Fermented maize slurry (Ogi) and its supernatant (Omidun) mitigate elevated intraocular pressure by modulating BDNF expression and glial plasticity in the retina-gut axis of glaucomatous rats
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Adedamola Adediran Fafure
,
Edem Ekpenyong Edem
Abstract
Objectives
Growing interest has been reported on the health benefits of fermented foods, which includes cognition enhancement and inflammation attenuation. BDNF is a known protectant against retinal degeneration, however, therapies that target this neurotrophic factor has been limited. Therefore, we assessed the reaction of BDNF and glial cells in glaucomatous rats and their response to treatment with fermented maize products.
Methods
Thirty male adult rats were either injected via the episcleral vein with hypertonic saline to elevate intraocular pressure (IOP) or treated with fermented maize slurry (Ogi) or its supernatant (Omidun). Following sacrifice, the retina and duodenum were studied by immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies directed against GFAP, AIF-1 and BDNF.
Results
Hypertonic saline injection produced hypertrophy of the Müller cells and increased GFAP and AIF-1 expression in the retina and gut when compared to the control. Treatment with Ogi and Omidun produced varying degrees of reduction of gliosis, protection against hypertonic saline-induced retinal ganglion cell loss, and reduced intraocular pressure. BDNF expression was downregulated following the hypertonic saline assault, while Omidun and Ogi treatment abrogated its reduction following the hypertonic saline assault.
Conclusions
Collectively, our findings suggest that acute elevation of IOP alters crosstalk between gut and retina with consequent aberrant activation of glial cells; and that probiotic bacteria like the lactic acid bacteria rich in fermented foods including Ogi and Omidun may offer neuroprotection to the ganglionic cells by attenuating the retinal glial reaction and improving BDNF activity.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Author contribution: FAA: Original draft, investigation, conceptualization, methodology. EEE: Original draft, writing - review and editing. OAO: Methodology, Viability study and LAB count. FOE: Statistical analysis. ELA: writing - review and editing, resources. AAE: writing - review and editing. AAO: review and editing. NKE: review and editing.
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Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
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Ethical approval: This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Afe Babalola University (AB/EC/19/02/197).
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© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
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- A preliminary systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of heart rate variability biofeedback on heart rate variability and respiration of athletes
- The potential positive epigenetic effects of various mind-body therapies (MBTs): a narrative review
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- Biological and medicinal application of Cucumis sativus Linn. – review of current status with future possibilities
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- Research Articles
- Chemical compositions, antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic effects of Alhagi mannifera five extracts
- Anticonvulsive and anti-epileptogenesis effects of Echinacea purpurea root extract, an involvement of CB2 receptor
- Fermented maize slurry (Ogi) and its supernatant (Omidun) mitigate elevated intraocular pressure by modulating BDNF expression and glial plasticity in the retina-gut axis of glaucomatous rats
- Levetiracetam exposure during prenatal and postnatal period induces cognitive decline in rat offsprings, not completely prevented by Bacopa monnieri
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- Validation of Unani concept of Abadāl-i-Adwiya (drug substitution) by physicochemical standardization and hepatoprotective activity of Aristolochia rotunda Linn. and its substitute Curcuma Zedoaria Rosc. in albino Wistar rats
- Cinnamon oil as a co-chemotherapy agent through inhibition of cell migration and MMP-9 expression on 4T1 cells
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- Influence of Clerodendrum volubile leaf extract on doxorubicin-induced toxicity and inhibition of carbonyl reductase mediated metabolism
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- Molecular docking and molecular dynamics approach to identify potential compounds in Huperzia squarrosa for treating Alzheimer’s disease
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- Attenuation of cisplatin induced myelosuppression by methanol extract of Cedrus deodara in Wistar rats
- Acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of the standardized extract of Sanguisorba minor in vivo
- Efficacy of lettuce seed syrup on insomnia in patients with breast cancer: a pilot double blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial
- The effect of aromatherapy with rose essential oil on apparent anxiety in patients with myocardial infarction
- Effect of Jyoti-Trataka on intraocular pressure, autonomic control, and blood glucose in diabetic patients with high-tension primary open-angle glaucoma: a randomized-controlled trial
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- A preliminary systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of heart rate variability biofeedback on heart rate variability and respiration of athletes
- The potential positive epigenetic effects of various mind-body therapies (MBTs): a narrative review
- The effect of Chlorella vulgaris on obesity related metabolic disorders: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
- Biological and medicinal application of Cucumis sativus Linn. – review of current status with future possibilities
- The effect of the herbal medicine on severity of cyclic mastalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Research Articles
- Chemical compositions, antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic effects of Alhagi mannifera five extracts
- Anticonvulsive and anti-epileptogenesis effects of Echinacea purpurea root extract, an involvement of CB2 receptor
- Fermented maize slurry (Ogi) and its supernatant (Omidun) mitigate elevated intraocular pressure by modulating BDNF expression and glial plasticity in the retina-gut axis of glaucomatous rats
- Levetiracetam exposure during prenatal and postnatal period induces cognitive decline in rat offsprings, not completely prevented by Bacopa monnieri
- Antibiofilm action of Persea americana glycolic extract over Acinetobacter baumannii and absence of toxicity in Galleria mellonella
- Validation of Unani concept of Abadāl-i-Adwiya (drug substitution) by physicochemical standardization and hepatoprotective activity of Aristolochia rotunda Linn. and its substitute Curcuma Zedoaria Rosc. in albino Wistar rats
- Cinnamon oil as a co-chemotherapy agent through inhibition of cell migration and MMP-9 expression on 4T1 cells
- Assessment of biochemical changes in normal and diabetic rats treated by phenolic enriched extracts of Juglans regia L. barks
- Influence of Clerodendrum volubile leaf extract on doxorubicin-induced toxicity and inhibition of carbonyl reductase mediated metabolism
- Quantification of anacardic acid, the toxic component in raw and purified samples of Semecarpus anacardium L. by Siddha purification processes
- Molecular docking and molecular dynamics approach to identify potential compounds in Huperzia squarrosa for treating Alzheimer’s disease
- Evaluation of ethanol extracts from three species of Artocarpus as natural gastroprotective agents: in vivo and histopathological studies
- Attenuation of cisplatin induced myelosuppression by methanol extract of Cedrus deodara in Wistar rats
- Acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of the standardized extract of Sanguisorba minor in vivo
- Efficacy of lettuce seed syrup on insomnia in patients with breast cancer: a pilot double blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial
- The effect of aromatherapy with rose essential oil on apparent anxiety in patients with myocardial infarction
- Effect of Jyoti-Trataka on intraocular pressure, autonomic control, and blood glucose in diabetic patients with high-tension primary open-angle glaucoma: a randomized-controlled trial
- Efficacy of Ḥammām-i-yābis (dry bath) in metabolic syndrome: a single arm, open-labelled clinical trial
- Effect of Ḥijāma (wet cupping), Dalk (massage) and Bukhūr (medicated steam) in amelioration of Waja al-Zahr (non-specific low back pain) – an open prospective clinical trial
- Effect of yoga on cardiovascular functions and psychological aspects of people on public service-related work: an exploratory study
