Home Evolution of Adder and Subtractor Circuit Using Si3N4 Microring Resonator
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Evolution of Adder and Subtractor Circuit Using Si3N4 Microring Resonator

  • Ankur Saharia EMAIL logo , Ashish Kumar Ghunawat , Manish Tiwari , Anton V. Bourdine , Vladimir A. Burdin , Ravi Kumar Maddila and Ghanshyam Singh
Published/Copyright: October 19, 2019
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Journal of Optical Communications
From the journal Journal of Optical Communications Volume 44 Issue 4

Abstract

All-optical processor capable of processing optical bits has been a long-standing goal of photonics. In this paper, we report the results obtained by numerical simulations regarding the designing of an all-optical combinational circuit of an adder and subtractor circuits based on Si3N4 microring resonators. The designs of combinational circuit like adders and subtractor based on the use of all-optical basic logic gates are discussed while presenting the numerically simulated results. Extinction ratios of 5.2 dB, 3.5 dB and 2.7 dB are obtained for the half adder, full adder and half subtractor, respectively.

Keywords: all-optical; microring resonator; logic gates; adder; subtractor

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful Department of ECE of Malviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur and Department of TEQIP-III, MNIT, Jaipur.

Appendix A: Miscellaneous Equations

The amplitude of mode energy of the cavity is given by

(3) d a d t = j ω r e s − 1 2 1 τ l o s s + 2 τ c o u p a + 1 τ c o u p e x p j θ s i

where a is the mode energy amplitude in the microring resonator, ω r e s is the resonant wavelength, s i is the input pulse amplitude, τ l o s s is the cavity loss rate or

(4) θ = 4 π 2 n R 1 λ r e s − 1 λ

where n is the refractive index of the cavity material, R is the radius of the cavity, λ r e s is the resonant wavelength and λ is the input wavelength. The signal amplitude at the transmit port and the drop port of the add drop filter is given by

(5) s t = e x p − j β d × s i − 1 τ c o u p e x p − j θ a
(6) s d = e x p − j β d × 1 τ c o u p a

β gives the constant of propagation in waveguide and cavity. Coupling coefficient between waveguides (ring and straight) is given by

(7) κ ( s ) = ω ε 0 cos ( k x w 2 ) ( n 2 − n 0 2 ) 2 P ( k x 2 + α 2 ) × π R α e x p ( − α ( s + w 2 ) )   × [ α cos ( k x w 2 ) sinh ( α w 2 ) + k x sin ( k x w 2 ) cosh ( α w 2 ) ]

where ω represents the angular frequency of signal k x denoted the constant of transverse propagation, decaying factor of cladding evanescent field is represented by a, waveguide width is w, n and n 0 is refractive index of the waveguide and cladding, respectively, radius of cavity is R and s is gap distance between waveguides (bus and ring), power in the mode is given by

(8) P = \betaa 2 \omegaa \muu 0 w 2 + 1 α
(9) k x = n 2 k 2 − β 2
(10) α = β 2 − n 0 2 k 2

k represents wave vector in a vacuum, coupling time constant is then calculated as

(11) τ c o u p = \pii R n c κ 2

References

1. Dai B, Shimizu S, Wang X, Wada N. Simultaneous all-optical half-adder and half-subtractor based on two Semiconductor optical amplifiers. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett. 2013;25:1.10.1109/LPT.2012.2228847Search in Google Scholar

2. Gayen DK, Chattopadhyay T. Designing of optimized all-optical half adder circuit using Single quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometer. J Lightwave Technol. 2013;31:12.10.1109/JLT.2013.2263251Search in Google Scholar

3. Kaur S, Kaler RS, Kamal TS. All-optical binary full adder using logic operations based on the nonlinear properties of a semiconductor optical amplifier. J Opt Soc Korea. 2015;19:3.10.3807/JOSK.2015.19.3.222Search in Google Scholar

4. Kumar A, Kumar S, Raghuwanshi SK. Implementation of full-adder and full-Subtractor based on electro-optic effect in Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Opt Commun. 2014;324:93–107.10.1016/j.optcom.2014.03.045Search in Google Scholar

5. Singh K, Kaur G, Singh ML. A single As2Se3 chalcogenide highly non-linear Fiber (HNLF) based simultaneous all-optical half-adder and half-subtractor. Opt Fiber Technol Elsevier. 2015;24:56–63.10.1016/j.yofte.2015.04.010Search in Google Scholar

6. Jiang Y-C, Liu S-B, Zhang H-F, Kong X-K. Realization of all optical half-adder based on self-collimated beams by Two-dimensional photonic crystals. Opt Commun Elsevier. 2015;348:90–4.10.1016/j.optcom.2015.03.011Search in Google Scholar

7. Ghadrdan M, Mansouri-Birjandi MA. Opt Quant Electron Concurrent implementation of all-optical half-Adder and AND & XOR logic gates based on nonlinear photonic crystal. 2013;45:1027–36.10.1007/s11082-013-9713-1Search in Google Scholar

8. Rakshit JK, Chattopadhyay T, Roy JN. Design of micro ring resonator based all optical Adder/subtractor. Prog in Theor Appl Phys. 2013;1:32–43.Search in Google Scholar

9. Abhishek Godbole PP, Dali VJ, Tanabe T, Singh G. All optical scalable logic gates using Si3N4 microring Resonators. IEEE J Sel Top In Quant Electron. 2016;22:5900308.10.1109/JSTQE.2016.2593278Search in Google Scholar

10. Ikeda K, Saperstein RE, Alic N, Fainman Y. Thermal and Kerr nonlinear properties of plasma-deposited Silicon nitride/silicon dioxide waveguides. Opt Express. 2008;16:12987–94.10.1364/OE.16.012987Search in Google Scholar PubMed

11. Bogaerts W, De Heyn P, Van Vaerenbergh T, De Vos K, Kumar Selvaraja S, Claes T, et al. Silicon microring resonators. Laser Photon Rev. 2012;6:47–73.10.1002/lpor.201100017Search in Google Scholar

12. Fushimi, Tanabe T. Opt Express. 2014:22.10.1364/OE.22.004466Search in Google Scholar PubMed

13. Dali PP, Godbole A, Sahu S, Singh G, Tanabe T. Microring Resonator Based All Optical NAND and NOT Gate with Higher Output Power. Proceedings of Asia Communications and Photonics Conference, 2015.10.1364/ACPC.2015.ASu2A.28Search in Google Scholar

14. Soysouvanh S, Phongsanam P, Mitatha S, Ali J, Yupapin P, Amiri IS, et al. Ultrafast all-optical ALU operation using a soliton control within the cascaded InGaAsP/InP microring circuits. Microsyst Technol. 2018;25:431–40.10.1007/s00542-018-4011-2Search in Google Scholar

15. Oliveira MVN, Coelho AG, Jr CS, Sobrinho AC, Ferreira JC, Sales JRR. A new modulation method to generate all-optical logic gates in an AOTF. Microsyst Technol. 2017;23:5491–503.10.1007/s00542-017-3352-6Search in Google Scholar

16. Ferreira C, Sobrinho CS, Guimarães GF, Sousa JRR. All-optical logic gates based on XPM effect under the PAM-ASK Modulation in a symmetric dual NLDC. Microsyst Technol. 2018;25:447–59.10.1007/s00542-018-4016-xSearch in Google Scholar

17. Ramachandran, Wang S, Clarke J, Ja SJ, Goad D, Wald L, et al. A universal biosensing platform based on Optical micro-ring resonators. Biosens Bioelectron. 2008;23:939–44.10.1016/j.bios.2007.09.007Search in Google Scholar PubMed

18. Little BE, Chu ST, Haus HA, Foresi J, Laine JP. Microring resonator channel dropping filters. J Lightwave Technol. 1997;15:998–1005.10.1109/50.588673Search in Google Scholar

19. Pornsuwancharoen N, Youplao P, Aziz MA, Ali J, Singh G, Amiri IS, et al. Characteristics of microring circuit using plasmonic island driven electron mobility. Microsyst Technol. 2018;24:3573–7.10.1007/s00542-018-3774-9Search in Google Scholar

20. Phongsanam P, Tumrongwittyapak C, Wongkumsin S, Saejiw O, Muangsong I. All-optical decoder using modified add-drop filter. Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON), 2017:1–4.10.1109/IEECON.2017.8075863Search in Google Scholar

21. Lacava C, Steven Stankovic AZ, Dominguez Bucio KT, Gardes FY, Reed GT, Richardson DJ, et al. Si-rich silicon nitride for nonlinear signal processing applications. Scientific Reports, Nature. 2017:7. Article number: 22.10.1038/s41598-017-00062-6Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

22. Cosimo Lacava MA, Ettabib PP. Nonlinear silicon photonic signal processing devices for future optical Networks. Appl Sci. 2017;7:103. DOI:0.3390/app7010103.Search in Google Scholar
Received: 2019-01-25
Accepted: 2019-09-30
Published Online: 2019-10-19
Published in Print: 2023-10-26

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Amplifiers
  3. Effect of carrier (hole) temperature on performance of optical amplifiers quantum dot structure
  4. Devices
  5. 1 × 2 power splitter based on photonics crystals fibers
  6. Evolution of Adder and Subtractor Circuit Using Si3N4 Microring Resonator
  7. Fibers
  8. Different Photonic Crystal Fibers Configurations with the Key Solutions for the Optimization of Data Rates Transmission
  9. Networks
  10. Design and implementation of OLT switching function in 40/10G TDM-PON experimental system
  11. A parallel cross-connection recovery scheme for dual link failure in elastic optical networks
  12. A Brief Review on the Methods that Improve Optical Burst Switching Network Performance
  13. MBO-Based Bandwidth Allocation and Traffic Coloring Optimization in PON
  14. HMM-Based Secure Framework for Optical Fog Devices in the Optical Fog/Cloud Network
  15. Attack-Aware Dynamic Upstream Bandwidth Assignment Scheme for Passive Optical Network
  16. Systems
  17. 2 × 10 Gbit/s–10 GHz Radio over Free Space Optics Transmission System Incorporating Mode Division Multiplexing of Hermite Gaussian Modes
  18. Impact of Rayleigh-Distributed PAPR on the Performance of a Pre-Clipped DCO-OFDM System
  19. Suitability of FBG for Gain Flatness of 64 × 10 Gbps DWDM System Using Hybrid (EDFA+YDFA) Optical Amplifier in C + L Band up to 50 GHz (0.4 nm) Channel Spacing
  20. BER Performance Analysis of an Orthogonal FDM Free Space Optical Communication System with Homodyne Optical Receiver over Turbulent Atmospheric Channel
  21. Theory
  22. Numerical Analysis of Soliton Propagation in a Tapered Waveguide
  23. New Optical Codes Based on Construction of Parity Check Matrix of LDPC Codes
  24. Performance Analysis of 20 Gbit/s–40 GHz MDM-Ro-FSO Link Incorporating DPSK Modulation Scheme
https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2019-0028
Keywords for this article
all-optical; microring resonator; logic gates; adder; subtractor

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Amplifiers
  3. Effect of carrier (hole) temperature on performance of optical amplifiers quantum dot structure
  4. Devices
  5. 1 × 2 power splitter based on photonics crystals fibers
  6. Evolution of Adder and Subtractor Circuit Using Si3N4 Microring Resonator
  7. Fibers
  8. Different Photonic Crystal Fibers Configurations with the Key Solutions for the Optimization of Data Rates Transmission
  9. Networks
  10. Design and implementation of OLT switching function in 40/10G TDM-PON experimental system
  11. A parallel cross-connection recovery scheme for dual link failure in elastic optical networks
  12. A Brief Review on the Methods that Improve Optical Burst Switching Network Performance
  13. MBO-Based Bandwidth Allocation and Traffic Coloring Optimization in PON
  14. HMM-Based Secure Framework for Optical Fog Devices in the Optical Fog/Cloud Network
  15. Attack-Aware Dynamic Upstream Bandwidth Assignment Scheme for Passive Optical Network
  16. Systems
  17. 2 × 10 Gbit/s–10 GHz Radio over Free Space Optics Transmission System Incorporating Mode Division Multiplexing of Hermite Gaussian Modes
  18. Impact of Rayleigh-Distributed PAPR on the Performance of a Pre-Clipped DCO-OFDM System
  19. Suitability of FBG for Gain Flatness of 64 × 10 Gbps DWDM System Using Hybrid (EDFA+YDFA) Optical Amplifier in C + L Band up to 50 GHz (0.4 nm) Channel Spacing
  20. BER Performance Analysis of an Orthogonal FDM Free Space Optical Communication System with Homodyne Optical Receiver over Turbulent Atmospheric Channel
  21. Theory
  22. Numerical Analysis of Soliton Propagation in a Tapered Waveguide
  23. New Optical Codes Based on Construction of Parity Check Matrix of LDPC Codes
  24. Performance Analysis of 20 Gbit/s–40 GHz MDM-Ro-FSO Link Incorporating DPSK Modulation Scheme
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 9.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/joc-2019-0028/html
Scroll to top button