transceiver systems
- Optical communication enhanced IDMBOC for maximizing backhaul-effect & maintaining optimum cell sizes
- Mitigating attenuation effects in free-space optics using WDM under variable atmospheric conditions
- Performance analysis of variable-gain amplify and forward relayed hybrid FSO/VLC communication system
- Wavelength division multiplexing of free space optical system under the effect of oil fire smoke
- A hybrid approach combining OFC and FSO for multichannel connectivity
- Performance analysis of 4QAM-OFDM-FSO link under rain weather conditions
- Exploring FSO link performance in varied atmospheric conditions to optimize 5G communication with a polarized quasi-diffuse transmitter
- Transmitter diversity and OAM incorporated 40 Gbps free space optical system
- Minimization of dispersion and non-linear effects in WDM based long-haul high capacity optical communication systems
- Retraction
- Retraction of: 76 articles published in Journal of Optical Communications
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Comparative study of single pump all optical fiber amplifiers (POAs) with ultra wide band and high gain fiber optic parametric amplifiers in highly nonlinear fibers
- Dense wavelength division multiplexing scheme based on effective distributed inline light fiber Raman amplifier configuration
- Four wave mixing, average amplified spontaneous emission, and channel spacing effects on the optical transceiver systems based on multi pumped Raman amplifiers
- High efficient net gain and low noise figure based vertical cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers for wavelength division multiplexing applications
- Hybrid pumped laser sources based hybrid traveling wave SOA and optical EDFA amplifies for signal quality improvement
- Devices
- The effect of misalignment on the coupling optics involving laser diode and single-mode triangular index fiber with an upside down tapered hyperbolic microlens on its tip
- Fibers
- Investigation of hybrid chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber for MIR supercontinuum generation and optical communication
- Verified of leakage loss, birefringence, nonlinear parameters and total number of modes in silica/silica doped and plastic fibers for fiber system efficiency improvement
- Total losses and dispersion effects management and upgrading fiber reach in ultra-high optical transmission system based on hybrid amplification system
- Various graded index plastic optical fiber performance signature capability with the optimum dispersion control for indoor coverage applications
- Lasers
- Optically injected quantum dot lasers and its complex dynamics
- Light emitting diode and laser diode system behaviour description and their performance signature measurements
- Networks
- Spectrum fragmentation-aware dynamic network slicing deployment in computing power networks based on elastic optical networks
- Investigation of 16 × 10 Gbps mode division multiplexed enabled integrated NGPON–FSO architecture under wired-wireless link losses
- Systems
- Free space optical communication system: a review of practical constraints, applications, and challenges
- High modulation effects on hybrid optical fiber links and OWC Channel based on optical DP-QSK transceiver systems
- Optical communication enhanced IDMBOC for maximizing backhaul-effect & maintaining optimum cell sizes
- Mitigating attenuation effects in free-space optics using WDM under variable atmospheric conditions
- Performance analysis of variable-gain amplify and forward relayed hybrid FSO/VLC communication system
- Wavelength division multiplexing of free space optical system under the effect of oil fire smoke
- A hybrid approach combining OFC and FSO for multichannel connectivity
- Performance analysis of 4QAM-OFDM-FSO link under rain weather conditions
- Exploring FSO link performance in varied atmospheric conditions to optimize 5G communication with a polarized quasi-diffuse transmitter
- Transmitter diversity and OAM incorporated 40 Gbps free space optical system
- Minimization of dispersion and non-linear effects in WDM based long-haul high capacity optical communication systems
- Retraction
- Retraction of: 76 articles published in Journal of Optical Communications