Startseite Medizin Effect of ginseng therapy on diabetes and its chronic complications: lessons learned
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Effect of ginseng therapy on diabetes and its chronic complications: lessons learned

  • ORCID logo EMAIL logo , und
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 11. Mai 2017

Abstract

Ginseng played a significant role in the management of diabetes in China and in other Asian countries for a long period of time. It has a large number of pharmacological properties and is relatively free from adverse effects. As a part of Ontario Ginseng Research and Innovation Consortium, we investigated the effects of ginseng extract on diabetes and its complications. We demonstrated large number of beneficial effects of ginseng therapy and showed that these effects are possibly mediated through its antioxidant properties. Thus ginseng may lend itself as a relatively safe and inexpensive adjuvant treatment for diabetes and chronic diabetic complications.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: Supported by grant from Ministry of Research & Innovation, Ontario Research Fund.

  3. Employment or leadership: None declared.

  4. Honorarium: None declared.

  5. Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.

References

1. Weiss R. Herbal medicine. Gothenburg, Sweden: Beaconsfield Publishers LTD, 1988:176–177.Suche in Google Scholar

2. Radad K, Gille G, Liu L, Rausch WD. Use of ginseng in medicine with emphasis on neurodegenerative disorders. J Pharmacol Sci. 2006;100:175–186.10.1254/jphs.CRJ05010XSuche in Google Scholar PubMed

3. Hoffman D. Medical herbalism: the science and practice of herbal medicine. Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press, 2003:570–582.Suche in Google Scholar

4. Cheng Y, Shen LH, Zhang JT. Anti-amnestic and anti-aging effects of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 and its mechanism of action. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2005;26:143–149.10.1111/j.1745-7254.2005.00034.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed

5. Choo MK, Park EK, Han MJ, Kim DH. Antiallergic activity of ginseng and its ginsenosides. Planta Med. 2003;69:518–522.10.1055/s-2003-40653Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

6. Jeong HJ, Koo HN, Myung NI, Shin MK, Kim JW, Kim DK, et al. Inhibitory effects of mast cell-mediated allergic reactions by cell cultured Siberian ginseng. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2001;23:107–11710.1081/IPH-100102572Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

7. Attele AS, Wu JA, Yuan CS. Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999;58:1685–1693.10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00212-9Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

8. Wang AB, Wang CZ, Wu JA, Osinski J, Yuan CS. Determination of major ginsenosides in Panax qiunquefolius using high performance liquid chromatography. Phytochem Anal. 2005;16:272–277.10.1002/pca.838Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

9. Lü JM, Yao Q, Chen C. Ginseng compounds: an update on their molecular mechanisms and medical applications. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2009;7:293–302.10.2174/157016109788340767Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

10. Qu CL, Bai YP, Jin XQ, et al. Studies on ginsenosides in different parts and ages of Panax qiunquefolius L. Food Chem. 2009;115:340–346.10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.11.079Suche in Google Scholar

11. Wang C, Aungi HH, Zhang B, et al. Chemopreventive effects of heat-processed Panax quinquefolius root on human breast cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 2008;28:2545–2552.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

12. Kim YK, Guo Q, Packer L. Free radical scavenging activity of red ginseng aqueous extracts. Toxicology. 2002;72:149–156.10.1016/S0300-483X(01)00585-6Suche in Google Scholar

13. Duke J. The green pharmacy herbal handbook: your comprehensive reference to the best herbs for healing. Emmaus, PA: Rodale, 2000:115–116.Suche in Google Scholar

14. Blumenthal M. The ABC clinical guide to herbs. New York, NY: Theime, 2003:211–225.Suche in Google Scholar

15. Sotaniemi EA, Haapakoski E, Rautio A. Ginseng therapy in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 1995;18:1373–1375.10.2337/diacare.18.10.1373Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

16. Reay JL, Kennedy DO, Scholey AB. Single doses of Panax ginseng (G115) reduce blood glucose levels and improve cognitive performance during sustained mental activity. J Psychopharmacol. 2005;19:357–365.10.1177/0269881105053286Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

17. Vuksan V, Sung MK, Sievenpiper JL, et al. Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves glucose and insulin regulation in well-controlled, type 2 diabetes: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study of efficacy and safety. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2008;18:46–56.10.1016/j.numecd.2006.04.003Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

18. Kimura M, Waki I, Chujo T, et al. Effects of hypoglycemic components in ginseng radix on blood insulin level in alloxan diabetic mice and on insulin release from perfused rat pancreas. J Pharmaco Bio Dyn. 1981;4:410–417.10.1248/bpb1978.4.410Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

19. Xie JT, Mehendale SR, Wang A, et al. American ginseng leaf: ginsenoside analysis and hypoglycemic activity. Pharmacol Res. 2004;49:113–117.10.1016/j.phrs.2003.07.015Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

20. Xie JT, Mehendale S, Yuan CS. Ginseng and diabetes. Am J Chin Med. 2005;33:397–404.10.1142/S0192415X05003004Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

21. Yoon JW, Jun HS. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Am J Ther. 2005;12:580–591.10.1097/01.mjt.0000178767.67857.63Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

22. Wajchenberg BL. Beta-cell failure in diabetes and preservation by clinical treatment. Endocr Rev. 2007;28:187–218.10.1210/10.1210/er.2006-0038Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

23. Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature. 2001;14:813–820.10.1038/414813aSuche in Google Scholar PubMed

24. Ceriello A. New insights on oxidative stress and diabetic complications may lead to a “Causal” antioxidant therapy. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:1589–1596.10.2337/diacare.26.5.1589Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

25. Azike CG, Charpentier PA, Jirui H, Hua P, Lui EM. The yin and yang actions of North American ginseng root in modulating the immune function of macrophages. Chin Med. 2011;6:21–32.10.1186/1749-8546-6-21Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

26. Sen S, Querques MA, Chakrabarti S. North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) prevents hyperglycemia and associated pancreatic abnormalities in diabetes. J Med Food. 2013;16:587–592 l.10.1089/jmf.2012.0192Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

27. Chung SH, Choi CG, Park SH. Comparisons between white ginseng radix and rootlet for antidiabetic activity and mechanism in KKAy mice. Arch Pharm Res. 2001;24:214–218.10.1007/BF02978260Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

28. Attele AS, Zhou YP, Xie JT, et al. Antidiabetic effects of Panax ginseng berry extract and the identification of an effective component. Diabetes. 2002;51:1851–1858.10.2337/diabetes.51.6.1851Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

29. Park E, Kim H, Kim Y, et al. Increase in insulin secretion induced by Panax ginseng berry extracts contributes to the amelioration of hyperglycemia in streptozotoc-induced diabetic mice. J Ginseng Res. 2012;36:153–160.10.5142/jgr.2012.36.2.153Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

30. Choi S. Epidermis proliferative effect of the Panax ginseng ginsenoside Rb2. Arch Pharm Res. 2002;25:71–76.10.1007/BF02975265Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

31. Xiong Y, Ling S, Jiu KJ, et al. Antiobesity and antihyperglycemic effects of ginsenoside Rb1 in rats. Diabetes. 2010;59:2502–2512.10.2337/db10-0315Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

32. Shang W, Yang Y, Zhou L, Jiang B, Jin H, Chen M. Ginsenoside Rb1 stimulates glucose uptake through insulin-like signaling pathway in 3T3–L1 adipocytes. J Endocrinol. 2008;198:561–569.10.1677/JOE-08-0104Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

33. Luo JZ, Luo L. American ginseng stimulates insulin production and prevents apoptosis through regulation of uncoupling protein-2 in cultured β cells. Evidence Based Complement Alternat Med. 2006;3:365–372.10.1093/ecam/nel026Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

34. Kim HY, Kim K. Protective effect of Ginseng on cytokine-induced apoptosis in pancreatic β-Cells. Agric Food Chem. 2007;55:2816–2823.10.1021/jf062577rSuche in Google Scholar PubMed

35. Jeong KJ, Kim GW, Chung SH. AMP-activated protein kinase: an emerging target for ginseng. J Ginseng Res. 2014;38:83–88.10.1016/j.jgr.2013.11.014Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

36. Liu C, Zhang M, Hu MY, Guo HF, Li J, Yu YL, et al. Increased glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion may be involved in antidiabetic effects of ginsenosides. J Endocrinol. 2013;217:185–196.10.1530/JOE-12-0502Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

37. Sen S, Chen S, Feng B, Yuexiu W, Lui EK, Chakrabarti S. Preventive effects of North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) on diabetic retinopathy and cardiomyopathy. Phytother Res. 2012;27:290–298.10.1002/ptr.4719Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

38. Sen S, Chen S, Feng B, Yuexiu W, Lui EM, Chakrabarti S. Preventive effects of north American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) on diabetic nephropathy. Phytomedicine. 2012;19:494–505.10.1016/j.phymed.2012.01.001Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

39. Clark RJ, McDonough PM, Swanson E, Trost SU, Suzuki M, Fukuda M, et al. Diabetes and the accompanying hyperglycemia impairs cardiomyocyte calcium cycling through increased nuclear O-GlcNAcylation. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:44230–44237.10.1074/jbc.M303810200Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

40. Falcão-Pires I, Leite-Moreira AF. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: understanding the molecular and cellular basis to progress in diagnosis and treatment. Heart Fail Rev. 2012;17:325–344.10.1007/s10741-011-9257-zSuche in Google Scholar PubMed

41. Arai K, Maguchig S, Fujii S, Ishibashill H, Oikawa SK, Taniguch N. Glycation and inactivation of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. Identification of the in vitro glycated sites. J Biol Chem. 1987;262:16969–16972.10.1016/S0021-9258(18)45479-8Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

42. Schreck R, Albermann K, Baeuerle PA. Nuclear factor kB: an oxidative stressresponsive transcription factor of eukaryotic cells (a review). Free Radic Res Commun. 1992;17:221–237.10.3109/10715769209079515Suche in Google Scholar

43. Chen S, Mukherjee S, Chakraborty C, Chakrabarti S. High glucose-induced, endothelin-dependent fibronectin synthesis is mediated via NF-kappa B and AP-1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2003;284:263–272.10.1152/ajpcell.00192.2002Suche in Google Scholar

44. Chen S, Khan ZA, Cukiernik M, Chakrabarti S. Differential activation of NF-κB and AP-1 in increased fibronectin synthesis in target organs of diabetic complications. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003;284:1089–1097.10.1152/ajpendo.00540.2002Suche in Google Scholar

45. Voces J, Alvarez AI, Vila L, Ferrando A, Oliveira CC, Prieto JG. Effects of administration of the standardized Panax ginseng extract G115 on hepatic antioxidant function after exhaustive exercise. Comp Biochem Physiol Part C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 1999;123:175–184.10.1016/S0742-8413(99)00025-0Suche in Google Scholar

46. Sharma K, Jin Y, Guo J, Ziyadeh FN. Neutralization of TGF-beta by anti–TGF-beta antibody attenuates kidney hypertrophy and the enhanced extracellular matrix gene expression in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Diabetes. 1996;45:522–530.10.2337/diab.45.4.522Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

47. Khan ZA, Chan BM, Uniyal S, Barbin YP, Farhangkhoee H, Chen S, et al. EDB fibronectin and angiogenesis-a novel mechanistic pathway. Angiogenesis. 2005;8:183–196.10.1007/s10456-005-9017-6Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

48. Radovits T, Korkmaz S, Loganathan S, Barnucz IE, Bo¨Micke T, Arif R, et al. Comparative investigation of the left ventricular pressure-volume relationship in rat models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009;297:125–133.10.1152/ajpheart.00165.2009Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

49. McKenna K, Smith D, Tormey W, Thompson CJ. Acute hyperglycemia causes elevation in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic Med. 2002;17:512–517.10.1046/j.1464-5491.2000.00318.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed

50. Belke DD, Swanson EA, Dillmann WH. Decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum activity and contractility in diabetic db/db mouse heart. Diabetes. 2004;53:3201–3208.10.2337/diabetes.53.12.3201Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

51. Nannipieri M, Seghieri G, Catalano C, Prontera T, Baldi S, Ferrannini E. Defective regulation and action of atrial natriuretic peptide in type 2 diabetes. Horm Metab Res. 2002;34:265–270.10.1055/s-2002-32141Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

52. Ortola FV, Ballermann BJ, Anderson S, Mendez RE, Brenner BM. Elevated plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels in diabetic rats. Potential mediator of hyperfiltration. J Clin Invest. 1987;80:670–674.10.1172/JCI113120Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

53. Guo J, Gan XT, Haist JV, Rajapurohitam V, Zeidan A, Faruq NS, et al. Ginseng inhibits cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and heart failure via NHE-1 inhibition and attenuation of calcineurin activation. Circ Heart Fail. 2001;4:79–88.10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.110.957969Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

54. Liu TP, Liu IM, Cheng JT. Improvement of insulin resistance by Panax ginseng in fructose-rich chow-fed rats. Horm Metab Res. 2005;37:146–151.10.1055/s-2005-861299Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

55. Xie JT, Wang CZ, Li XL, Ni M, Fishbein A, Yuan CS. Anti-diabetic effect of American ginseng may not be linked to antioxidant activity: comparison between American ginseng and Scutellaria baicalensis using an ob/ob mice model. Fitoterapia. 2009;80:306–311.10.1016/j.fitote.2009.04.001Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

56. Dey L, Xie JT, Wang A, Wu J, Maleckar SA, Yuan CS. Anti-hyperglycemic effects of ginseng: comparison between root and berry. Phytomedicine. 2003;10:600–605.10.1078/094471103322331908Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

57. Sen S, Chen S, Feng B, Yuexiu W, Lui E, Chakrabarti S. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) prevents glucose-induced oxidative stress and associated endothelial cell abnormalities. Phytomedicine. 2011;18:1110–1117.10.1016/j.phymed.2011.06.013Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

58. Ota K, Kameoka M, Tanaka Y, Itaya A, Yoshihara K. Expression of histone acetyltransferases was down-regulated in poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-deficient murine cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;310:312–317.10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.08.146Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

59. Hassa PO, Buerki C, Lombardi C, Imhof R, Hottiger MO. Transcriptional coactivation of nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent gene expression by p300 is regulated by poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase-1. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:45145–45153.10.1074/jbc.M307957200Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

60. Khan ZA, Farhangkhoee H, Mahon JL, Bere L, Gonder JR, Chan BM, et al. Endothelins: regulators of extracellular matrix protein production in diabetes. Exp Biol Med. 2006;231:1022–1029.Suche in Google Scholar

61. Kwok HH, Ng WY, Yang MS, Mak NK, Wong RN, Yue PY. The ginsenoside protopanaxatriol protects endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cell injury and cell death by modulating intracellular redox status. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010;48:437–445.10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.11.013Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

62. Harkey MR, Henderson GL, Gershwin ME, Stern JS, Hackman RM. Variability in commercial ginseng products: an analysis of 25 preparations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73:1101–1106.10.1093/ajcn/73.6.1101Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

63. Jung CH, Seog HM, Iwm C, Choi HD, Cho HY. Effects of wild ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) leaves on lipid peroxidation levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;98:245–250.10.1016/j.jep.2004.12.030Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

64. Qi LW, Wang CZ, Du GJ, Zhang ZY, Calway T, Yuan CS. Metabolism of Ginseng and its interactions with drugs. Curr Drug Metab. 2011;12:818–822.10.2174/138920011797470128Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Received: 2016-12-21
Accepted: 2017-4-11
Published Online: 2017-5-11

© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Heruntergeladen am 25.3.2026 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/jcim-2016-0166/html
Button zum nach oben scrollen