Home Medicine Decreasing cardiovascular risk factors in obese individuals using a combination of PGX® meal replacements and PGX® granules in a 12-week clinical weight modification program
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Decreasing cardiovascular risk factors in obese individuals using a combination of PGX® meal replacements and PGX® granules in a 12-week clinical weight modification program

  • Ronald G. Reichert EMAIL logo , Michael R. Lyon , Veronica Kacinik , Roland J. Gahler , Priya Manjoo , Monica Purnama and Simon Wood
Published/Copyright: June 12, 2013

Abstract: In this open, clinically based, weight modification program, we determined in six sedentary obese adults (five women; one male; age range 30–62 years) that the combination of a modified calorie diet plus PGX® meal replacement and PGX® supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in several cardiovascular risk factors over a 12-week time period. This included a significant improvement in lipids (−0.98 mmol/l LDL-C), reduction in average weight (−9.2 kg), mean reduction in fat (−4.1%) and an increase in fat-free mass (2.8%).

Acknowledgements

Support of the study and supply of PGX®: InovoBiologic Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada

Conflict of interest

RGR and MRL are consultants to Factors Group of Nutritional Companies. SW is a consultant to InovoBiologic Inc. RJG is the owner of the Factors Group of Nutritional Companies and retains an interest in PGX® VK is an employee of the Canadian Centre for Functional Medicine. MP was an employee of the Canadian Centre for Functional Medicine. PM has no conflict of interest. PGX®, PolyGlycopleX® are trademarks of InovoBiologic Inc. Slim Styles® and PGX® Daily are trademarks of Natural Factors. All other marks are the property of their respective owners.

References

1. López-JiménezF, Cortés-BergoderiM.Obesity and the heart. Rev Esp Cardiol2011;64:1409.10.1016/j.rec.2010.10.011Search in Google Scholar

2. KatzmarzykPT, ArdernCI. Overweight and obesity mortality trends in Canada, 1985–2000. Can J Public Health2004;95:1620.10.1007/BF03403627Search in Google Scholar

3. ZalesinKC, FranklinBA, MillerWM, PetersonED, McCulloughPA. Impact of obesity on cardiovascular disease. Med Clin N Am2011;95:91937.10.1016/j.mcna.2011.06.005Search in Google Scholar PubMed

4. KreiderRB, SerraM, BeaversKM, MoreillonJ, KrestaJY, ByrdM, et al.. A structured diet and exercise program promotes favourable changes in weight loss, body composition, and weight maintenance. J Am Diet Assoc2011;111:82843.10.1016/j.jada.2011.03.013Search in Google Scholar PubMed

5. DitschuneitHH, Flechtner-MorsM. Value of structured meals for weight management: risk factors and long-term weight maintenance. Obes Res2001;9:S2849.10.1038/oby.2001.132Search in Google Scholar PubMed

6. WaddenTA, WestDS, NeibergRH, WingRR, RyanDH, JohnsonKC, et al.. One-year weight losses in the Look AHEAD study: factors associated with success. Obesity (Silver Spring)2009;17:71322.10.1038/oby.2008.637Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

7. DeibertP, KönigD, VitolinsMZ, LandmannU, FreyI, ZahradnikHP, BergA. Effect of a weight loss intervention on anthropometric measures and metabolic risk factors in pre-versus postmenopausal women. Nutr J2007;6:31. DOI:10.1186/1475-2891-6-31.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

8. HeymsfieldSB, HarpJB, ReitmanML, BeetschJW, SchoellerDA, EronduN, PietrobelliA. Why do obese patients not lose more weight when treated with low-calorie diets? A mechanistic perspective. Am J Clin Nutr2007;85:34654.10.1093/ajcn/85.2.346Search in Google Scholar PubMed

9. SlavinJL. Dietary fiber and body weight. Nutrition2005;21:41118.10.1016/j.nut.2004.08.018Search in Google Scholar PubMed

10. HowarthNC, SaltzmanE, RobertsSB. Dietary fiber and weight regulation. Nutr Rev2001;59:12939.10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb07001.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

11. GunnessP, GidleyMJ. Mechanisms underlying the cholesterol-lowering properties of soluble dietary fibre polysaccharides. Food Funct. 2010;1:14955. DOI:10.1039/c0fo00080a.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

12. BrownL, RosnerB, WillettWW, SacksFM. Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary fiber: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr1999;69:3042.10.1093/ajcn/69.1.30Search in Google Scholar PubMed

13. Brand-MillerJC, AtkinsonFS, GahlerRJ, KacinikV, LyonMR, WoodS. Effects of PGX, a novel functional fibre, on acute and delayed postprandial glycaemia. Eur J Clin Nutr2010;64:148893.10.1038/ejcn.2010.199Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

14. JenkinsAL, KacinikV, LyonM, WoleverTMS. Effect of adding the novel fiber, PGX®, to commonly consumed foods on glycemic response, glycemic index and GRIP: a simple and effective strategy for reducing post prandial blood glucose levels – a randomized, controlled trial. Nutr J2010;9:58.10.1186/1475-2891-9-58Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

15. LyonMR, ReichertRG. The effect of a novel viscous polysaccharide along with lifestyle changes on short-term weight loss and associated risk factors in overweight and obese adults: an observational retrospective clinical program analysis. Altern Med Rev2010;15:6875.Search in Google Scholar

16. LyonM, WoodS, PelletierX, DonazzoloY, GahlerR, BellisleF. Effects of a 3-month supplementation with a novel soluble highly viscous polysaccharide on anthropometry and blood lipids in nondieting overweight and obese adults. J Hum Nutr Diet2011;24:3519.10.1111/j.1365-277X.2011.01157.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

17. HardingSE, SmithIH, LawsonCJ, GahlerRJ, WoodS. Studies on macromolecular interactions in ternary mixtures of konjac glucomannan, xanthan gum and sodium alginate. Carbohyd Polym2011;83:32938.10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.06.035Search in Google Scholar

18. HardingSE, AlmutairiF, AdamsGG, MorrisG, LawsonCJ, GahlerRJ, WoodS. Dilute solution viscometry studies on a therapeutic mixture of non-digestible carbohydrates. Int J Biotechnol Wellness Industries2012;1:10714.10.6000/1927-3037/2012.01.02.01Search in Google Scholar

19. AbdelhameedAS, AngS, MorrisGA, SmithI, LawsonC, GahlerR, et al.. An analytical ultracentrifuge study on ternary mixtures of konjac glucomannan supplemented with sodium alginate and xanthan gum. Carbohyd Polym2010;81:1418.10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.01.043Search in Google Scholar

20. WinickC, RothackerDQ, NormanRL. Four worksite weight loss programs with high-stress occupations using a meal replacement product. Occup Med2002;52:2530.10.1093/occmed/52.1.25Search in Google Scholar PubMed

21. de KoningL, MerchantAT, PogueJ, AnandSS. Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular events: meta-regression analysis of prospective studies. Eur Heart J2007;28:8506.10.1093/eurheartj/ehm026Search in Google Scholar PubMed

22. GenserB, MärzW. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, statins and cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis. Clin Res Cardiol2006;95:393404.10.1007/s00392-006-0403-xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

23. LuskGT. The elements of the science of nutrition, 4th ed. New York: Academic Press, 1976;6174.Search in Google Scholar

24. ApfelbaumM, BostsarronJ, LacatisD. Effect of caloric restriction and excessive caloric intake on energy expenditure. Am J Clin Nutr1971;24:140509.10.1093/ajcn/24.12.1405Search in Google Scholar PubMed

25. Van LoanMD. Do hand-held calorimeters provide reliable and accurate estimates of resting metabolic rate? J Am Coll Nutr2007;26:6259.10.1080/07315724.2007.10719639Search in Google Scholar PubMed

26. McDonielSO. Systematic review on use of a handheld indirect calorimeter to assess energy needs in adults and children. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab2007;17:491500.10.1123/ijsnem.17.5.491Search in Google Scholar PubMed

27. McDonielSO, NelsonHA, ThomsonCA. Employing RMR technology in a 90-day weight control program. Obes Facts2008;1:298304.10.1159/000178026Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

28. MojtahediMC, ThorpeMP, KarampinosDC, JohnsonCL, LaymanDK, GeorgiadisJG, EvansEM. The effects of a higher protein intake during energy restriction on changes in body composition and physical function in older women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci2011;66:121825.10.1093/gerona/glr120Search in Google Scholar PubMed

29. WhiteheadJM, McNeillG, SmithJS. The effect of protein intake on 24-h energy expenditure during energy restriction. Int J Obes Relat Metabol Disord1996;20:72732.Search in Google Scholar

30. AchesonKJ, Blondel-LubranoA, Oguey-AraymonS, BeaumontM, Emady-AzarS, Ammon-ZuffereyC, et al.. Protein choices targeting thermogenesis and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr2011;93:52534.10.3945/ajcn.110.005850Search in Google Scholar PubMed

31. SchoellerDA, BuchholzAC. Energetics of obesity and weight control: does diet composition matter? J Am Diet Assoc2005;105:S248.10.1016/j.jada.2005.02.025Search in Google Scholar PubMed

32. PalS, EllisV. The acute effects of four protein meals on insulin, glucose, appetite and energy intake in lean men. Br J Nutr2010;104:12418.10.1017/S0007114510001911Search in Google Scholar PubMed

33. PalS, EllisV, DhaliwalS. Effects of whey protein isolate on body composition, lipids, insulin and glucose in overweight and obese individuals. Br J Nutr2010;104:71623.10.1017/S0007114510000991Search in Google Scholar PubMed

34. LylyM, LiukkonenKH, Salmenkallio-MarttilaM, KarhunenL, PoutanenK, LähteenmäkiL. Fibre in beverages can enhance perceived satiety. Eur J Nutr2009;48:2518.10.1007/s00394-009-0009-ySearch in Google Scholar PubMed

35. MorengaLT, WilliamsS, BrownR, MannJ. Effect of a relatively high-protein, high-fiber diet on body composition and metabolic risk factors in overweight women. Eur J Clin Nutr2010;64:132331.10.1038/ejcn.2010.163Search in Google Scholar PubMed

36. KacinikV, LyonM, PurnamaM, ReimerRA, GahlerR, GreenTJ, WoodS. Effect of PGX, a novel functional fibre supplement, on subjective ratings of appetite in overweight and obese women consuming a 3-day structured, low-calorie diet. Nutr Diabetes2011;1:e22. DOI:10.1038/nutd.2011.18.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

37. ReimerRA, PelletierX, CarabinIG, LyonM, GahlrR, ParnellJA, WoodS. Increased plasma PYY levels following supplementation with the functional fiber PolyGlycopleX in healthy adults. Eur J Clin Nutr2010;64:118691.10.1038/ejcn.2010.141Search in Google Scholar PubMed

38. DikemanCL, Fahey Jr, GC. Viscosity as related to dietary fiber: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr2006;46:64963.10.1080/10408390500511862Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Received: 2012-05-08
Accepted: 2013-02-01
Published Online: 2013-06-12

©2013 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin / Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Masthead
  2. Masthead
  3. Phytochemistry & Product Quality
  4. Chemical and pharmacological standardization of Ashwagandhadi lehyam: an ayurvedic formulation
  5. Phytochemical screening and toxicity studies on the methanol extract of the seeds of moringa oleifera
  6. First report of fingerprinting dried herbal products using a subtractive diversity array
  7. Preclinical Studies
  8. Antidiabetic and antihypertensive effect of Virgin Argan Oil in model of neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic and l-nitroarginine methylester (l-NAME) hypertensive rats
  9. Hypoglycemic activity of the Anisopus mannii N. E. Br. methanolic leaf extract in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic mice
  10. Aloe vera gel protects liver from oxidative stress-induced damage in experimental rat model
  11. Hepatoprotective activity of Calotropis gigantea flowers against carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice
  12. In vivo and in vitro estrogenic activity of extracts from Erythrina poeppigiana (Fabaceae)
  13. Liposomal-formulated curcumin [Lipocurc™] targeting HDAC (Histone Deacetylase) prevents apoptosis and improves motor deficits in Park 7 (DJ-1)-knockout rat model of Parkinson’s disease: implications for epigenetics-based nanotechnology-driven drug platform
  14. Antimalarial potential of China 30 and Chelidonium 30 in combination therapy against lethal rodent malaria parasite: Plasmodium berghei
  15. Structure elucidation and inhibitory effects on human platelet aggregation of chlorogenic acid from Wrightia tinctoria
  16. Cytotoxic effects of crocin on MOLT-4 human leukemia cells
  17. Synergistic cytotoxicity of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extract with doxorubicin in human pancreatic, breast and prostate cancer cell lines
  18. Tea toxicity and cholinesterase inhibition of Huilliche herbal medicine
  19. Iatrogenic venous thrombosis secondary to supplemental medicine toxicity
  20. Clinical Studies
  21. Decreasing cardiovascular risk factors in obese individuals using a combination of PGX® meal replacements and PGX® granules in a 12-week clinical weight modification program
  22. The use of an anti-inflammatory supplement in patients with chronic kidney disease
  23. Impact of relaxation training according to the Yoga In Daily Life® system on anxiety after breast cancer surgery
  24. Positive impact of Tai Chi Chuan participation on biopsychosocial quality of life compared to exercise and sedentary controls: a cross-sectional survey
  25. Using a standardized Viniyoga protocol for lung cancer survivors: a pilot study examining effects on breathing ease
  26. Research utilization and evidence-based practice among Saskatchewan massage therapists
  27. Laser acupuncture in treatment of childhood bronchial asthma
  28. Case Reports
  29. Developing an in-patient acupuncture treatment in a pediatric hospital
  30. Reviews & Perspectives
  31. Is yoga an effective treatment in the management of patients with chronic low back pain compared with other care modalities – a systematic review
  32. Omega-3 fatty acid for the treatment and remission of Crohn’s disease
  33. Any role for probiotics in the therapy or prevention of autoimmune diseases? Up-to-date review
  34. Hericium erinaceus: an edible mushroom with medicinal values
  35. Are conduits superconductor-like and supported by tetrahedra structure of hyaluronic matrix in living systems? New perspectives
Downloaded on 8.12.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/jcim-2013-0003/html
Scroll to top button