Cocos nucifera water improves metabolic functions in offspring of high fat diet fed Wistar rats
-
Olufadekemi T. Kunle-Alabi
,
Opeyemi O. Akindele
Abstract
Background:
Maternal high fat diet has been implicated in the aetiology of metabolic diseases in their offspring. The hypolipidaemic actions of Cocos nucifera water improve metabolic indices of dams consuming a high fat diet during gestation. This study investigated the effects of C. nucifera water on metabolism of offspring of dams exposed to high fat diet during gestation.
Methods:
Four groups of pregnant Wistar rat dams (n=6) were treated orally from Gestation Day (GD) 1 to GD 21 as follows: standard rodent feed+10 mL/kg distilled water (Control), standard rodent feed+10 mL/kg C. nucifera water, high fat feed+10 mL/kg distilled water (high fat diet), and high fat feed+10 mL/kg C. nucifera water (high fat diet+C. nucifera water). The feeds were given ad libitum and all dams received standard rodent feed after parturition. Fasting blood glucose was measured in offspring before being euthanized on Postnatal Day (PND) 120. Serum insulin, leptin, lipid profile and liver enzymes were measured.
Results:
Serum total cholesterol (TC), insulin, alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly increased (p<0.05) in high fat diet offspring compared with controls. Similar changes were not observed in high fat diet+C. nucifera water offspring.
Conclusions:
Results suggest that the adverse effects of maternal high fat diet on offspring’s metabolism can be ameliorated by C. nucifera water.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
References
1. Desai M, Ross MG. Fetal programming of adipose tissue: effects of intrauterine growth restriction and maternal obesity/high-fat diet. Semin Reprod Med 2011;29:237–45.10.1055/s-0031-1275517Search in Google Scholar
2. Desai M, Beall M, Ross MG. Developmental origins of obesity: programmed adipogenesis. Curr Diabetes Rep 2013;13:27–33.10.1007/s11892-012-0344-xSearch in Google Scholar
3. Shankar K, Harrell A, Liu X, Gilchrist JM, Ronis MJ, Badger TM. Maternal obesity at conception programs obesity in the offspring. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008;294:R528–38.10.1152/ajpregu.00316.2007Search in Google Scholar
4. Dong M, Zheng Q, Ford SP, Nathanielsz PW, Ren J. Maternal obesity, lipotoxicity and cardiovascular diseases in offspring. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013;55:111–6.10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.08.023Search in Google Scholar
5. Sullivan EL, Nousen L, Chamlou KK, Nousen EK. Maternal high fat diet consumption during the perinatal period programs offspring behaviour. Physiol Behav 2014;123:236–42.10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.07.014Search in Google Scholar
6. Ghebremeskel K, Bitsanis D, Koukkou E, Lowy C, Poston L, Crawford MA. Maternal diet high in fat reduces docosahexaenoic acid in liver lipids of newborn and sucking rat pups. Br J Nutr 1999;81:395–404.10.1017/S0007114599000689Search in Google Scholar
7. Nair SV, Rajamohan T. The role of coconut water on nicotine-induced reproductive dysfunction in experimental male rat model. Food Nutr Sci 2014;5:1121–30.10.4236/fns.2014.512122Search in Google Scholar
8. DebMandal M, Mandal S. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.: Arecaceae): In health promotion and disease prevention. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2011;4:241–7.10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60078-3Search in Google Scholar
9. Sandhya VG, Rajamohan T. Beneficial effects of coconut water feeding on lipid metabolism in cholesterol-fed rats. J Med Food 2006;9:400–7.10.1089/jmf.2006.9.400Search in Google Scholar PubMed
10. Sandhya VG, Rajamohan T. Comparative evaluation of the hypolipidemic effects of coconut water and lovastatin in rats fed fat-cholesterol enriched diet. Food Chem Toxicol 2008;46:3586–92.10.1016/j.fct.2008.08.030Search in Google Scholar PubMed
11. Kunle-Alabi OT, Akindele OO, Raji Y. Coconut water alters maternal high fat diet induced changes in hormones and pup morphometry of Wistar rats. Afr J Med Med Sci 2015;44:133–44.Search in Google Scholar
12. Zhang J, Merialdi M, Platt LD, Kramer MS. Defining normal and abnormal fetal growth: promises and challenges. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010;6:522–8.10.1016/j.ajog.2009.10.889Search in Google Scholar
13. Hobbins J. Morphometry of fetal growth. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1997;423:165–8.10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb18403.xSearch in Google Scholar
14. Rinaudo P, Wang E. Fetal programming and metabolic syndrome. Ann Rev Physiol 2012;74:107–30.10.1146/annurev-physiol-020911-153245Search in Google Scholar
15. Cerf ME, Williams K, Van Rooyen J, Esterhuyse AJ, Muller CJ, Louw J. Gestational 30% and 40% fat diets increase brain GLUT2 and neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in neonatal Wistar rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2010;28:625–30.10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.226Search in Google Scholar
16. Kunle-Alabi OT, Akindele OO, Onowugbeda EO, Adesina MR, Raji Y. Effects of coconut water on reproductive functions of female wistar rats: a preliminary investigation. Arch Basic Appl Med 2015;3:135–9.10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.685.1Search in Google Scholar
17. Thiels E, Alberts JR, Cramer CP. Weaning in rats: II. Pup behavior patterns. Dev Psychobiol 1990;23:495–510.10.1002/dev.420230605Search in Google Scholar
18. Kuipers SD, Trentani A, Tiron A, Mao X, Kuhl D, Bramham CR. BDNF-induced LTP is associated with rapid Arc/Arg3.1-dependent enhancement in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Sci Rep 2016;6:21222.10.1038/srep21222Search in Google Scholar
19. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972;18:499–502.10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499Search in Google Scholar
20. Tobert JA. Lovastatin and beyond: the history of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, Nat Rev Drug Discov 2003;2:517–26.10.1038/nrd1112Search in Google Scholar
21. Willis RA, Folkers K, Tucker JL, Ye CQ, Xia LJ, Tamagawa H. Lovastatin decreases coenzyme Q levels in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1990;87:8928–30.10.1073/pnas.87.22.8928Search in Google Scholar
22. Williams ML, Menon GK, Hanley KP. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors perturb fatty acid metabolism and induce peroxisomes in keratinocytes. J Lipid Res 1992;33:193–208.10.1016/S0022-2275(20)41539-1Search in Google Scholar
23. Payolla TB, Lemes SF, de Fante T, Reginato A, Mendes da Silva C, de Oliveira Micheletti T, et al. High-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation impairs the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in the liver and white adipose tissue of mouse offspring. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016;422:192–202.10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed
24. Mendes-da-Silva C, Giriko CÁ, Mennitti LV, Hosoume LF, Souto T dos S, Silva AV da, et al. Maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy or lactation changes the somatic and neurological development of the offspring. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2014;72:136–44.10.1590/0004-282X20130220Search in Google Scholar PubMed
25. Mendes-da-Silva C, Lemes SF, Baliani T da S, Versutti MD, Torsoni MA. Increased expression of Hes5 protein in Notch signaling pathway in the hippocampus of mice offspring of dams fed a high-fat diet during pregnancy and suckling. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015;40:35–42.10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.11.005Search in Google Scholar PubMed
26. Thomas E, Mccarthy J, Fitzpatrick J, Durighel G, Bell J. Obesity facts. Eur J Obesity 2008;2:32.Search in Google Scholar
27. Kurpad AV, Varadharajan KS, Aeberli I. The thin-fat phenotype and global metabolic disease risk. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2011;14:542–7.10.1097/MCO.0b013e32834b6e5eSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
28. Gluckman PD, Beedle AS, Hanson MA, Yap EP. Developmental perspectives on individual variation: implications for understanding nutritional needs. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program 2008;62:1–12.10.1159/000146243Search in Google Scholar PubMed
29. Thomas EL, Parkinson JR, Frost GS, Goldstone AP, Doré CJ, McCarthy JP, et al. The missing risk: MRI and MRS phenotyping of abdominal adiposity and ectopic fat. Obesity 2012;20:76–87.10.1038/oby.2011.142Search in Google Scholar PubMed
30. Zhao G, Dai Y, Wang Y. Effects of coconut juice on the formation of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi [Chin J Prev Med] 1995;29:216–8.Search in Google Scholar
31. Chechi K, Cheema SK. Maternal diet rich in saturated fats has deleterious effects on plasma lipids of mice. Exp Clin Cardiol 2006;11:129–35.Search in Google Scholar
32. Fraulob JC, Ogg-Diamantino R, Fernandes-Santos C, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. A mouse model of metabolic syndrome: insulin resistance, fatty liver and non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) in C57BL/6 mice fed a high fat diet. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2010;46:212–23.10.3164/jcbn.09-83Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
33. dos Santos Perez G, Santana dos Santos L, dos Santos Cordeiro G, Matos Paraguassú G, Abensur Athanazio D, Couto RD, et al. Maternal and post-weaning exposure to a high fat diet promotes visceral obesity and hepatic steatosis in adult rats. Nutr Hosp 2015;32:1653–8.Search in Google Scholar
34. Preetha PP, Devi VG, Rajamohan T. Hypoglycemic and antioxidant potential of coconut water in experimental diabetes. Food Funct 2012;3:753–7.10.1039/c2fo30066dSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
35. Iranloye B, Oludare G, Olubiyi M. Anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects of virgin coconut oil in alloxan induced diabetic male Sprague Dawley rats. J Diabetes Mellitus 2013;3:221–6.10.4236/jdm.2013.34034Search in Google Scholar
36. Klein BE, Klein R, Lee KE. Components of the metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Beaver Dam. Diabetes Care 2002;25:1790–4.10.2337/diacare.25.10.1790Search in Google Scholar PubMed
37. Messier C, Whately K, Liang J, Du L, Puissant D. The effects of a high-fat, high-fructose, and combination diet on learning, weight, and glucose regulation in C57BL/6 mice, Behav Brain Res 2007;178:139–45.10.1016/j.bbr.2006.12.011Search in Google Scholar PubMed
38. Chen M, Wu L, Wu F, Wittert GA, Norman RJ, Robker RL, et al. Impaired glucose metabolism in response to high fat diet in female mice conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) or ovarian stimulation alone. PLoS One 2014;9:e113155.10.1371/journal.pone.0113155Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
39. Alfaradhi MZ, Ozanne SE. Developmental programming in response to maternal overnutrition. Front Genet 2011;2: 1–13.10.3389/fgene.2011.00027Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
40. Fullston T, Palmer NO, Owens JA, Mitchell M, Bakos HW, Lane M. Diet-induced paternal obesity in the absence of diabetes diminishes the reproductive health of two subsequent generations of mice. Hum Reprod 2012;27:1391–400.10.1093/humrep/des030Search in Google Scholar PubMed
41. Lehnen H, Zechner U, Haaf T. Epigenetics of gestational diabetes mellitus and offspring health: the time for action is in early stages of life. Mol Hum Reprod 2013;19:415–22.10.1093/molehr/gat020Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
42. Malmström H, Walldius G, Grill V, Jungner I, Gudbjörnsdottir S, Hammar N. Fructosamine is a useful indicator of hyperglycaemia and glucose control in clinical and epidemiological studies – cross-sectional and longitudinal experience from the AMORIS Cohort. PLoS One 2014;9:e111463.10.1371/journal.pone.0111463Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
43. Breton C. The hypothalamus-adipose axis is a key target of developmental programming by maternal nutritional manipulation. J Endocrinol 2013;216:R19–R31.10.1530/JOE-12-0157Search in Google Scholar PubMed
44. Sullivan EL, Smith MS, Grove KL. Perinatal exposure to high-fat diet programs energy balance, metabolism and behavior in adulthood. Neuroendocrinol 2011;93:1–8.10.1159/000322038Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
45. Franco JG, Fernandes TP, Rocha CP, Calviño C, Pazos-Moura CC, Lisboa PC, et al. Maternal high-fat diet induces obesity and adrenal and thyroid dysfunction in male rat offspring at weaning. J Physiol 2012;590:5503–18.10.1113/jphysiol.2012.240655Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
46. Sasaki A, de Vega WC, St-Cyr S, Pan P, McGowan PO. Perinatal high fat diet alters glucocorticoid signaling and anxiety behavior in adulthood. Neuroscience 2013;240:1–12.10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.02.044Search in Google Scholar PubMed
47. Su HM, Hsieh PH, Chen HF. A maternal high n-6 fat diet with fish oil supplementation during pregnancy and lactation in rats decreases breast cancer risk in the female offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2010;21:1033–7.10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.08.007Search in Google Scholar PubMed
48. Dunn GA, Bale TL. Maternal high-fat diet effects on third-generation female body size via the paternal lineage. Endocrinol 2011;152:2228–36.10.1210/en.2010-1461Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
49. Reynolds CM, Vickers MH, Harrison CJ, Segovia SA, Gray C. Maternal high fat and/or salt consumption induces sex-specific inflammatory and nutrient transport in the rat placenta. Physiol Rep 2015;3:e12399.10.14814/phy2.12399Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
50. Wakana N, Irie D, Kikai M, Terada K, Yamamoto K, Kato T, et al. Maternal high fat diet exaggerates atherosclerosis development in adult offspring by augmenting periaortic adipose tissue-specific proinflammatory response. Circulation 2014;130:A11859.Search in Google Scholar
51. Rodríguez-González GL, Vega CC, Boeck L, Vázquez M, Bautista CJ, Reyes-Castro LA, et al. Maternal obesity and overnutrition increase oxidative stress in male rat offspring reproductive system and decrease fertility. Int J Obes 2015;39:549–56.10.1038/ijo.2014.209Search in Google Scholar PubMed
©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Minireview
- Acorus calamus: a bio-reserve of medicinal values
- Behavior and Neuroprotection
- Electrodermal response to auditory stimuli in relation to menopausal transition period
- Reproduction
- First-line antituberculosis drugs disrupt endocrine balance and induce ovarian and uterine oxidative stress in rats
- Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C. Jeffrey inhibits oxidative damage and econucleotidase followed by increased cellular ATP in testicular cells of rats exposed to metropolitan polluted river water
- Cardiovascular Function
- Ameliorative effect of Azadirachta indica on sodium fluoride-induced hypertension through improvement of antioxidant defence system and upregulation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 signaling
- Regulation of hypoxia inducible factor/prolyl hydroxylase binding domain proteins 1 by PPARα and high salt diet
- Oxidative Stress
- Amla (Emblica officinalis) improves hepatic and renal oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in hypothyroid female wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet
- Metabolism
- Cocos nucifera water improves metabolic functions in offspring of high fat diet fed Wistar rats
- Prevalence of dry eye disease and its association with dyslipidemia
- Phytotherapy
- An isobolographic analysis of the anti-nociceptive effect of geraniin in combination with morphine or diclofenac
- Antidiarrheal and antimicrobial activities of the ethanol extract from the Icacina senegalensis root bark
- Chromatographic fingerprint analysis, antioxidant properties, and inhibition of cholinergic enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) of phenolic extracts from Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’Rorke) Baill bark
- Corrigendum
- Corrigendum to: Possible modulation of PPAR-γ cascade against depression caused by neuropathic pain in rats
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Minireview
- Acorus calamus: a bio-reserve of medicinal values
- Behavior and Neuroprotection
- Electrodermal response to auditory stimuli in relation to menopausal transition period
- Reproduction
- First-line antituberculosis drugs disrupt endocrine balance and induce ovarian and uterine oxidative stress in rats
- Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C. Jeffrey inhibits oxidative damage and econucleotidase followed by increased cellular ATP in testicular cells of rats exposed to metropolitan polluted river water
- Cardiovascular Function
- Ameliorative effect of Azadirachta indica on sodium fluoride-induced hypertension through improvement of antioxidant defence system and upregulation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 signaling
- Regulation of hypoxia inducible factor/prolyl hydroxylase binding domain proteins 1 by PPARα and high salt diet
- Oxidative Stress
- Amla (Emblica officinalis) improves hepatic and renal oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in hypothyroid female wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet
- Metabolism
- Cocos nucifera water improves metabolic functions in offspring of high fat diet fed Wistar rats
- Prevalence of dry eye disease and its association with dyslipidemia
- Phytotherapy
- An isobolographic analysis of the anti-nociceptive effect of geraniin in combination with morphine or diclofenac
- Antidiarrheal and antimicrobial activities of the ethanol extract from the Icacina senegalensis root bark
- Chromatographic fingerprint analysis, antioxidant properties, and inhibition of cholinergic enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) of phenolic extracts from Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’Rorke) Baill bark
- Corrigendum
- Corrigendum to: Possible modulation of PPAR-γ cascade against depression caused by neuropathic pain in rats
