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Isomorphisms of subcategories of fusion systems of blocks and Clifford theory

  • Morton E. Harris EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: March 19, 2020

Abstract

Let k be an algebraically closed field of prime characteristic p. Let G be a finite group, let N be a normal subgroup of G, and let c be a G-stable block of kN so that (kN)c is a p-permutation G-algebra. As in Section 8.6 of [M. Linckelmann, The Block Theory of finite Group Algebras: Volume 2, London Math. Soc. Stud. Texts 92, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 2018], a (G,N,c)-Brauer pair (R,fR) consists of a p-subgroup R of G and a block fR of (kCN(R)). If Q is a defect group of c and fQ𝐵(kCN(Q)), then (Q,fQ) is a (G,N,c)-Brauer pair. The (G,N,c)-Brauer pairs form a (finite) poset. Set H=NG(Q,fQ) so that (Q,fQ) is an (H,CN(Q),fQ)-Brauer pair. We extend Lemma 8.6.4 of the above book to show that if (U,fU) is a maximal (G,N,c)-Brauer pair containing (Q,fQ), then (U,fU) is a maximal (H,CN(c),fQ)-Brauer pair containing (Q,fQ) and conversely. Our main result shows that the subcategories of (U,fU)(G,N,c) and (U,fU)(H,CN(Q),fQ) of objects between and including (Q,fQ) and (U,fU) are isomorphic. We close with an application to the Clifford theory of blocks.

Our notation and terminology are standard and tend to follow the notation and terminology of [2, 3, 4].

Let k be an algebraically closed field of prime characteristic p. Let G be a finite group, let NG, and let c𝐵(kN)G. Thus we are in the situation of fusion systems of blocks and Clifford theory of [3, Section 8.6]. This section is devoted to a study of fusion systems arising from the G-algebra (kN)c and the results of [2, Section 5.9].

Thus, by [3, Definition 8.6.1], a (G,N,c)-Brauer pair is a pair (R,fR), where R is a p-subgroup of G and fR𝐵(kCN(R)𝐵𝑟R(c)). The results of [3, Section 8.6] imply that the set of (G,N,c)-Brauer pairs is a (finite) poset under a defined inclusion. Moreover, by [3, Definition 8.6.2 and Theorem 8.6.3], if (P,fP) is a maximal (G,N,c)-Brauer pair, then (P,fP)(G,N,c) is a fusion system on P and (PN)/N𝑆𝑦𝑙p(G/N). Note that all maximal (G,N,c)-Brauer pairs are G-conjugate.

Let Q be a defect group of c𝐵(kN). Thus 𝐵𝑟(c)𝐵(kNN(Q)) with defect group Q and, [4, Theorem 5.5.15], 𝐵𝑟Q(c) corresponds to an orbit Γ of NH(Q) on 𝐵(kCN(Q)) such that Γ is the set of blocks of kCN(Q) that are covered by 𝐵Q(c) and 𝐵𝑟Q(c)=γΓγ is an orthogonal sum of blocks of kCN(Q). Thus {(Q,γ)γΓ} is the set of (G,N,c)-Brauer pairs with first component Q. Let fQΓ.

Let (R,fR) be a maximal (G,N,c)-Brauer pair. Then, as in [3, Section 8.6], RN is a defect group of c𝐵(kN)G. Then there is an xN such that (R,fR)x=(Rx,fRx) is maximal (G,N,c)-Brauer pair that contains (Q,fQ).

Let (P,fP) be a maximal (G,N,c)-Brauer pair that contains (Q,fQ). Thus PN=Q and QPNG(P)NG(Q).

Set

H=NG(Q,fQ)

so that QH, CN(Q)H and (Q,fQ) is an (H,CN(Q),fQ)-Brauer pair. Thus if (U,fU) is a maximal (H,CN(Q),fQ)-Brauer pair that contains (Q,fQ), then (U,fU)(H,CN(Q),fQ) is a fusion system such that

(UCN(Q))/CN(Q)𝑆𝑦𝑙p(H/CN(Q)).

Set

Φ(G,N,c(Q,fQ))={(R,fR)(R,fR)is a(G,N,c)-Brauer pairsuch that(Q,fQ)(R,fR)as(G,N,c)-Brauer pairs}.

Clearly, (Q,fQ)Φ(G,N,c(Q,fQ)).

Similarly, Φ(H,CN(Q),fQ(Q,fQ)) is defined and

(Q,fQ)Φ(H,CN(c),fQ(Q,fQ)).

Remark 1.

If (R,fR)Φ(G,N,c(Q,fQ)), then we may choose a maximal (G,N,c)-Brauer pair containing (R,fR) so that RN=Q. Thus

QRNG(R)NG(Q).

In fact, NG(R,fR)NG(Q,fQ) by [2, Proposition 5.9.9].

A similar result holds for Φ(H,CN(Q),fQ(Q,fQ)).

As suggested by [3, Lemma 8.6.4]:

Lemma 2.

Let S be a p-subgroup of G such that QS, and let e𝐵(kCN(S)). The following two conditions are equivalent:

  1. (S,e)Φ(G,N,c(Q,fQ));

  2. (S,e)Φ(H,CN(Q),fQ(Q,fQ)).

Proof.

Assume (a). Then QS, and fQ is the unique S-stable block of kCN(Q) such that 𝐵𝑟S(fQ)e=e. Since CN(S)=CCN(Q)(S), (b) holds. The proof of the converse is similar. ∎

Let S,T be p-subgroups of G such that QST, and let fS𝐵(kCN(S)) and fT𝐵(kCN(T)) be such that

(S,fS)Φ(G,N,c(Q,fQ)),
(T,fT)Φ(G,N,c(Q,fQ)).

Thus

(S,fS)Φ(H,CN(Q),fQ(Q,fQ)),
(T,fT)Φ(H,CN(Q),fQ(Q,fQ)).

Lemma 3.

The following two conditions are equivalent:

  1. (S,fS)(T,fT) as (G,N,c)-Brauer pairs;

  2. (S,fS)(T,fT) as (H,CN(Q),fQ)-Brauer pairs.

Proof.

Clearly, we may assume that Q<S<T. We proceed by induction on |T:Q|. Thus we may assume that T is a minimal subgroup of H such that there is a subgroup S of T and a (G,N,c)-Brauer pair (S,fS) such that (a) and (b) are not equivalent for (S,fS) and (T,fT).

Clearly, there is a subgroup R of T such that Q<SRT with R<T. Let fR𝐵(kCN(R)) be the unique (G,N,c)-Brauer pair so that (R,fR)(T,fT) as (G,N,c)-Brauer pairs. Thus fR is the unique T-stable block of kCN(R) such that 𝐵𝑟T(fR)fT=fT. Hence (R,fR) is an (H,CN(Q),fQ)-Brauer pair such that (R,fR)(T,fT) as (H,CN(Q),fQ)-Brauer pairs.

Assume (a). Thus (S,fS)(R,fR) as (G,N,c)-Brauer pairs. Since we have |R:Q|<|T:Q|, we conclude that (S,fS)(R,fR) as (H,CN(Q),fQ)-Brauer pairs. Thus (b) holds.

Assume (b). Then the same argument shows that (a) holds. This contradiction establishes the lemma. ∎

Thus we have:

Corollary 4.

Let (U,fU)Φ(G,N,c(Q,fQ) so that

(U,fU)Φ(H,CN(Q),fQ)(Q,fQ)).

The following two condition are equivalent:

  1. (U,fU) is a maximal (G,N,c)-Brauer pair;

  2. (U,fU) is a maximal (H,CN(Q),fQ)-Brauer pair.

Let (U,fU) satisfy (a) and (b) of Corollary 4. Then (U,fU)(G,N,c) and (U,fU)(H,CN(Q),fQ) are fusion systems by [3, Theorem 8.6.3].

Proposition 5.

Let

(S,fS)Φ(G,N,c(Q,fQ))

be such that (S,fS)(U,fU) as (G,N,,c)-Brauer pairs. Also let (T,fT) be a (G,N,c)-Brauer pair such that (T,fT)(U,fU) as (G,N,c)-Brauer pairs, and let xG be such that (S,fS)x(T,fT) as (G,N,c)-Brauer pairs. Then

  1. xH and (T,fT)Φ(G,N,c(Q,fQ));

  2. (S,fS)x(T,fT) as (H,CN(Q),fQ)-Brauer pairs.

Proof.

Here (Q,fQ)x(T,fT)(U,fU) and (Q,fQ)(U,fU). Since we have QxUN=Q, both (a) and (b) hold. ∎

Our main result is: Let 𝒞 denote the full subcategory of (U,fU)(G,N,c) of objects in Φ(G,N,c(Q,fQ)), and let 𝒟 denote the full subcategory of

(U,fU)(H,CN(Q),fQ(Q,fQ))

of objects in Φ(H,CN(Q),fQ(Q,fQ)). Thus we have:

Theorem 6.

The identity functor I:DC is an isomorphism of categories.

Our last results relate to blocks.

Lemma 7.

Let B𝐵((kG)c) so that Bc=B. Then there is a defect group P of B such that PN=Q and a block fP of kCN(P) such that

(P,fP)Φ(G,N,c(Q,fQ)).

Proof.

We may choose a defect group R of B such that RN=Q. Hence NG(R)NG(Q), CG(R)CG(Q) and CN(R)CN(Q). Here we have that 𝐵𝑟R(B)𝐵(kNG(R)) has defect group R and CN(R)NG(R). Thus there is an orbit Δ of NG(R) on 𝐵(kCN(R)) such that Δ consists of the blocks of kCN(R) that are covered by 𝐵𝑟R(B) and

𝐵𝑟R(B)=𝐵𝑟R(B)(δΔδ)=𝐵𝑟R(B)BR(c)=BR(B)(δΔδ)(γΓBR(γ)).

Thus there is an xNN(Q) and a δΔ so that 𝐵𝑟Rx(B)(δx)𝐵𝑟Rx(fQ)0. Here Rx is a defect group of B,

(Rx)N=Q,δx𝐵(kCN(Rx))and(δx)𝐵𝑟Rx(fQ)0.

Since fQ𝐵(kCN(Q)) and CN(Rx)CN(Q), (δx)𝐵𝑟Rx(fQ)=δx. Since Rx fixes 𝐵𝑟Q(c), it permutes Γ. Thus, since 𝐵𝑟Rx(fQ)0, Rx fixes fQ. Thus (Rx,δx) is a (G,N,c)-Brauer pair, (Q,fQ)(Rx,δx) and Rx is a defect group of B. The proof is complete. ∎

Let B𝐵((kG)c). By [1, Theorem], there is a unique

β𝐵(kNG(Q)𝐵𝑟Q(c))such thatβG=B.

Here β𝐵𝑟Q(c)=β and 𝐵𝑟Q(c)=γΓγ. Since CN(Q)NG(Q), we have Γ𝐵(kCN(Q)), and so β covers fQ. Since H=NG(Q,fQ), there is a unique b𝐵((kH)fQ) such that 𝑇𝑟HNG(Q)(b)=β. Hence (𝑇𝑟HNG(Q)(b))G=B.

Here, by [4, Corollary 5.5.6], we have fQ𝐵(kQCN(Q))H. Thus b is an (H,QCN(Q),fQ)-Brauer pair since bfQ=b. We assert that Q is a defect group of fQ𝐵(kQCN(Q)). Indeed, 𝐵𝑟Q(c)𝐵(kNN(Q)) with defect group Q. Here 𝐵𝑟Q(c)=γΓγ is an orthogonal decomposition of blocks of kCN(Q) such that fQΓ. Also if γΓ, then γ𝐵(kQCN(Q)) by [4, Corollary 5.5.6] and QCN(Q)NN(Q). Thus 𝐵𝑟Q(c) covers γ for any γΓ. Hence we have that Q(QCN(Q))=Q is a defect group of γ for any γΓ. Thus Q is a defect group of fQ𝐵(kQCN(Q)), where QCN(Q)H, fQ𝐵(kQCN(Q))H.

By Lemma 7, there is a defect group D of b such that DQCN(Q)=Q and a block fD of CQCN((Q)(D) such that (Q,fQ)(D,fD) as (H,QCN(Q),fQ)-Brauer pairs. Here CQCN(Q)(D)CQCN(Q)(Q)=CN(Q), and so

CQCN(Q)(D)=CCN(Q)(D)=CN(D).

Thus 𝐵𝑟D(fQ)fD=fD and (D,fD) is an (H,CN(Q),fQ)-Brauer pair such that (Q,fQ)(D,fD) as (H,CN(Q),fQ)-Brauer pairs.

Here D is a defect group of b and B. Let 𝒞(D,fD) denote the full subcategory of 𝒞 of objects (S,fS) of 𝒞 such that (S,fS)(D,fD) as (G,N,c)-Brauer pairs, and let 𝒟(D,fD) denote the full subcategory of 𝒟 of objects (T,fT) of 𝒟 such that (T,fT)(D,fD) as (H,CN(Q),fQ)-Brauer pairs.

Recall that D is a defect group of b and B. Thus, by choosing a maximal (H,CN(Q),fQ)-Brauer pair (U,fU) such that

(D,,fD)U,fU)

as (H,CN(Q),fQ)-Brauer pairs and applying Theorem 6, we conclude:

Corollary 8.

The identity functor I:D(D,fD)C(D,fD) is an isomorphism of categories.


Communicated by Britta Spaeth


References

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[2] M. Linckelmann, The Block Theory of Finite Group Algebras: Volume 1, London Math. Soc. Stud. Texts 91, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 2018. 10.1017/9781108349307Search in Google Scholar

[3] M. Linckelmann, The Block Theory of finite Group Algebras: Volume 2, London Math. Soc. Stud. Texts 92, Cambridge University, Cambridge, 2018. 10.1017/9781108349307Search in Google Scholar

[4] H. Nagao and Y. Tsushima, Representations of Finite Groups, Academic Press, San Diego, 1989. Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2019-10-25
Revised: 2020-02-19
Published Online: 2020-03-19
Published in Print: 2020-09-01

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