Home Medicine Network pharmacology based investigation of the multi target mechanisms of Murraya koenigii (curry leaves) in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
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Network pharmacology based investigation of the multi target mechanisms of Murraya koenigii (curry leaves) in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

  • Harsh Kashyap , Jyoti Kumari and Manisha Khatri ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: August 26, 2025
Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine
From the journal Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine Volume 22 Issue 4

Abstract

Objectives

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a multifactorial chronic liver disease with limited treatment options. Murraya koenigii has reported hepato-protective effects against NASH in humans, but the bioactive compounds and mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we explored the bioactive compounds of M. koenigii and their potential mechanisms for combating NASH using network pharmacology and molecular docking approach.

Methods

Using online platforms such as IMPPAT, GeneCards, KEGG, and DisGeNET, we identified the phytochemicals, target proteins, and genes associated with NASH. Through Venn diagram analysis, we determined 31 common targets between the bioactive compounds and NASH-related genes. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses further revealed the key targets and underlying mechanisms. Molecular docking validated the binding interactions between the identified phytochemicals and core target proteins.

Results

Nine key targets (NFKB, HSP90, TLR4, ESR1, STAT3, MTOR, HIF1A, PI3KA, and PKCD) were identified that interacts with 16 selected phytochemicals. Molecular docking studies indicated phytochemicals, Osthole and Spathulenol to be the promising binders to the core targets especially NF-kB and STAT3. The results represented the muti-target, multi-compound and multi-pathway mechanisms of M. koenigii against NASH.

Conclusions

This study provides the evidence for further research into the mechanisms of M. koenigii bioactive compounds as complementary therapies for NASH. Our study also identifies the novel drug candidates based on M. koenigii active compounds.

Keywords: curry leaves; Murraya koenigii ; molecular docking; network pharmacology; bioactive; NASH
Corresponding author Dr. Manisha Khatri, Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Science, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, for providing the research facility to conduct the study.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: All authors contributed to the study, accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript, and approved its submission.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: Not applicable.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: There are no funding sources.

  7. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2025-04-21
Accepted: 2025-08-06
Published Online: 2025-08-26

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2025-0146
Keywords for this article
curry leaves; Murraya koenigii; molecular docking; network pharmacology; bioactive; NASH

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. Efficacy of mangosteen as local drug delivery for improving periodontal health in adults with periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  4. Catechins in cancer therapy: integrating traditional and complementary approaches
  5. Phytochemical innovations in oral cancer therapy: targeting oncogenic pathways with natural compounds
  6. Opinion Paper
  7. Naturopathy and the Ottawa Charter: a synergistic model for community health promotion in rural India
  8. Research Articles
  9. Investigating the therapeutic potential of medical leech and leech saliva extract in flap survival: an in vivo study using rats
  10. Alstonia boonei stem bark aqueous extract ameliorates elevated parasitemia levels, normalises blood glucose, modulates inflammatory biomarkers and enhances antioxidant status in Plasmodium berghei-infected/diabetic mice
  11. Nutritional, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and toxicity assessments of an herbal formulation using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo approaches
  12. Molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and ADME analysis of Moringa oleifera phytochemicals targeting NS5 protein: towards the development of novel anti-dengue therapeutics
  13. Impact of licorice supplementation on cardiac biomarkers and histomorphological changes in rats
  14. Effects of minas frescal cheese enriched with Lactobacillus acidophilus La-05 on bone health in a preclinical model of chronic kidney disease
  15. Teratogenic effect of unregistered traditional Chinese medicine containing Atractylodis lancea radix, Glycyrrhiza glabra radix, Rheum officinale rhizome, and Angelica dahurica radix on fetal morphology of BALB/c mice
  16. Network pharmacology based investigation of the multi target mechanisms of Murraya koenigii (curry leaves) in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
  17. Protective effects of citronellol on Escherichia coli septicemia-derived liver lesions in Wistar rats
  18. The effects of spilanthol (SA3X) supplementation on muscle size and strength in healthy men – a randomized parallel-group placebo-controlled trial
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