An isobolographic analysis of the anti-nociceptive effect of geraniin in combination with morphine or diclofenac
-
Eric Boakye-Gyasi
,
Ella Anle Kasanga
Abstract
Background:
Geraniin, a dehydroellagitannin, is a major component of the aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell. (Euphorbiaceae). Several Phyllanthus species are traditionally used for painful disorders. The anti-nociceptive effects of the aqueous extract of the aerial parts of P. muellerianus and of geraniin have been scientifically established. The aim of the paper is to determine whether a combination of geraniin and diclofenac or geraniin and morphine leads to better anti-nociceptive effects.
Methods:
The nature of the interactions of morphine and diclofenac with geraniin was evaluated by undertaking the isobolographic analysis. Mice were treated with geraniin (3–30 mg/kg), morphine (1–10 mg/kg), and diclofenac (10–100 mg/kg) to obtain the ED50 values of the agents in the formalin test. Dose-response curves were then obtained and analyzed after the co-administration of geraniin with morphine or diclofenac in fixed ratio (1:1) combinations based on specific fractions (1/2, 1/4, and 1/8) of their respective ED50 values for the formalin test.
Results:
Geraniin was less potent than morphine but more potent than diclofenac in the formalin-induced nociception. The isobolographic analysis of geraniin/morphine (G/M) and geraniin/diclofenac combinations (G/D) at different fractions revealed the potentiation of their anti-nociceptive effects. The degrees of potentiation, which were calculated as interaction indices, showed synergism for both combinations in both phase I (G/M: 0.040, G/D: 0.017) and phase II (G/M: 0.004, G/D: 0.002) of the formalin test.
Conclusions:
The present study demonstrates synergism for the co-administration of geraniin with both morphine and diclofenac.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful for the contributions and technical assistance offered by Mr. Edmund Dery and Mr. Thomas Ansah of the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KNUST, Kumasi.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Minireview
- Acorus calamus: a bio-reserve of medicinal values
- Behavior and Neuroprotection
- Electrodermal response to auditory stimuli in relation to menopausal transition period
- Reproduction
- First-line antituberculosis drugs disrupt endocrine balance and induce ovarian and uterine oxidative stress in rats
- Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C. Jeffrey inhibits oxidative damage and econucleotidase followed by increased cellular ATP in testicular cells of rats exposed to metropolitan polluted river water
- Cardiovascular Function
- Ameliorative effect of Azadirachta indica on sodium fluoride-induced hypertension through improvement of antioxidant defence system and upregulation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 signaling
- Regulation of hypoxia inducible factor/prolyl hydroxylase binding domain proteins 1 by PPARα and high salt diet
- Oxidative Stress
- Amla (Emblica officinalis) improves hepatic and renal oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in hypothyroid female wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet
- Metabolism
- Cocos nucifera water improves metabolic functions in offspring of high fat diet fed Wistar rats
- Prevalence of dry eye disease and its association with dyslipidemia
- Phytotherapy
- An isobolographic analysis of the anti-nociceptive effect of geraniin in combination with morphine or diclofenac
- Antidiarrheal and antimicrobial activities of the ethanol extract from the Icacina senegalensis root bark
- Chromatographic fingerprint analysis, antioxidant properties, and inhibition of cholinergic enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) of phenolic extracts from Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’Rorke) Baill bark
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