Abstract
Wars are neither only fought nor ended on the battlefield, but they are continued as cultural battles over their interpretation and commemoration. This also applies to commemorative practices within the context of protest cultures. Proceeding from a critical analysis of war photography and media ethics and their relation to different memory cultures, this article examines the formal, commemorative and representational strategies in Lucy Kirkwood’s dramatization of the 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests Chimerica (2013). The analysis focuses on her cross-cultural conceptualizations of heroism and situates Chimerica within the larger framework of recent British war photographer plays.
Works Cited
Andrejevic, Mark. 2013. InfoGlut: How Too Much Information Is Changing the Way We Think and Know. London: Routledge.Suche in Google Scholar
Ashplant, T. G., Graham Dawson and Michael Roper (eds.). 2000. The Politics of War Memory and Commemoration. London: Routledge.Suche in Google Scholar
Auld, Tim. 2013. “Chimerica, at Harold Pinter Theatre”. The Telegraph August 18. <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/theatre-reviews/10245095/Chimerica-at-Harold-Pinter-Theatre.html> [accessed 15 June 2014].Suche in Google Scholar
Baxter, Jeannette. 2009. J. G. Ballard’s Surrealist Imagination: Spectacular Authorship. Farnham: Ashgate.Suche in Google Scholar
Berry, Michael. 2008. A History of Pain: Trauma in Modern Chinese Literature and Film. New York: Columbia University Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Billington, Michael. 2013a. “Chimerica-review”. The Guardian May 29. <http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2013/may/29/chimerica-review> [accessed 14 June 2014].Suche in Google Scholar
–-. 2013b. “In praise of Chimerica, now enthralling West End audiences”. The Guardian August 22. <http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2013/aug/22/chimerica-transfer-billington-harold-pinter> [accessed 14 June 2014].Suche in Google Scholar
Bordeleau, Eric. 2011. “What Remains of Tiananmen? Postpolitical Reduction to Bare Life in Emily Tang’s Conjugation (2001)”. Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies 37.1: 83–98.Suche in Google Scholar
Bowers, Maggie Ann. 2004. Magic(al) Realism. New York: Routledge.Suche in Google Scholar
Brantley, Ben. 2013. “London Theater Journal: Hard-Boiled in ‘Chimerica’”. The New York Times June 25. <http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/25/london-theater-journal-hard-boiled-in-chimerica/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0> [accessed 16 June 2014].Suche in Google Scholar
Broudehoux, Anne-Marie. 2004. The Making and Selling of Post-Mao Beijing. London and New York: Routledge.Suche in Google Scholar
Burgan, Michael. 2014. Tank Man: How a Photograph Defined China’s Protest Movement. North Mancato, Minnesota: Capstone.Suche in Google Scholar
Campbell, Joseph. 2008. The Hero With a Thousand Faces. [1949]. Novato, California: New World Library.Suche in Google Scholar
Canning, Charlotte M. and Thomas Postlewait (eds.). 2010. Representing the Past: Essays in Performance Historiography. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Cummins, Joseph. 2010. The World’s Bloodiest History. Massacre, Genocide, and the Scars They Left on Civilization. Beverly, Massachusetts: Fair Winds Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Genette, Gérard. 1997. Paratexts: Thresholds of Interpretation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Ghosh, Bishnupriya. 2011. Global Icons. Apertures to the Popular. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Goldfarb, Jeffrey C. 1991. The Cynical Society: The Culture of Politics and the Politics of Culture in American Life. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Hajek, Andrea. 2013. Negotiating Memories of Protest in Western Europe: The Case of Italy. Houndmills, UK: Palgrave.Suche in Google Scholar
Huntley, E. D. 2001. Maxine Hong Kingston: A Critical Companion. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Jendza, Craig. 2014. “Chimera”. In: Jeffrey Weinstock (ed.) The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters. Farnham: Ashgate. 90–92.Suche in Google Scholar
Karabell, Zachary. 2009. Superfusion: How China and America Became One Economy and Why the World’s Prosperity Depends On It. New York: Simon & Schuster.Suche in Google Scholar
Kirkwood, Lucy. 2013. Chimerica. London: Nick Hern.Suche in Google Scholar
–-. 2014. “Chimerica writer Lucy Kirkwood on first TV drama The Smoke”. The Independent February 19. <http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/features/chimerica-writer-lucy-kirkwood-on-first-tv-drama-the-smoke-9139519.html> [accessed 5 August 2014].Suche in Google Scholar
Korte, Barbara. 2009. Represented Reporters. Images of War Correspondents in Memoirs and Fiction. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag.Suche in Google Scholar
Lesák, Barbara. 1990. “Photography, Cinematography and the Theatre. A History of a Relationship”. In: Mikuláš Teich and Roy Porter (eds.) Fin de Siècle and Its Legacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 132–146.Suche in Google Scholar
Linfield, Susie. 2010. The Cruel Radiance: Photography and Political Violence. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Michael, Magali Cornier. 2006. New Visions of Community in Contemporary American Fiction: Tan, Kingsolver, Castillo, Morrison. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Mittelman, James H. 2013. “Crisis and Global Governance: Money, Discourses, and Institutions”. In: Barry K. Gills (ed.) Globalization in Crisis. London: Routledge. 155–170.Suche in Google Scholar
Park, You-Me. 2000. “Boundaries of Violence: Female Migratory Subjects, Political Agency and Postcoloniality”. In: Avril Horner and Angela Keane (eds.) Body Matters: Feminism, Textuality, Corporeality. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 159–169.Suche in Google Scholar
Raczka, Lulu. 2013. “There Has Possibly Be an Incident at Soho”. Exeunt Magazine. <http://exeuntmagazine.com/reviews/there-has-possibly-been-an-incident-2/> [accessed 30 August 2014].Suche in Google Scholar
Reilly, Jill. 2014. “China may have banned Tiananmen Square memorial but the rest of Asia remembers: From Hong Kong to Taiwan thousands hold vigil on 25th anniversary of Beijing massacre”. Daily Mail Online June 4. <http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2648422/Nothing-China-security-forces-swamp-Tiananmen-Square-25th-anniversary-Beijing-massacre-protests-break-Asia.html> [accessed 14 June 2014].Suche in Google Scholar
Robertson, Roland. 1994. “Globalisation or glocalisation?”. Journal of International Communication 1.1: 33–52.Suche in Google Scholar
Ryan, Jan. 2003. Chinese Women and the Global Village. St Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Schaffer, Kay and Xianlin Song. 2013. Women Writers in Postsocialist China. London: Routledge.Suche in Google Scholar
Schlote, Christiane. 2014. “From Front Page to Front Stage: War Correspondents and Media Ethics in British Theatre”. In: Mireia Aragay and Enric Monforte (eds.) Ethical Speculations in Contemporary British Theatre. Houndmills, UK: Palgrave. 173–189.Suche in Google Scholar
Shamir, Ronen. 2005. “Without Borders? Notes on Globalization as a Mobility Regime”. Sociological Theory 23.2: 197–217.Suche in Google Scholar
Sierz, Aleks. 2014. “Can New Writing Do Better?”. Contemporary Theatre Review 21.1: 129–131.Suche in Google Scholar
Spencer, Charles. 2013. “Chimerica, Almeida, review”. The Telegraph May 29. <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/theatre-reviews/10086704/Chimerica-Almeida-review.html> [accessed 14 June 2014].Suche in Google Scholar
Thorpe, Chris. 2013. There Has Possibly Been an Incident. London: Oberon.Suche in Google Scholar
Tumber, Howard. 2006. “The Fear of Living Dangerously: Journalists who Report on Conflict”. International Relations 20.4: 439–451.Suche in Google Scholar
Wallace, Carol Wilkie. 1994. “Rhetorical Devices for Hero Making: Charles Lindbergh and John F. Kennedy”. In: Susan J. Drucker and Robert S. Cathcarta (eds.) American Heroes in a Media Age. Cresskill, New Jersey: Hampton Press. 168–187.Suche in Google Scholar
Wang, Annie. 2001. Lili. New York: Anchor Books.Suche in Google Scholar
Witty, Patrick. 2009. “Behind the Scenes: Tank Man of Tiananmen”. The New York Times June 3. <http://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/06/03/behind-the-scenes-tank-man-of-tiananmen/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0> [accessed 14 June 2014].Suche in Google Scholar
Wong, Edward. 2013. “Amid Tribute to King of Pop, an Echo of Tiananmen Square”. The New York Times August 5. <http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/16/world/asia/amid-tribute-to-king-of-pop-an-echo-of-tiananmen-square.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0> [accessed 30 August 2014].Suche in Google Scholar
Wong, Elizabeth. 1996. Letters to a Student Revolutionary. Woodstock, Illinois: Dramatic Publishing.Suche in Google Scholar
Zelizer, Barbara. 2004. “When War Is Reduced to a Photograph”. In: Stuart Allan and Barbara Zelizer (eds.) Reporting War: Journalism in War Time. London: Routledge. 115–135.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2015 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Frontmatter
- Special Issue: Theater and History – Cultural Transformations
- Articles
- Introduction: Theater and History – Cultural Transformations
- Anthropo-Scenes: Theater and Climate Change
- ‘Provincializing’ Post-Wall Europe: Transcultural Critique of Eurocentric Historicism in Pentecost, Europe and The Break of Day
- Utopian Histories: Transforming Past Ideals in Stoppard’s Plays
- A Historiography of Protest and the Politics of Commemoration in Lucy Kirkwood’s Chimerica
- Je Me Souviens – Re/Writings of History in Contemporary Canadian Drama
- David Greig’s The American Pilot and Earlier Dramatizations of Political Hostage Takings
- Time and Temporalities in Contemporary British War Plays – Roy Williams’s Days of Significance and Owen Sheers’s The Two Worlds of Charlie F.
- Women and Historical Agency in Contemporary British Plays
- From History to ‘Ourstories’ in Martin Crimp’s Metanarratives
- Locating History on the Contemporary Stage
- Reviews
- Vicky Angelaki. The Plays of Martin Crimp: Making Theatre Strange. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, x + 228 pp., $ 85.00 (hardback); available as eBook.Clara Escoda Agustí. Martin Crimp’s Theatre: Collapse as Resistance to Late Capitalist Society. CDE Studies Volume 24. Berlin/Boston: de Gruyter, 2013, xi + 336 pp., $ 140.00 (hardcover or eBook), $ 210.00 (hardcover and eBook).
- Sophie Bush. The Theatre of Timberlake Wertenbaker. London: Bloomsbury Methuen Drama, 2013, viii + 337 pp., £ 16.99 (paperback and eBook).
- Peter Fifield and David Addyman (eds.). Samuel Beckett: Debts and Legacies: New Critical Essays. London: Bloomsbury, 2013, 244 pp., £ 58.50 (hardback), £ 19.99 (eBook).Katherine Weiss. The Plays of Samuel Beckett. Critical Companions. London: Methuen Drama, 2013, 286 pp., £ 50.00 (hardback), £ 16.99 (paperback).
- Anne Cremieux, Xavier Lemoine and Jean-Paul Rocchi (eds.). Understanding Blackness Through Performance: Contemporary Arts and the Representation of Identity. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, 282 pp., $ 90.00 (hardback).
- Denise Varney, Peter Eckersall, Chris Hudson and Barbara Hatley. Theatre and Performance in the Asia-Pacific: Regional Modernities in the Global Era. Studies in International Performance. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, xiii + 253 pp., $ 85.00 (hardback).
- Clare Wallace. The Theatre of David Greig. London: Bloomsbury Methuen Drama, 2013, ix + 259 pp., £ 50.00 (hardback), £ 15.29 (paperback).
- Gareth White. Audience Participation in Theatre: Aesthetics of the Invitation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, x + 224 pp., $ 90.00 (hardback), $ 29.00 (paperback).
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Frontmatter
- Special Issue: Theater and History – Cultural Transformations
- Articles
- Introduction: Theater and History – Cultural Transformations
- Anthropo-Scenes: Theater and Climate Change
- ‘Provincializing’ Post-Wall Europe: Transcultural Critique of Eurocentric Historicism in Pentecost, Europe and The Break of Day
- Utopian Histories: Transforming Past Ideals in Stoppard’s Plays
- A Historiography of Protest and the Politics of Commemoration in Lucy Kirkwood’s Chimerica
- Je Me Souviens – Re/Writings of History in Contemporary Canadian Drama
- David Greig’s The American Pilot and Earlier Dramatizations of Political Hostage Takings
- Time and Temporalities in Contemporary British War Plays – Roy Williams’s Days of Significance and Owen Sheers’s The Two Worlds of Charlie F.
- Women and Historical Agency in Contemporary British Plays
- From History to ‘Ourstories’ in Martin Crimp’s Metanarratives
- Locating History on the Contemporary Stage
- Reviews
- Vicky Angelaki. The Plays of Martin Crimp: Making Theatre Strange. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, x + 228 pp., $ 85.00 (hardback); available as eBook.Clara Escoda Agustí. Martin Crimp’s Theatre: Collapse as Resistance to Late Capitalist Society. CDE Studies Volume 24. Berlin/Boston: de Gruyter, 2013, xi + 336 pp., $ 140.00 (hardcover or eBook), $ 210.00 (hardcover and eBook).
- Sophie Bush. The Theatre of Timberlake Wertenbaker. London: Bloomsbury Methuen Drama, 2013, viii + 337 pp., £ 16.99 (paperback and eBook).
- Peter Fifield and David Addyman (eds.). Samuel Beckett: Debts and Legacies: New Critical Essays. London: Bloomsbury, 2013, 244 pp., £ 58.50 (hardback), £ 19.99 (eBook).Katherine Weiss. The Plays of Samuel Beckett. Critical Companions. London: Methuen Drama, 2013, 286 pp., £ 50.00 (hardback), £ 16.99 (paperback).
- Anne Cremieux, Xavier Lemoine and Jean-Paul Rocchi (eds.). Understanding Blackness Through Performance: Contemporary Arts and the Representation of Identity. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, 282 pp., $ 90.00 (hardback).
- Denise Varney, Peter Eckersall, Chris Hudson and Barbara Hatley. Theatre and Performance in the Asia-Pacific: Regional Modernities in the Global Era. Studies in International Performance. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, xiii + 253 pp., $ 85.00 (hardback).
- Clare Wallace. The Theatre of David Greig. London: Bloomsbury Methuen Drama, 2013, ix + 259 pp., £ 50.00 (hardback), £ 15.29 (paperback).
- Gareth White. Audience Participation in Theatre: Aesthetics of the Invitation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, x + 224 pp., $ 90.00 (hardback), $ 29.00 (paperback).