Startseite Screening of anti-HIV activities in ethanol extract and fractions from Ficus fistulosa leaves
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Screening of anti-HIV activities in ethanol extract and fractions from Ficus fistulosa leaves

  • Siti Qamariyah Khairunisa EMAIL logo , Dwi Wahyu Indriati , Lidya Tumewu , Aty Widyawaruyanti und Nasronudin Nasronudin
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 25. Juni 2021

Abstract

Objectives

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is considered as a major immunosuppressive disease linked to malignancies and other opportunistic infections. Recently, the high prevalence of HIV drug-resistant strains required a high demand for novel antiviral drug development, especially in herbal medicine approaches. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of Ficus fistulosa leaves can inhibit HIV replication in ethanol extract form as well as its fractions using chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol solvents.

Methods

F. fistulosa leaves were extracted using ethanol as a solvent and further gradually fractionated in chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol solvents. The targeted persistently infected virus (MT4/HIV) cell lines were cocultured with ethanol extract and fractions at different time points. The syncytium formation and cytotoxicity assays were performed to evaluate the potential antiviral activity of F. fistulosa leaves.

Results

One of the four tested extract/fractions showed antiviral activity against HIV. The ethanol extract showed weak inhibition with a high level of toxicity (IC50 = 8.96 μg/mL, CC50 ≥50 μg/mL, and SI = 5.58). Meanwhile, chloroform fraction effectively inhibited the MT4/HIV cell proliferation while keeping the toxicity to a minimal level (IC50 = 3.27 μg/mL, CC50 = 29.30 μg/mL, and SI = 8.96). In contrast of ethyl acetate fraction and butanol fraction showed no anti HIV activity with a high level of toxicity (CC50 ≥50 μg/mL) and low SI value (>2.17 μg/mL and >0.97 μg/mL).

Conclusions

Chloroform fraction of F. fistulosa leaves showed effectively as anti-viral activity against MT4/HIV cells.


Corresponding author: Siti Qamariyah Khairunisa, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Phone: +6281331843627, E-mail:

Funding source: Universitas Airlangga (Penelitian Unggulan Fakultas)

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to send gratitude towards the staffs in NPMRD group at Institute of Tropical Disease for providing the Ficus fistulosa extracts and Airlangga University Hospital for their generous support of PBMC collection in this study.

  1. Research funding: The present study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid from Universitas Airlangga (Penelitian Unggulan Fakultas).

  2. Author contributions: SQK performed HIV in vitro analysis and drafted the manuscript, as well as involved in the design and coordination of the study; DWI performed HIV in vitro analysis and helped in drafting the manuscript; LT performed plant extraction and phytochemical analysis; AW and N were involved in the design and coordination of the study. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

  3. Competing interests: The authors declare no potential conflict of interests.

  4. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.

  5. Ethical approval: The local Institutional Review Board deemed the study exempt from review.

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Received: 2020-11-27
Accepted: 2021-03-08
Published Online: 2021-06-25

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